{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T15:32:10Z","timestamp":1794670330765,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Nanotechnol."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01981-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T09:03:19Z","timestamp":1757494999000},"page":"1502-1513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Nanofibrous supramolecular peptide hydrogels for controlled release of small-molecule drugs and biologics"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1462-4442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brett H.","family":"Pogostin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0349-2880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel X.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9953-5405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Swierczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Pennington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si-Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilrasbonu","family":"Vohidova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8000-5754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin H.","family":"Seeley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anushka","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoyang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5041-4808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina H.","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3691-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arghadip","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7766-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Cabler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Veiseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric L.","family":"Nuermberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary T.","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3186-5395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Hartgerink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6801-4431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1981_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00698-w","volume":"5","author":"AM Vargason","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vargason, A. M., Anselmo, A. C. & Mitragotri, S. The evolution of commercial drug delivery technologies. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 5, 951\u2013967 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1981_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-023-00670-0","volume":"22","author":"TH Baryakova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baryakova, T. H., Pogostin, B. H., Langer, R. & McHugh, K. J. Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 22, 387\u2013409 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"1981_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s40204-020-00139-y","volume":"9","author":"E Lagreca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lagreca, E. et al. Recent advances in the formulation of PLGA microparticles for controlled drug delivery. Prog. Biomater. 9, 153\u2013174 (2020).","journal-title":"Prog. Biomater."},{"key":"1981_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00866-8","volume":"16","author":"AR Kirtane","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kirtane, A. R. et al. Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 369\u2013384 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"1981_CR5","volume":"21","author":"FP Pons-Faudoa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pons-Faudoa, F. P., Ballerini, A., Sakamoto, J. & Grattoni, A. Advanced implantable drug delivery technologies: transforming the clinical landscape of therapeutics for chronic diseases. Biomed. Microdevices 21, 47 (2019).","journal-title":"Biomed. Microdevices"},{"key":"1981_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1111\/head.13424","volume":"58","author":"EW Loder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Loder, E. W., Rayhill, M. & Burch, R. C. Safety problems with a transdermal patch for migraine: lessons from the development, approval, and marketing process. Headache 58, 1639\u20131657 (2018).","journal-title":"Headache"},{"key":"1981_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, J. & Mooney, D. J. Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 1\u201317 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"1981_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100021","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtadv.2019.100021","volume":"3","author":"JYC Lim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lim, J. Y. C., Lin, Q., Xue, K. & Loh, X. J. Recent advances in supramolecular hydrogels for biomedical applications. Mater. Today Adv. 3, 100021 (2019).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Adv."},{"key":"1981_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1039\/C4BM00448E","volume":"3","author":"R Dong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dong, R., Pang, Y., Su, Y. & Zhu, X. Supramolecular hydrogels: synthesis, properties and their biomedical applications. Biomater. Sci. 3, 937\u2013954 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"1981_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2015.238","volume":"11","author":"DJ Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith, D. J. et al. A multiphase transitioning peptide hydrogel for suturing ultrasmall vessels. Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 95\u2013102 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"1981_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00961-w","volume":"16","author":"P Majumder","year":"2021","unstructured":"Majumder, P. et al. Surface-fill hydrogel attenuates the oncogenic signature of complex anatomical surface cancer in a single application. Nat. Nanotechnol. 16, 1251\u20131259 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"1981_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1039\/b919449p","volume":"39","author":"C Yan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yan, C. & Pochan, D. J. Rheological properties of peptide-based hydrogels for biomedical and other applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 39, 3528\u20133540 (2010).","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"1981_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41536-020-00116-w","volume":"6","author":"F Gelain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gelain, F., Luo, Z., Rioult, M. & Zhang, S. Self-assembling peptide scaffolds in the clinic. npj Regen. Med. 6, 1\u20138 (2021).","journal-title":"npj Regen. Med."