{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,13]],"date-time":"2026-11-13T22:58:02Z","timestamp":1794610682474,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82322010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82322010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02326-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1776416558000},"page":"1318-1335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Faecalibacterium prausnitzii enzyme reprograms PD-L1 trafficking and sensitizes colorectal cancer to immunotherapy in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Siqi","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuejie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junzhao","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingzheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuqiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7724-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenbiao","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1471-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-4049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2326_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2024.2374954","volume":"13","author":"M Bredon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bredon, M. et al. Faecalibaterium prausnitzii strain EXL01 boosts efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncoimmunology 13, 2374954 (2024).","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"2326_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327853","volume":"72","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, Y. et al. Acetyltransferase from Akkermansia muciniphila blunts colorectal tumourigenesis by reprogramming tumour microenvironment. Gut 72, 1308\u20131318 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2326_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330291","volume":"72","author":"X Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang, X. et al. Roseburia intestinalis generated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Gut 72, 2112\u20132122 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2326_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.12.021","volume":"50","author":"I Siddiqui","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siddiqui, I. et al. Intratumoral Tcf1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells with stem-like properties promote tumor control in response to vaccination and checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. Immunity 50, 195\u2013211 e110 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2326_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.11.014","volume":"50","author":"S Kurtulus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurtulus, S. et al. Checkpoint blockade immunotherapy induces dynamic changes in PD-1\u2212CD8+ tumor-infiltrating T cells. Immunity 50, 181\u2013194 e186 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2326_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804812105","volume":"105","author":"H Sokol","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sokol, H. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti-inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 16731\u201316736 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2326_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-23-0605","volume":"83","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abrogates intestinal toxicity and promotes tumor immunity to increase the efficacy of dual CTLA4 and PD-1 checkpoint blockade. Cancer Res. 83, 3710\u20133725 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2326_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effendi, R. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in immune-related diseases. Microorganisms 10, 2382 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122382"},{"key":"2326_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05299-4","volume":"610","author":"B Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Gut bacteria alleviate smoking-related NASH by degrading gut nicotine. Nature 610, 562\u2013568 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2326_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11121909","volume":"11","author":"EA Ugbogu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ugbogu, E. A., Schweizer, L. M. & Schweizer, M. Contribution of model organisms to investigating the far-reaching consequences of PRPP metabolism on human health and well-being. Cells 11, 1909 (2022).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"2326_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao3290","volume":"359","author":"V Matson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matson, V. et al. The commensal microbiome is associated with anti-PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. Science 359, 104\u2013108 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4236","volume":"359","author":"V Gopalakrishnan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gopalakrishnan, V. et al. Gut microbiome modulates response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. Science 359, 97\u2013103 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0286-6","volume":"51","author":"JR Huyghe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huyghe, J. R. et al. Discovery of common and rare genetic risk variants for colorectal cancer. Nat. Genet. 51, 76\u201387 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2326_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00931-x","volume":"53","author":"S Sakaue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakaue, S. et al. A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. Nat. Genet. 53, 1415\u20131424 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2326_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgy026","volume":"39","author":"C Tanikawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanikawa, C. et al. GWAS identifies two novel colorectal cancer loci at 16q24.1 and 20q13.12. Carcinogenesis 39, 652\u2013660 (2018).","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2326_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq340","volume":"26","author":"CJ Willer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Willer, C. J., Li, Y. & Abecasis, G. R. METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans. Bioinformatics 26, 2190\u20132191 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2326_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.04.010","volume":"31","author":"SS Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, S. S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived succinic acid induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Host Microbe 31, 781\u2013797.e789 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2326_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb5920","volume":"371","author":"EN Baruch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baruch, E. N. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant promotes response in immunotherapy-refractory melanoma patients. Science 371, 602\u2013609 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf3363","volume":"371","author":"D Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar, D. et al. Fecal microbiota transplant overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy in melanoma patients. Science 371, 595\u2013602 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01655-5","volume":"28","author":"L Derosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Derosa, L. et al. Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila predicts clinical response to PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Nat. Med. 28, 315\u2013324 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2326_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2017.08.004","volume":"19","author":"AE Frankel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frankel, A. E. et al. