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Here we show that\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia furfur<\/jats:italic>\n                    promotes skin homeostasis by maintaining epidermal integrity via tryptophan-derived metabolites that activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a key regulator of keratinocyte differentiation and inflammation.\n                    <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n                    -derived tryptophan derivatives activated AhR in human epidermal equivalents and upregulated proteins important for skin structure and barrier activity in mouse epidermis. In a mouse model of atopic dermatitis,\n                    <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization with tryptophan supplementation reduced inflammation and restored barrier function, while a fungal mutant defective in indole production was unable to do so. Mice lacking AhR specifically in keratinocytes failed to benefit from\n                    <jats:italic>M. furfur<\/jats:italic>\n                    -mediated barrier protection. These findings establish a previously unrecognized mutualistic role for\n                    <jats:italic>Malassezia<\/jats:italic>\n                    in skin physiology and expand our understanding of the skin microbiota\u2019s influence on barrier function and immune regulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02382-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1781859767000},"page":"1934-1948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Commensal yeast Malassezia produces tryptophan metabolites to promote tissue homeostasis via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2510-9163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduardo","family":"Gushiken-Iba\u00f1ez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Stokmaier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-1609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Staropoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0683-579X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tugay","family":"Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8085-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Dietmar","family":"Beer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Vinale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3278-8678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ianiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5724-4837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"LeibundGut-Landmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2382_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2008.00786.x","volume":"17","author":"E Proksch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Proksch, E., Brandner, J. 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