{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T00:23:39Z","timestamp":1793665419131,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632355200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Paracetamol (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    -acetyl-\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -aminophenol (APAP), otherwise known as acetaminophen) is the active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever. APAP is widely used by pregnant women as governmental agencies, including the FDA and EMA, have long considered APAP appropriate for use during pregnancy when used as directed. However, increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to APAP might alter fetal development, which could increase the risks of some neurodevelopmental, reproductive and urogenital disorders. Here we summarize this evidence and call for precautionary action through a focused research effort and by increasing awareness among health professionals and pregnant women. APAP is an important medication and alternatives for treatment of high fever and severe pain are limited. We recommend that pregnant women should be cautioned at the beginning of pregnancy to: forego APAP unless its\u00a0use is medically indicated; consult with a physician or pharmacist if they are uncertain whether use is indicated and before using on a long-term basis; and minimize exposure by using the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible time. We suggest specific actions to implement these recommendations. This Consensus Statement reflects our concerns and is currently supported by 91 scientists, clinicians and public health professionals from across the globe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00553-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]],"date-time":"2021-09-23T12:43:47Z","timestamp":1632401027000},"page":"757-766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":222,"title":["Paracetamol use during pregnancy \u2014 a call for precautionary action"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Ann Z.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanna H.","family":"Swan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Kriebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyan","family":"Liew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh S.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl-Gustaf","family":"Bornehag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5199-2810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson M.","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rn","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6433-5887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rigmor H.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rod T.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niels E.","family":"Skakkebaek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"J\u00e9gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"553_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"032001","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2478","volume":"126","author":"L Konkel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Konkel, L. Reproductive headache? Investigating acetaminophen as a potential endocrine disruptor. Environ. Health Perspect. 126, 032001 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"553_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.55","volume":"12","author":"DM Kristensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kristensen, D. M. et al. Analgesic use \u2013 prevalence, biomonitoring and endocrine and reproductive effects. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 12, 381\u2013393 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"553_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2018.01.003","volume":"101","author":"AZ Bauer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bauer, A. Z., Kriebel, D., Herbert, M. R., Bornehag, C.-G. & Swan, S. H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a review. Horm. Behav. 101, 125\u2013147 (2018).","journal-title":"Horm. Behav."},{"key":"553_CR4","unstructured":"Markets and Research. Global Acetaminophen Market 2020 by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application, Forecast to 2026. Marketsandresearch.biz https:\/\/www.marketsandresearch.biz\/report\/43101\/global-acetaminophen-market-2020-by-manufacturers-regions-type-and-application-forecast-to-2026 (2020)."},{"key":"553_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20948","volume":"42","author":"AM Larson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Larson, A. M. et al. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 42, 1364\u20131372 (2005).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"553_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i4.125","volume":"12","author":"L Rotundo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rotundo, L. & Pyrsopoulos, N. Liver injury induced by paracetamol and challenges associated with intentional and unintentional use. World J. Hepatol. 12, 125\u2013136 (2020).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"553_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.5223\/pghn.2020.23.6.501","volume":"23","author":"G Berardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berardi, G., Tuckfield, L., DelVecchio, M. T. & Aronoff, S. Differential diagnosis of acute liver failure in children: a systematic review. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr. 23, 501\u2013510 (2020).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. Nutr."},{"key":"553_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.14642","volume":"87","author":"J Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, J., Chiew, A. L., Isbister, G. K. & Duffull, S. B. Sulfate conjugation may be the key to hepatotoxicity in paracetamol overdose. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 87, 2392\u20132396 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"553_CR9","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communications: FDA has reviewed possible risks of pain medicine use during pregnancy. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/90209\/download (2015)."},{"key":"553_CR10","unstructured":"European Medicines Agency. PRAC recommendations on signals: adopted at the 12\u201315 March 2019 PRAC meeting. https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/documents\/prac-recommendation\/prac-recommendations-signals-adopted-12-15-march-2019-prac-meeting_en.pdf (2019)."