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Although\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    is an important mucin degrader, the role of carbohydrate sulfatases that facilitate digestion of these heavily sulfated glycans remains unclear. Combining in vitro digestion assays, proteomics and structural biology, we show that\n                    <jats:italic>A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    sulfatases, such as Amuc1755 and Amuc0953, have rare adaptations targeted towards known sulfated mucin structures. They show larger degrees of modularity, including a previously unknown mucin-binding domain. When grown on colonic mucin substrates, glycoproteins of reduced size were important for the growth of\n                    <jats:italic>A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Further mutational analysis and localization studies revealed that desulfation of\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -glucosamine was periplasmic, while desulfation of\n                    <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n                    -galactose occurred extracellularly and in the periplasm. These data improve our understanding of contexts for the positive health correlations of\n                    <jats:italic>A. muciniphila<\/jats:italic>\n                    while metabolizing colonic mucin as its sole carbon source.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02424-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T09:02:06Z","timestamp":1785142926000},"page":"2525-2542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unique adaptations in sulfatases underpin colonic mucin degradation by Akkermansia muciniphila"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Debajit","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naba D.","family":"Salman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1845-6028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles W. 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