},{"key":"1981_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-33464-w","volume":"13","author":"M Dzier\u017cy\u0144ska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dzier\u017cy\u0144ska, M. et al. Release systems based on self-assembling RADA16-I hydrogels with a signal sequence which improves wound healing processes. Sci. Rep. 13, 6273 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1981_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.010","volume":"174","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Ai, S., Yang, Z. & Li, X. Peptide-based supramolecular hydrogels for local drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 174, 482\u2013503 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"1981_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3131","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b00781","volume":"18","author":"MS Rehmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rehmann, M. S. et al. Tuning and predicting mesh size and protein release from step growth hydrogels. Biomacromolecules 18, 3131\u20133142 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"1981_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.6b00553","volume":"50","author":"AN Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore, A. N. & Hartgerink, J. D. Self-assembling multidomain peptide nanofibers for delivery of bioactive molecules and tissue regeneration. Acc. Chem. Res. 50, 714\u2013722 (2017).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"1981_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2018.01.033","volume":"161","author":"AN Moore","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moore, A. N. et al. Nanofibrous peptide hydrogel elicits angiogenesis and neurogenesis without drugs, proteins, or cells. Biomaterials 161, 154\u2013163 (2018).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1981_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.2c00461","volume":"34","author":"BH Pogostin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pogostin, B. H. et al. Dynamic imine bonding facilitates mannan release from a nanofibrous peptide hydrogel. Bioconjug. Chem. 34, 193\u2013203 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"1981_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6217","DOI":"10.1039\/D2BM01242A","volume":"10","author":"BH Pogostin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pogostin, B. H. et al. Multidomain peptide hydrogel adjuvants elicit strong bias towards humoral immunity. Biomater. Sci. 10, 6217\u20136229 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"1981_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4823","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5b01549","volume":"137","author":"VA Kumar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kumar, V. A. et al. Drug-triggered and cross-linked self-assembling nanofibrous hydrogels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 4823\u20134830 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1981_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3377","DOI":"10.1002\/psc.3377","volume":"28","author":"M Nambiar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nambiar, M. & Schneider, J. P. Peptide hydrogels for affinity-controlled release of therapeutic cargo: current and potential strategies. J. Pept. Sci. 28, e3377 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Pept. Sci."},{"key":"1981_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26896-3","volume":"12","author":"A Yaguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yaguchi, A. et al. Efficient protein incorporation and release by a jigsaw-shaped self-assembling peptide hydrogel for injured brain regeneration. Nat. Commun. 12, 6623 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1981_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00793-y","volume":"5","author":"T Ji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ji, T. et al. Delivery of local anaesthetics by a self-assembled supramolecular system mimicking their interactions with a sodium channel. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 5, 1099\u20131109 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1981_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.8b00591","volume":"52","author":"S Ulrich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ulrich, S. Growing prospects of dynamic covalent chemistry in delivery applications. Acc. Chem. Res. 52, 510\u2013519 (2019).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"1981_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3108","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.9b00292","volume":"52","author":"A Stubelius","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stubelius, A., Lee, S. & Almutairi, A. The chemistry of boronic acids in nanomaterials for drug delivery. Acc. Chem. Res. 52, 3108\u20133119 (2019).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"1981_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112270","volume":"195","author":"J Plescia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Plescia, J. & Moitessier, N. Design and discovery of boronic acid drugs. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 195, 112270 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"1981_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220084","DOI":"10.1080\/14756366.2023.2220084","volume":"38","author":"MK Al-Omari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Al-Omari, M. K. et al. Organoboronic acids\/esters as effective drug and prodrug candidates in cancer treatments: challenge and hope. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 38, 2220084 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem."},{"key":"1981_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3033917","volume":"85","author":"C L\u00fc","year":"2013","unstructured":"L\u00fc, C., Li, H., Wang, H. & Liu, Z. Probing the interactions between boronic acids and cis-diol-containing biomolecules by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Chem. 85, 2361\u20132369 (2013).