},{"key":"553_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-0811","volume":"144","author":"B Zablotsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zablotsky, B. et al. Prevalence and trends of developmental disabilities among children in the US: 2009\u20132017. Pediatrics 144, e20190811 (2019).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"553_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12673","volume":"7","author":"C De Jonge","year":"2019","unstructured":"De Jonge, C. & Barratt, C. L. R. The present crisis in male reproductive health: an urgent need for a political, social, and research roadmap. Andrology 7, 762\u2013768 (2019).","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"553_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015","volume":"96","author":"NE Skakkebaek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Skakkebaek, N. E. et al. Male reproductive disorders and fertility trends: influences of environment and genetic susceptibility. Physiol. Rev. 96, 55\u201397 (2016).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"553_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx022","volume":"23","author":"H Levine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Levine, H. et al. Temporal trends in sperm count: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update 23, 646\u2013659 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"553_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12410","volume":"45","author":"M Weatherall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weatherall, M., Ioannides, S., Braithwaite, I. & Beasley, R. The association between paracetamol use and asthma: causation or coincidence? Clin. Exp. Allergy 45, 108\u2013113 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"553_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aller.2016.10.014","volume":"45","author":"G Fan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fan, G., Wang, B., Liu, C. & Li, D. Prenatal paracetamol use and asthma in childhood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergol. Immunopathol. 45, 528\u2013533 (2017).","journal-title":"Allergol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"553_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303043","volume":"100","author":"M Cheelo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cheelo, M. et al. Paracetamol exposure in pregnancy and early childhood and development of childhood asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch. Dis. Child. 100, 81\u201389 (2015).","journal-title":"Arch. Dis. Child."},{"key":"553_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.02.100","volume":"193","author":"MM Werler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Werler, M. M., Mitchell, A. A., Hernandez-Diaz, S. & Honein, M. A. Use of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 193, 771\u2013777 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"553_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12632","volume":"34","author":"AD Bertoldi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bertoldi, A. D. et al. Associations of acetaminophen use during pregnancy and the first year of life with neurodevelopment in early childhood. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 267\u2013277 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR20","first-page":"548","volume":"90","author":"J Servey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Servey, J. & Chang, J. Over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. Am. Fam. Physician 90, 548\u2013555 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Physician"},{"key":"553_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy086","volume":"187","author":"R Masarwa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masarwa, R. et al. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autistic spectrum disorder: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression analysis of cohort studies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 187, 1817\u20131827 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2018.06.002","volume":"219","author":"D-K Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, D.-K., Ferber, J. R., Odouli, R. & Quesenberry, C. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 219, 275.e1\u2013275.e8 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"553_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612825666190321110420","volume":"25","author":"M Ceulemans","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ceulemans, M. et al. Women\u2019s beliefs about medicines and adherence to pharmacotherapy in pregnancy: opportunities for community pharmacists. Curr. Pharm. Des. 25, 469\u2013482 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"553_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deq323","volume":"26","author":"DM Kristensen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kristensen, D. M. et al. Intrauterine exposure to mild analgesics is a risk factor for development of male reproductive disorders in human and rat. Hum. Reprod. 26, 235\u2013244 (2011).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1111\/papr.12814","volume":"19","author":"E Black","year":"2019","unstructured":"Black, E. et al. Medication use and pain management in pregnancy: a critical review. Pain. Pract. 19, 875\u2013899 (2019).","journal-title":"Pain. Pract."},{"key":"553_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2175","volume":"12","author":"LA Croen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Croen, L. A. et al. Infection and fever in pregnancy and autism spectrum disorders: findings from the study to explore early development. Autism Res. 12, 1551\u20131561 (2019).","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"553_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45920-7","volume":"9","author":"K Gustavson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gustavson, K. et al. Maternal fever during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci. Rep. 9, 9519 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"553_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1841","volume":"10","author":"M Brucato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brucato, M. et al. Prenatal exposure to fever is associated with autism spectrum disorder in the Boston Birth Cohort. Autism Res. 10, 1878\u20131890 (2017).","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"553_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0582-3","volume":"76","author":"B K\u00e4ll\u00e9n","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00e4ll\u00e9n, B. & Reis, M. Ongoing pharmacological management of chronic pain in pregnancy. Drugs 76, 915\u2013924 (2016).