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M.H.C. has been a consultant for Apogee, Alimentiv, Arena\/Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Calypso Biotech, EsoCap Biotech, GSK, Receptos\/Celgene\/Bristol Myers Squibb, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi and Shire\/Takeda. A.J.L. has been a consultant for Dr. Falk Pharma, Sanofi\/Regeneron, Pfizer and EsoCap Biotech. M.V.L. has received speaking fees from Takeda, Abbvie, Pfizer, Sanofi and Ferring; travel grants for participation in congresses from Takeda and Abbvie; and research grants from Takeda (2016) and Janssen (2020). A.D.S. has received speaking fees from Alfasigma, Sanofi and Johnson & Johnson; and travel grants for participation in congresses from Alfasigma. C.M.R. has received speaking fees from Sanofi and GSK. E.V.S. reports grants or contracts from Bonollo, Difass, Pfizer, Reckitt Benckiser, Sanofi\/Regeneron, SILA, Unifarco and Zeta Farmaceutici; consulting fees from AbbVie, Alfasigma, Apogee, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celltrion, Dr Falk\u00a0Pharma, Eli Lilly, Fenix Pharma, Ferring, Giuliani, Gr\u00fcnenthal, Johnson & Johnson, JB Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Nestl\u00e9, Pfizer, PRO.MED.CS Praha, Reckitt Benckiser, Recordati, Sanofi\/Regeneron, SILA, Takeda and Unifarco; and payment or honoraria for lectures, and presentations, speakers\u2019 bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AbbVie, Aboca, Abivax, Agave, AGPharma, Alfasigma, Apoteca, Biosline, CaDiGroup, Celltrion, Dr Falk\u00a0Pharma, EG Stada Group, Eli Lilly, Fenix Pharma, Galapagos, Giuliani, Johnson & Johnson, JB Pharmaceuticals, Innovamedica\/Adacyte, Lionhealth, Malesci, Mayoly Biohealth, Montefarmaco, Novartis, Omega Pharma, Pfizer, Rafa, Reckitt Benckiser, Recordati, Sandoz, Sanofi\/Regeneron, SILA, Takeda, Tillotts and Unifarco. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"47"}}