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Photon."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The breaking and enforcing of symmetries is a crucial ingredient in designing topologically robust materials. In electronic and microwave systems, magnetic fields can break time-reversal symmetry to create Chern insulators. By contrast, at optical frequencies, natural materials cannot respond to magnetic fields, which presents a challenge for the scalable exploitation of topologically enhanced devices. Here we leverage the natural geometry of fibre to build a scalable photonic Chern insulator by twisting the fibre during fabrication. The twist inside optical fibre breaks an effective time-reversal symmetry and induces a pseudo-magnetic field, which we observe via photonic Landau levels. Unavoidably, this twist introduces a competing topology-destroying effect through a parabolic profile in the effective refractive index. Using simulations to guide experimental materials design, we discover the \u2018Goldilocks\u2019 regime where the real-space Chern invariant survives, guaranteeing topological protection against fabrication-induced disorder of any symmetry class.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41566-026-01848-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T10:03:26Z","timestamp":1771581806000},"page":"324-331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Twisted optical fibres as photonic topological insulators"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2258-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7462-0587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brook","family":"Salter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4880-0942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Binysh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5523-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7735-100X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Souslov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1848_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3045","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.82.3045","volume":"82","author":"MZ Hasan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hasan, M. 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