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"553_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e674","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-3205","volume":"133","author":"JW Dreier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dreier, J. W., Andersen, A.-M. N. & Berg-Beckhoff, G. Systematic review and meta-analyses: fever in pregnancy and health impacts in the offspring. Pediatrics 133, e674\u2013e688 (2014).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"553_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-017-1585-0","volume":"17","author":"L Sass","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sass, L. et al. Fever in pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformations: a cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 17, 413 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"553_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1696","volume":"112","author":"JMJ Graham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graham, J. M. J. Update on the gestational effects of maternal hyperthermia. Birth Defects Res. 112, 943\u2013952 (2020).","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res."},{"key":"553_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20342","volume":"79","author":"Z Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Maternal flu or fever, medication use, and neural tube defects: a population-based case-control study in Northern China. Birth. Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol. 79, 295\u2013300 (2007).","journal-title":"Birth. Defects Res. A. Clin. Mol. Teratol."},{"key":"553_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-013-2305-3","volume":"30","author":"M Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, M., Wang, Z.-P., Gong, R. & Zhao, Z.-T. Maternal flu or fever, medications use in the first trimester and the risk for neural tube defects: a hospital-based case-control study in China. Childs Nerv. Syst. 30, 665\u2013671 (2014).","journal-title":"Childs Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"553_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12595","volume":"34","author":"G Bandoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bandoli, G., Palmsten, K. & Chambers, C. Acetaminophen use in pregnancy: examining prevalence, timing, and indication of use in a prospective birth cohort. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 237\u2013246 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR36","first-page":"CD012230","volume":"2016","author":"BT Saragiotto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saragiotto, B. T. et al. Paracetamol for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016, CD012230 (2016).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"553_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12685","volume":"21","author":"S Jefferies","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jefferies, S. et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect of regular paracetamol on influenza infection. Respirology 21, 370\u2013377 (2016).","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"553_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12527","volume":"118","author":"ZN Ennis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ennis, Z. N., Dideriksen, D., Vaegter, H. B., Handberg, G. & Potteg\u00e5rd, A. Acetaminophen for chronic pain: a systematic review on efficacy. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 118, 184\u2013189 (2016).","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"553_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2014.19.7.335","volume":"19","author":"L Nazarko","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nazarko, L. Does paracetamol help or hinder healing in bacterial infections? Br. J. Community Nurs. 19, 335\u2013339 (2014).","journal-title":"Br. J. Community Nurs."},{"key":"553_CR40","first-page":"CD013273","volume":"2","author":"AO Leopoldino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leopoldino, A. O. et al. Paracetamol versus placebo for knee and hip osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD013273 (2019).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"553_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2017.1384812","volume":"16","author":"J Olsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olsen, J. & Liew, Z. Fetal programming of mental health by acetaminophen? Response to the SMFM statement: prenatal acetaminophen use and ADHD. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 16, 1395\u20131398 (2017).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"553_CR42","first-page":"CD011889","volume":"2016","author":"G Stephens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stephens, G., Derry, S. & Moore, R. A. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) for acute treatment of episodic tension-type headache in adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2016, CD011889 (2016).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"553_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.1383","volume":"23","author":"IMS Engelstoft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engelstoft, I. M. S. et al. Complete withdrawal is the most feasible treatment for medication-overuse headache: a randomized controlled open-label trial. Eur. J. Pain. 23, 1162\u20131170 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pain."},{"key":"553_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102414521508","volume":"34","author":"C Tassorelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tassorelli, C. et al. A consensus protocol for the management of medication-overuse headache: evaluation in a multicentric, multinational study. Cephalalgia Int. J. Headache 34, 645\u2013655 (2014).","journal-title":"Cephalalgia Int. J. Headache"},{"key":"553_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-009-0744-2","volume":"66","author":"H Nordeng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nordeng, H., Ystr\u00f8m, E. & Einarson, A. Perception of risk regarding the use of medications and other exposures during pregnancy. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 66, 207\u2013214 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"553_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-004365","volume":"4","author":"A Lupattelli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lupattelli, A. et al. Medication use in pregnancy: a cross-sectional, multinational web-based study. BMJ Open 4, e004365 (2014).