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1981_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040842","volume":"14","author":"M Gosecki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gosecki, M. & Gosecka, M. Boronic acid esters and anhydrates as dynamic cross-links in vitrimers. Polymers 14, 842 (2022).","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"1981_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17863","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02999","volume":"3","author":"WLA Brooks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brooks, W. L. A., Deng, C. C. & Sumerlin, B. S. Structure-reactivity relationships in boronic acid-diol complexation. ACS Omega 3, 17863\u201317870 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"1981_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-4020(02)00489-1","volume":"58","author":"G Springsteen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Springsteen, G. & Wang, B. A detailed examination of boronic acid\u2013diol complexation. Tetrahedron 58, 5291\u20135300 (2002).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1981_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Kerszulis, J. A., Clark, R. J., Ye, T. & Zhu, L. Catechol boronate formation and its electrochemical oxidation. Chem. Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/B900016J (2009).","DOI":"10.1039\/B900016J"},{"key":"1981_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2393","DOI":"10.1039\/b007187k","volume":"23","author":"SM Strawbridge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Strawbridge, S. M., Green, S. J. & Tucker, J. H. R. Electrochemical detection of catechol and dopamine as their phenylboronate ester derivatives. Chem. Commun. 23, 2393\u20132394 (2000).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"1981_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013691118","volume":"118","author":"BJ Graham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Graham, B. J., Windsor, I. W., Gold, B. & Raines, R. T. Boronic acid with high oxidative stability and utility in biological contexts. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2013691118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1981_CR36","volume":"11","author":"J Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang, J., Saggiomo, V., Velders, A. H., Stuart, M. A. C. & Kamperman, M. Reaction pathways in catechol\/primary amine mixtures: a window on crosslinking chemistry. PLoS ONE 11, e0166490 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1981_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.09.044","volume":"64","author":"F Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao, F. et al. An injectable particle-hydrogel hybrid system for glucose-regulatory insulin delivery. Acta Biomater. 64, 334\u2013345 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"1981_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201402061","volume":"9","author":"M Arzt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arzt, M., Seidler, C., Ng, D. Y. W. & Weil, T. Reversible click reactions with boronic acids to build supramolecular architectures in water. Chem. Asian J. 9, 1994\u20132003 (2014).","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"1981_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1021\/bc0000942","volume":"12","author":"ML Stolowitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stolowitz, M. L. et al. Phenylboronic acid\u2212salicylhydroxamic acid bioconjugates. 1. A novel boronic acid complex for protein immobilization. Bioconjug. Chem. 12, 229\u2013239 (2001).","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"1981_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2694","DOI":"10.1021\/bm900634x","volume":"10","author":"L Aulisa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aulisa, L., Dong, H. & Hartgerink, J. D. Self-assembly of multidomain peptides: sequence variation allows control over cross-linking and viscoelasticity. Biomacromolecules 10, 2694\u20132698 (2009).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"1981_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/s41429-020-0291-8","volume":"73","author":"MS Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler, M. S. & Paterson, D. L. Antibiotics in the clinical pipeline in October 2019. J. Antibiot. 73, 329\u2013364 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"1981_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12010051","volume":"12","author":"J Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, J., Zhao, R., Jiang, X., Li, Z. & Zhang, B. Progress on the application of bortezomib and bortezomib-based nanoformulations. Biomolecules 12, 51 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"1981_CR43","first-page":"421","volume":"17","author":"M Bili\u0144ska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bili\u0144ska, M., Usnarska-Zubkiewicz, L. & Pokryszko-Dragan, A. Bortezomib-induced painful neuropathy in patients with multiple myeloma. Contemp. Oncol. 17, 421\u2013426 (2013).","journal-title":"Contemp. Oncol."},{"key":"1981_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2022.140600","volume":"455","author":"Y Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu, Y. et al. Subcutaneous injection of a bortezomib-loaded thermosensitive hydrogel for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Chem. Eng. J. 455, 140600 (2023).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"1981_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-008-9107-6","volume":"26","author":"K Wiberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wiberg, K. et al. In vitro activity of bortezomib in cultures of patient tumour cells\u2014potential utility in haematological malignancies. Med. Oncol. 26, 193\u2013201 (2009).","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"1981_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-018-0679-9","volume":"58","author":"CRC Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan, C. R. C., Abdul-Majeed, S., Cael, B. & Barta, S. K. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bortezomib. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 58, 157\u2013168 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"1981_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.2217\/imt-2023-0018","volume":"15","author":"VM Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, V. M., Arch, R. H., Canton, D. A. & Zhang, J. Intratumoral delivery of immune therapy and gene therapy: the next era for cancer therapy. Immunotherapy 15, 853\u2013865 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunotherapy"},{"key":"1981_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3234","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-09-0239","volume":"8","author":"MJ Williamson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williamson, M. J. et al. The relationship among tumor architecture, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and efficacy of bortezomib in mouse xenograft models. Mol. Cancer Ther. 8, 3234\u20133243 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"1981_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.19.0754","volume":"24","author":"RA Chimeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chimeh, R. A. et al. Clinical and economic impact of medication non-adherence in drug-susceptible tuberculosis: a systematic review. