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A.S. has served on advisory boards for Gemelli Biotech\u00a0and Salix Pharmaceuticals; has served as an advisoer or consultant for Ardelyx, Medis Labs, ModernGut and Peterson Health Technology Institute; and is a member of the Rome V Bowel Disorders committee. G.B. has consultancies, business interests or sources of honoraria payments from Aboca, AB Biotics, Agave, AlfaSigma, AGPharma, Bayer, Biocodex, Boeringer, Bromatech, Cadigroup, Danone, Diadema, Falk Pharma, GE Healthcare, Giuliani, Mayoly, Malesci, Sanofy, Sofar and Yakult. S.B. has received research funding from Eli Lilly. E.A.M. has served as a member of scientific advisory board with stock options of Pendulum, Bloom Science, Melius MMB, Tiny Health, Ginger, Salvo, Seed and One Bio. 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