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IFN\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th17 cells are implicated in chronic inflammation, yet their role in CF remains undefined. Here we identify two pathogenic Th17 subsets, Th1\/17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and pro-inflammatory Th17 (pTh17) cells, selectively enriched in CF lungs colonized by\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    . These pathogenic subsets derive from protective conventional Th17 (cTh17) precursors and, following activation, directly disrupt pulmonary epithelial integrity and trigger exaggerated inflammatory responses. Transcriptomic and T cell receptor profiling reveal in situ reprogramming and clonal selection of Th1\/17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and pTh17 cells in CF lungs. Mechanistically, clinical\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains persist within dendritic cells and induce a polarizing IL-1\u03b2\/IL-23 cytokine axis that promotes IFN\u03b3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    Th17 differentiation over classical Th1 lineage commitment.\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    early isolates, lacking chronic adaptation signatures, still potently reprogramme cTh17 cells, inducing a transcriptional programme that mirrors CF lung-resident Th1\/17\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and pTh17 profiles. These findings show that\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    subverts mucosal immunity and establishes a self-sustaining immunopathological loop, offering potential targets for CF precision therapies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02469-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:02:38Z","timestamp":1790240558000},"page":"3208-3223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces the generation of pathogenic IFN\u03b3+Th17 cells that promote lung damage and chronic inflammation in cystic fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9220-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Dusetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3983-4961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Chiara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Puccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Guidone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Ricciardelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Cibella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-4405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Ronzio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5346-6096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diletta","family":"Dolfini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2042-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elio","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Landini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Ascagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4113-1598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Orlandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Damarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Palleschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gramegna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2285-9970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Blasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1964-7678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Lugli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Galietta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Molin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0268-3717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helle K.","family":"Johansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7055-3629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clelia","family":"Peano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8199-3128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moira","family":"Paroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00576-6","volume":"388","author":"JS Elborn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elborn, J. 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