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"553_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A118","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP358","volume":"124","author":"D Bennett","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bennett, D. et al. Project TENDR: targeting environmental neuro-developmental risks the TENDR consensus statement. Environ. Health Perspect. 124, A118\u2013A122 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"553_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858420952046","author":"HA Wilson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wilson, H. A., Creighton, C., Scharfman, H., Choleris, E. & MacLusky, N. J. Endocrine insights into the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscientist https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073858420952046 (2020).","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"553_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.55.6.895","volume":"55","author":"G Levy","year":"1975","unstructured":"Levy, G., Garrettson, L. K. & Soda, D. M. Letter: evidence of placental transfer of acetaminophen. Pediatrics 55, 895 (1975).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"553_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.20078.1","volume":"8","author":"L Koehn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koehn, L., Habgood, M., Huang, Y., Dziegielewska, K. & Saunders, N. Determinants of drug entry into the developing brain. F1000Research 8, 1372 (2019).","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"553_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa042","volume":"27","author":"A Zafeiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zafeiri, A., Mitchell, R. T., Hay, D. C. & Fowler, P. A. Over-the-counter analgesics during pregnancy: a comprehensive review of global prevalence and offspring safety. Hum. Reprod. Update 27, 67\u201395 (2021).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"553_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00799-5","volume":"59","author":"P Mian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mian, P. et al. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to characterize acetaminophen pharmacokinetics and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) formation in non-pregnant and pregnant women. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 59, 97\u2013110 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"553_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-013-0172-x","volume":"21","author":"GG Graham","year":"2013","unstructured":"Graham, G. G., Davies, M. J., Day, R. O., Mohamudally, A. & Scott, K. F. The modern pharmacology of paracetamol: therapeutic actions, mechanism of action, metabolism, toxicity and recent pharmacological findings. Inflammopharmacology 21, 201\u2013232 (2013).","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"553_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100403","volume":"84","author":"G Pickering","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pickering, G., Est\u00e8ve, V., Loriot, M.-A., Eschalier, A. & Dubray, C. Acetaminophen reinforces descending inhibitory pain pathways. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 84, 47\u201351 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"553_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31405","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501489200","volume":"280","author":"ED H\u00f6gest\u00e4tt","year":"2005","unstructured":"H\u00f6gest\u00e4tt, E. D. et al. Conversion of acetaminophen to the bioactive N-acylphenolamine AM404 via fatty acid amide hydrolase-dependent arachidonic acid conjugation in the nervous system. J. Biol. Chem. 280, 31405\u201331412 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"553_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1559","volume":"2","author":"DA Andersson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andersson, D. A. et al. TRPA1 mediates spinal antinociception induced by acetaminophen and the cannabinoid \u0394(9)-tetrahydrocannabiorcol. Nat. Commun. 2, 551 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"553_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1254","volume":"7","author":"SK Amateau","year":"2004","unstructured":"Amateau, S. K. & McCarthy, M. M. Induction of PGE2 by estradiol mediates developmental masculinization of sex behavior. Nat. Neurosci. 7, 643\u2013650 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"553_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.5.1155","volume":"129","author":"IR Adams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adams, I. R. & McLaren, A. Sexually dimorphic development of mouse primordial germ cells: switching from oogenesis to spermatogenesis. Development 129, 1155\u20131164 (2002).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"553_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80402-X","volume":"91","author":"H Lim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lim, H. et al. Multiple female reproductive failures in cyclooxygenase 2-deficient mice. Cell 91, 197\u2013208 (1997).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"553_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.13778","volume":"85","author":"K Allegaert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allegaert, K., Mian, P., Lapillonne, A. & van den Anker, J. N. Maternal paracetamol intake and fetal ductus arteriosus constriction or closure: a case series analysis. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 85, 245\u2013251 (2019).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"553_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.033","volume":"28","author":"IV Cohen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cohen, I. V. et al. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) use modifies the sulfation of sex hormones. EBioMedicine 28, 316\u2013323 (2018).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"553_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.04.011","volume":"38","author":"GG Gould","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gould, G. G. et al. Acetaminophen differentially enhances social behavior and cortical cannabinoid levels in inbred mice. