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To investigate this, here we used a human liver-chimaeric mouse model to conduct a\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic cross between quinine-partially resistant and quinine-sensitive parasites. Drug profiling and quantitative trait loci analyses of 120 unique recombinant progeny mapped resistance to segments on chromosomes 7 and 12, indicating a polygenic basis. The chloroquine resistance transporter PfCRT and a structurally similar putative drug\/metabolite transporter, DMT1, were identified as primary chromosome 7 candidates based on gene-editing studies. In a proteoliposome assay, both mutant DMT1 and PfCRT transported more quinine than their wild-type isoforms. DMT1 localized to the\n                    <jats:italic>P. falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                    digestive vacuole, lipid bodies, parasitophorous vacuolar membrane and structures associated with vesicular trafficking. An ATP-dependent zinc metalloprotease (FtsH1) on chromosome 12 also modulated quinine and chloroquine resistance. We suggest that genotypic surveillance of these markers should be performed in clinical settings of quinine use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02410-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T09:02:17Z","timestamp":1783328537000},"page":"2213-2231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Identification of genetic markers of quinine partial resistance in Plasmodium 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