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing and unbiased metabolomic profiling identify specific human gut microbiota and metabolites associated with immune checkpoint therapy efficacy in melanoma patients. Neoplasia 19, 848\u2013855 (2017).","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"2326_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01695-5","volume":"28","author":"KA Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee, K. A. et al. Cross-cohort gut microbiome associations with immune checkpoint inhibitor response in advanced melanoma. Nat. Med. 28, 535\u2013544 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2326_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01698-2","volume":"28","author":"JA McCulloch","year":"2022","unstructured":"McCulloch, J. A. et al. Intestinal microbiota signatures of clinical response and immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1. Nat. Med. 28, 545\u2013556 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2326_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-019-0672-4","volume":"11","author":"A Brandilyn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brandilyn, A. et al. Relating the gut metagenome and metatranscriptome to immunotherapy responses in melanoma patients. Genome Med 11, 61 (2019).","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2326_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan3706","volume":"359","author":"RE Bertrand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bertrand, R. E. et al. Gut microbiome influences efficacy of PD-1\u2013based immunotherapy against epithelial tumors. Science 359, 91\u201397 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spencer, C. N. et al. Dietary fiber and probiotics influence the gut microbiome and melanoma immunotherapy response. Science 374, 1632\u20131640 (2021).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz7015"},{"key":"2326_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1186\/s40425-019-0650-9","volume":"7","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, Y. et al. Gut microbiome affects the response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Immunotherapy Cancer 7, 193 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Immunotherapy Cancer"},{"key":"2326_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yufeng, L. et al. Effects of gut microbiota on immune checkpoint inhibitors in multi-cancer and as microbial biomarkers for predicting therapeutic response. Med 6, 100530 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.10.007"},{"key":"2326_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, J. W. et al. Gut microbiota and clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced cancer. Biomed J. 47, 100698 (2024).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2024.100698"},{"key":"2326_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16079-x","volume":"11","author":"C Coutzac","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coutzac, C. et al. Systemic short chain fatty acids limit antitumor effect of CTLA-4 blockade in hosts with cancer. Nat. Commun. 11, 2168 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2326_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-023-00574-6","volume":"23","author":"B Banushi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banushi, B., Joseph, S. R., Lum, B., Lee, J. J. & Simpson, F. Endocytosis in cancer and cancer therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 23, 450\u2013473 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2326_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z. et al. Glycolysis drives STING signaling to facilitate dendritic cell antitumor function. J. Clin. Invest. 133, e166031 (2023).","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166031"},{"key":"2326_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"01486-20","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01486-20","volume":"94","author":"S Croft","year":"2020","unstructured":"Croft, S., Wong, Y. C., Smith, S. A., Flesch, I. E. A. & Tscharke, D. C. Surprisingly effective priming of CD8+ T cells by heat-inactivated vaccinia virus virions. J. Virol. 94, 01486-20 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"2326_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3325","volume":"12","author":"A Guichard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guichard, A., Nizet, V. & Bier, E. RAB11-mediated trafficking in host\u2013pathogen interactions. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 12, 624\u2013634 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"2326_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25662-9","volume":"12","author":"Y Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, Y. et al. TRAPPC4 regulates the intracellular trafficking of PD-L1 and antitumor immunity. Nat. Commun. 12, 5405 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2326_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.135.4.913","volume":"135","author":"O Ullrich","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ullrich, O., Reinsch, S., Urbe, S., Zerial, M. & Parton, R. G. Rab11 regulates recycling through the pericentriolar recycling endosome. J. Cell Biol. 135, 913\u2013924 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"2326_CR37","first-page":"111","volume":"127","author":"V Lachance","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lachance, V. et al. Ubiquitylation and activation of a Rab GTPase is promoted by a \u03b22AR-HACE1 complex. J. Cell Sci. 127, 111\u2013123 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2326_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02022","volume":"10","author":"Y Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, Y., Chen, W., Xu, Z. P. & Gu, W. PD-L1 distribution and perspective for cancer immunotherapy-blockade, knockdown, or inhibition. Front. Immunol. 10, 2022 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2326_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1486888","volume":"15","author":"L Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, L. et al. PD-L2 act as an independent immune checkpoint in colorectal cancer beyond PD-L1. Front. Immunol. 15, 1486888 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"2326_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00473-5","volume":"18","author":"DB Doroshow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doroshow, D. B. et al. PD-L1 as a biomarker of response to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 18, 345\u2013362 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2326_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7738","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b03148","volume":"10","author":"H Cao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao, H. et al. Liposomes coated with isolated macrophage membrane can target lung metastasis of breast cancer. ACS Nano 10, 7738\u20137748 (2016).