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S.E.B. is in part-time employment with ZOE Ltd and receives options from ZOE Ltd.\u00a0J.D.B. is a co-founder of Switchpoint bio, is on the scientific advisory board for seqWell, and is a consultant at the Treehouse Family Foundation.\u00a0C.H. is on the scientific advisory boards of Seres Therapeutics, Empress Therapeutics, and ZOE Nutrition. N.S. is consultant to and receives options with ZOE Ltd, is a co-founder and shareholder of PreBiomics S.r.l., and serves as a consultant or scientific advisory board member for Freya Biosciences, Alia Therapeutics, and Roche.\u00a0T.D.S. is co-founder of Gut Health Science company ZOE Ltd and holds equity.\u00a0\u00d6.H.Y.\u00a0owns equity in and serves on the scientific advisory boards of Ava Bioscience and Jumble Therapeutics. A.T.C. provided consultancy services to Pfizer Inc. and expert testimony to Boehringer Ingelheim for work outside the manuscript. A.T.C. reports receiving research support from Freenome Holdings for work outside the manuscript. Y.C. provided consultancy services to Need and Bayer for work outside the manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}