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Here we uncover a conserved yeast\u2013oomycete association that promotes their coexistence in the leaf microbiome. Using a continental-scale microbiome survey, we identified an asymmetric mutualistic interaction between two eukaryotic hub microbes: the yeast\n                    <jats:italic>Dioszegia hungarica<\/jats:italic>\n                    and the obligate oomycete\n                    <jats:italic>Albugo laibachii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show that\n                    <jats:italic>Dioszegia<\/jats:italic>\n                    facilitates\n                    <jats:italic>Albugo<\/jats:italic>\n                    colonization by supplying thiamine via a dedicated membrane permease, alleviating\n                    <jats:italic>Albugo<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2019s auxotrophy. Genomic and transcriptomic analyses indicate that natural selection has acted on thiamine production in\n                    <jats:italic>Dioszegia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , shaping this metabolic complementation. In planta assays further suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Albugo<\/jats:italic>\n                    presence supports\n                    <jats:italic>Dioszegia<\/jats:italic>\n                    persistence under glasshouse conditions. Our study illustrates how the evolution of nutrient cross-feeding mediates microbial coexistence and microbiome stability. Targeting microbial nutrient flows offers new strategies for engineering microbiomes and enhancing plant resilience in natural and agricultural systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-026-02499-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:02:05Z","timestamp":1791190925000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Thiamine cross-feeding drives microbial coexistence in the leaf microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6513-9834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9467-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johanna","family":"Bode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9938-9444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"G\u00f3mez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5133-8779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Alexandre","family":"Guerreiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2216-8651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1433-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinja","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4122-0037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane","family":"Kemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4383-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paloma","family":"Duran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-2041-610X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Wacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4375-0691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sven","family":"Nahnsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7194-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schwessinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8059-5638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4738-5556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Alonso-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9573-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon","family":"\u00c5gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2293-3525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Hacquard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8590-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva H.","family":"Stukenbrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-116X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Kemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2499_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2007.01139.x","volume":"11","author":"MGA van der Heijden","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Heijden, M. 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