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"2326_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.08.033","volume":"48","author":"DR Donohoe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Donohoe, D. R. et al. The Warburg effect dictates the mechanism of butyrate-mediated histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Mol. Cell 48, 612\u2013626 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"2326_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e109146","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0109146","volume":"9","author":"M Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii inhibits interleukin-17 to ameliorate colorectal colitis in rats. PLoS ONE 9, e109146 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2326_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3444","volume":"20","author":"A Trompette","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trompette, A. et al. Gut microbiota metabolism of dietary fiber influences allergic airway disease and hematopoiesis. Nat. Med. 20, 159\u2013166 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2326_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.052","volume":"157","author":"JT Cunningham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cunningham, J. T., Moreno, M. V., Lodi, A., Ronen, S. M. & Ruggero, D. Protein and nucleotide biosynthesis are coupled by a single rate-limiting enzyme, PRPS2, to drive cancer. Cell 157, 1088\u20131103 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2326_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-03879-0","volume":"21","author":"Y He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. Soluble PD-L1: a potential dynamic predictive biomarker for immunotherapy in patients with proficient mismatch repair colorectal cancer. J. Transl. Med. 21, 25 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2326_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01784-w","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. The adhesin RadD enhances Fusobacterium nucleatum tumour colonization and colorectal carcinogenesis. Nat. Microbiol. 9, 2292\u20132307 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"2326_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00766-x","volume":"20","author":"CC Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong, C. C. & Yu, J. Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer development and therapy. Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol. 20, 429\u2013452 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2326_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add5787","volume":"381","author":"K Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, K. et al. Microbial-host-isozyme analyses reveal microbial DPP4 as a potential antidiabetic target. Science 381, eadd5787 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2326_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.032","volume":"188","author":"B Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Serotonin transporter inhibits antitumor immunity through regulating the intratumoral serotonin axis. Cell 188, 3823\u20133842 e3821 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2326_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-00763-1","volume":"53","author":"A Kurilshikov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurilshikov, A. et al. Large-scale association analyses identify host factors influencing human gut microbiome composition. Nat. Genet. 53, 156\u2013165 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"2326_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14389-8","volume":"11","author":"N Papadimitriou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Papadimitriou, N. et al. Physical activity and risks of breast and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Nat. Commun. 11, 597 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2326_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34408","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408","volume":"7","author":"G Hemani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hemani, G. et al. The MR-Base platform supports systematic causal inference across the human phenome. eLife 7, e34408 (2018).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"2326_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2647","volume":"31","author":"PD Hsu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hsu, P. D. et al. DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 827\u2013832 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2326_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Therapeutic effect of Faecalibacterium longum CM04-06 on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. J. Appl. Microbiol. 136, lxaf119 (2025).","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxaf119"},{"key":"2326_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90786-3","volume":"11","author":"Y Zou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zou, Y. et al. Characterization and description of Faecalibacterium butyricigenerans sp. nov. and F. longum sp. nov., isolated from human faeces. Sci. Rep. 11, 11340 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"2326_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sakamoto, M. et al. Genome-based, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic classification of Faecalibacterium strains: proposal of three novel species Faecalibacterium duncaniae sp. nov., Faecalibacterium hattorii sp. nov. and Faecalibacterium gallinarum sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/ijsem.0.005379 (2022).","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.005379"},{"key":"2326_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.TIR118.000953","volume":"18","author":"SI Kovalchuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kovalchuk, S. I., Jensen, O. N. & Rogowska-Wrzesinska, A. FlashPack: fast and simple preparation of ultrahigh-performance capillary columns for LC-MS. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 18, 383\u2013390 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteomics"},{"key":"2326_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3551","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1522-2683(19991201)20:18<3551::AID-ELPS3551>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"20","author":"DN Perkins","year":"1999","unstructured":"Perkins, D. N., Pappin, D. J., Creasy, D. M. & Cottrell, J. S. Probability-based protein identification by searching sequence databases using mass spectrometry data. Electrophoresis 20, 3551\u20133567 (1999).","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"2326_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4838(98)00106-X","volume":"1387","author":"T Sonoda","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sonoda, T. et al. Rat liver phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase is activated by free Mg2+ in a manner that overcomes its inhibition by nucleotides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1387, 32\u201340 (1998).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"2326_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1211","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky869","volume":"47","author":"J Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. iProX: an integrated proteome resource. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, D1211\u2013D1217 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"2326_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D1522","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1081","volume":"50","author":"T Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, T. et al. iProX in 2021: connecting proteomics data sharing with big data. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, D1522\u2013D1527 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Nature Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-026-02326-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-026-02326-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-026-02326-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:26:30Z","timestamp":1778671590000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41564-026-02326-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2326"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41564-026-02326-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2058-5276"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2058-5276","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}