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry 38, 260\u2013269 (2012).","journal-title":"Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.05.022","volume":"294","author":"I Klopcic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klopcic, I., Markovic, T., Mlinaric-Rascan, I. & Sollner Dolenc, M. Endocrine disrupting activities and immunomodulatory effects in lymphoblastoid cell lines of diclofenac, 4-hydroxydiclofenac and paracetamol. Toxicol. Lett. 294, 95\u2013104 (2018).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"553_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv179","volume":"148","author":"JB Holm","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holm, J. B. et al. Aniline is rapidly converted into paracetamol impairing male reproductive development. Toxicol. Sci. 148, 288\u2013298 (2015).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaa160","volume":"179","author":"KA Addo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Addo, K. A., Palakodety, N. & Fry, R. C. Acetaminophen modulates the expression of steroidogenesis-associated genes and estradiol levels in human placental JEG-3 cells. Toxicol. Sci. 179, 44\u201352 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bqaa055","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa055","volume":"161","author":"SE Arambula","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arambula, S. E. & McCarthy, M. M. Neuroendocrine-immune crosstalk shapes sex-specific brain development. Endocrinology 161, bqaa055 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"553_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242773","volume":"15","author":"J Reilly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Reilly, J., Gallagher, L., Leader, G. & Shen, S. Coupling of autism genes to tissue-wide expression and dysfunction of synapse, calcium signalling and transcriptional regulation. PLoS ONE 15, e0242773 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"553_CR68","first-page":"43","volume":"14","author":"R Rai-Bhogal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rai-Bhogal, R. et al. Maternal exposure to prostaglandin E(2) modifies expression of Wnt genes in mouse brain \u2013 an autism connection. Biochem. Biophys. Rep. 14, 43\u201353 (2018).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Rep."},{"key":"553_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2012.08032.x","volume":"35","author":"SL Dean","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dean, S. L., Knutson, J. F., Krebs-Kraft, D. L. & McCarthy, M. M. Prostaglandin E2 is an endogenous modulator of cerebellar development and complex behavior during a sensitive postnatal period. Eur. J. Neurosci. 35, 1218\u20131229 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"553_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.10.004","volume":"81","author":"MM McCarthy","year":"2017","unstructured":"McCarthy, M. M. & Wright, C. L. Convergence of sex differences and the neuroimmune system in autism spectrum disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 81, 402\u2013410 (2017).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics8030057","volume":"8","author":"C-S Tsai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsai, C.-S. et al. Phthalates, para-hydroxybenzoic acids, bisphenol-A, and gonadal hormones\u2019 effects on susceptibility to attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Toxics 8, 57 (2020).","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"553_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-020-00924-y","volume":"26","author":"D M\u00fcller","year":"2021","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, D. et al. The neuroendocrine modulation of global DNA methylation in neuropsychiatric disorders. Mol. Psychiatry 26, 66\u201369 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2020.04.016","volume":"173","author":"S Pietropaolo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pietropaolo, S., Bellocchio, L., Bouz\u00f3n-Arn\u00e1iz, I. & Yee, B. K. The role of the endocannabinoid system in autism spectrum disorders: evidence from mouse studies. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 173, 183\u2013208 (2020).","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.09.025","volume":"89","author":"BD Needham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Needham, B. D. et al. Plasma and fecal metabolite profiles in autism spectrum disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 89, 451\u2013462 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0454-9","volume":"25","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baron-Cohen, S. et al. Foetal oestrogens and autism. Mol. Psychiatry 25, 2970\u20132978 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2020.00089","volume":"8","author":"K Allegaert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allegaert, K. A critical review on the relevance of paracetamol for procedural pain management in neonates. Front. Pediatr. 8, 89 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"553_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.06.019","volume":"185","author":"K Thiele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thiele, K. et al. Prenatal acetaminophen affects maternal immune and endocrine adaptation to pregnancy, induces placental damage, and impairs fetal development in mice. Am. J. Pathol. 185, 2805\u20132818 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"553_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.12.020","volume":"62","author":"K Karimi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karimi, K. et al. Prenatal acetaminophen induces liver toxicity in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and increases airway inflammation in adult offspring. J. Hepatol. 62, 1085\u20131091 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"553_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2020.12.002","volume":"104","author":"A Burman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Burman, A. et al. Acetaminophen attenuates invasion and alters the expression of extracellular matrix enzymes and vascular factors in human first trimester trophoblast cells. Placenta 104, 146\u2013160 (2020).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"553_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.10.023","volume":"26","author":"L Bremer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bremer, L. et al. Paracetamol medication during pregnancy: insights on intake frequencies, dosages and effects on hematopoietic stem cell populations in cord blood from a longitudinal prospective pregnancy cohort. EBioMedicine 26, 146\u2013151 (2017).