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 24, 811\u2013819 (2020).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"1981_CR50","first-page":"1235","volume":"12","author":"Y Hirsch-Moverman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hirsch-Moverman, Y., Daftary, A., Franks, J. & Colson, P. W. Adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection: systematic review of studies in the US and Canada. Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 12, 1235\u20131254 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis."},{"key":"1981_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00240-19","volume":"63","author":"D Tenero","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tenero, D. et al. First-time-in-human study and prediction of early bactericidal activity for GSK3036656, a potent leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor for tuberculosis treatment. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 63, e00240-19 (2019).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"1981_CR52","volume":"231","author":"TL Lopez-Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lopez-Silva, T. L. et al. Chemical functionality of multidomain peptide hydrogels governs early host immune response. Biomaterials 231, 119667 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1981_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-015-9447-8","volume":"42","author":"DK Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah, D. K. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations for the next generation protein therapeutics. J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. 42, 553\u2013571 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn."},{"key":"1981_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103677","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103677","volume":"9","author":"S Correa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Correa, S. et al. Injectable nanoparticle-based hydrogels enable the safe and effective deployment of immunostimulatory CD40 agonist antibodies. Adv. Sci. 9, 2103677 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1981_CR55","volume":"13","author":"J Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Thermosensitive hydrogel releasing nitric oxide donor and anti-CTLA-4 micelles for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Nat. Commun. 13, 1479 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1981_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01138-7","volume":"8","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. Week-long norm glycaemia in diabetic mice and minipigs via a subcutaneous dose of a glucose-responsive insulin complex. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 8, 1214\u20131225 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1981_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1424684112","volume":"112","author":"DH-C Chou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chou, D. H.-C. et al. Glucose-responsive insulin activity by covalent modification with aliphatic phenylboronic acid conjugates. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 2401\u20132406 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1981_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0508-y","volume":"4","author":"J Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Glucose-responsive insulin patch for the regulation of blood glucose in mice and minipigs. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 4, 499\u2013506 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1981_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2024.02.022","volume":"14","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng, Z. et al. Di-PEGylated insulin: a long-acting insulin conjugate with superior safety in reducing hypoglycemic events. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 14, 2761\u20132772 (2024).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"1981_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2021.122905","volume":"1181","author":"Z-X Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, Z.-X., Yang, F., van den Anker, J. N., Zheng, Y. & Zhao, W. A simplified method for bortezomib determination using dried blood spots in combination with liquid chromatography\/tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 1181, 122905 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"key":"1981_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10928-014-9352-6","volume":"41","author":"JM Harrold","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harrold, J. M. & Abraham, A. K. Ubiquity: a framework for physiological\/mechanism-based pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model development and deployment. J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn. 41, 141\u2013151 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn."}],"container-title":["Nature Nanotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-025-01981-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-025-01981-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-025-01981-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T16:08:30Z","timestamp":1760717310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41565-025-01981-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1981"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41565-025-01981-6","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2024.05.21.595134","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1748-3387","1748-3395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-3387","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-3395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"B.H.P., M.J.S., Z.T.B., J.D.H. and K.J.M. are co-inventors on a patent related to dynamic covalent bonding to MDPs described here. K.J.M. has received research funding support from Nanocan Therapeutics and serves as a paid consultant for the company. His work in those roles is unrelated to the content described herein. E.L.N. and S-.Y.L. received research funding support from Janssen in the past 2 years. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}