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E.S. has a scientific cooperation with Euroimmun and holds patents with them that are not related to BP. E.S. also has scientific cooperations with Biotest, ArgenX, Fresenius Medical Care, AstraZeneca, Dompe and Sanofi, and has received honoraria from ArgenX, Fresenius Medical Care, Sanofi, Leo, Chugai and Almirall. A.P. has served as an investigator, advisory board member and speaker for AbbVie, Amgen, ArgenX, AstraZeneca, Jannsen, GenesisPharma SA, GSK, Leo, \u039d\u03bfvartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Lilly and UCB. Y.L.L. is Secretary-General for the World Congress of Dermatology (WCD) 2023 in Singapore and a member of the Scientific Program Committee for the WCD2023, ILDS. She is also on the ad hoc advisory board for Sanofi at WCD2023 (honorarium paid to National Skin Centre, Singapore.). K.T. received an educational grant from Novartis and honoraria from Takeda. J.Y. is a consultant for Zenyaku Kogyo and Ono Pharma. D.D. is secretary of the International Pemphigus and Pemphigoid Conference, Chandigarh (2024). He is investigator for ArgenX (Pemphigus trial, now completed). A.R.G.C. is an author for UpToDate (with honorarium) and site principal investigator for Pfizer and Daiichi Sankyo, both for phase II studies related to lupus. She will be paid an honorarium by Elsevier for a review (DRESS syndrome). She is also secretary-treasurer of the Medical Dermatology Society,\u00a0on the board of directors\u00a0for the Society for Dermatology Hospitalists and is\u00a0a Member of the Scientific Committee\u00a0for the Society for Investigative Dermatology. P.J. is consultant for Amgen, ArgenX, AstraZeneca, Thermofisher, Sanofi, Akari, Janssen, Novartis, Servier, Chugai, Kezar Life Science, Regeneron, UCB, Principabio, Zenyaku Kogyo, Dualyx, Amgen and JJP Biologics. D.F.M.\u00a0is an author for UptoDate for BP,\u00a0has scientific cooperations and advisory roles in the field of eczema with Sanofi, AbbVie, Arena, Attovia, Incyte, Leo, Lilly, Galderma, Dermira, Pfizer, BMS, Kineska, Fujisawa, Novartis and Evelo. In the area of blistering diseases, she has scientific cooperations and advisory roles with ArgenX, Sanofi Regeneron, Principia, Janssen, Lilly, Ono, Almirall, RAPT and Roche. She is creator of the ABQOL\/TABQOL and co-creator of the BPDAI. A.M. and M.D. declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"12"}}