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R.P. reports grants from MicuRx Pharmaceuticals and ImmuCell. R.P. is a consultant to PhAST, Iterum Therapeutics, DEEPULL DIAGNOSTICS, Claryx, Inc., Nostics and CARB-X. In addition, R.P. has a patent on\n                      Bordetella pertussis\/parapertussis\n                      PCR issued, a patent on a device\/method for sonication, a patent on PET imaging of bacterial infection with a PET probe filed, and a patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued. R.P. receives honoraria from Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course. M.M.C.L. was site principal investigator for the E.MBRACE ExPEC9V phase III vaccine trial during the conduct of the study (Janssen Pharmaceuticals). L.G.M. reports grants to his institution from Armata, AstraZeneca, Paratek, Macrobiologics, Synairgen and Vendanta. H.A.K. is also supported by the Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (CIN 13-410) at the Durham VA Health Care System. Unrelated to the present work, H.A.K. reports grants or contracts to her institution from Veterans Affairs, National Institutes of Health and Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. She serves on the editorial advisory board for JAC-AMR. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"53"}}