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"553_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv332","volume":"150","author":"JB Holm","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holm, J. B. et al. Intrauterine exposure to paracetamol and aniline impairs female reproductive development by reducing follicle reserves and fertility. Toxicol. Sci. 150, 178\u2013189 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(92)90051-I","volume":"18","author":"JR Reel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Reel, J. R., Lawton, A. D. & Lamb, J. C. Reproductive toxicity evaluation of acetaminophen in Swiss CD-1 mice using a continuous breeding protocol. Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 18, 233\u2013239 (1992).","journal-title":"Fundam. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"553_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","volume":"22","author":"S Reagan-Shaw","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reagan-Shaw, S., Nihal, M. & Ahmad, N. Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J. 22, 659\u2013661 (2008).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"553_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0273-8","volume":"16","author":"MA La Merrill","year":"2020","unstructured":"La Merrill, M. A. et al. Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 16, 45\u201357 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"553_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e114","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15510","volume":"126","author":"D Bisson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bisson, D., Newell, S. & Laxton, C. on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Antenatal and postnatal analgesia: Scientific Impact Paper No. 59. BJOG 126, e114\u2013e124 (2019).","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"553_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.01.021","volume":"216","author":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Publications Committee.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine Publications Committee. Prenatal acetaminophen use and outcomes in children. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 216, B14\u2013B15 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"553_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-17-0298","volume":"7","author":"FS Arendrup","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arendrup, F. S., Mazaud-Guittot, S., Jegou, B. & Kristensen, D. M. EDC IMPACT: is exposure during pregnancy to acetaminophen\/paracetamol disrupting female reproductive development? Endocr. Connect. 7, 149\u2013158 (2018).","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"553_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0552-x","volume":"2","author":"M Rossitto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rossitto, M. et al. In utero exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen leads to intergenerational accelerated reproductive aging in female mice. Commun. Biol. 2, 310 (2019).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"553_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181f20bed","volume":"21","author":"MS Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen, M. S. et al. Maternal use of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism. Epidemiology 21, 779\u2013785 (2010).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"553_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der474","volume":"27","author":"CA Snijder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Snijder, C. A. et al. Intrauterine exposure to mild analgesics during pregnancy and the occurrence of cryptorchidism and hypospadia in the offspring: the Generation R Study. Hum. Reprod. 27, 1191\u20131201 (2012).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2642","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew196","volume":"31","author":"BG Fisher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fisher, B. G. et al. Prenatal paracetamol exposure is associated with shorter anogenital distance in male infants. Hum. Reprod. 31, 2642\u20132650 (2016).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR92","first-page":"223","volume":"32","author":"DV Lind","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lind, D. V. et al. Maternal use of mild analgesics during pregnancy associated with reduced anogenital distance in sons: a cohort study of 1027 mother-child pairs. Hum. Reprod. 32, 223\u2013231 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy193","volume":"188","author":"A Ernst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ernst, A. et al. Acetaminophen (paracetamol) exposure during pregnancy and pubertal development in boys and girls from a nationwide puberty cohort. Am. J. Epidemiol. 188, 34\u201346 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2017.09.003","volume":"27","author":"JD Interrante","year":"2017","unstructured":"Interrante, J. D. et al. Risk comparison for prenatal use of analgesics and selected birth defects, National Birth Defects Prevention Study 1997\u20132011. Ann. Epidemiol. 27, 645\u2013653.e2 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c52616","volume":"115","author":"ML Feldkamp","year":"2010","unstructured":"Feldkamp, M. L., Meyer, R. E., Krikov, S. & Botto, L. D. Acetaminophen use in pregnancy and risk of birth defects: findings from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Obstet. Gynecol. 115, 109\u2013115 (2010).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"553_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3448","volume":"22","author":"JN Lind","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lind, J. N. et al. Maternal medication and herbal use and risk for hypospadias: data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, 1997\u20132007. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 22, 783\u2013793 (2013).","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"553_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.08.040","volume":"198","author":"C Rebordosa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rebordosa, C. et al. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy: effects on risk for congenital abnormalities. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 198, 178.e1\u2013178.e7 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"553_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e499","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2011.01211.x","volume":"34","author":"K Wagner-Mahler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wagner-Mahler, K. et al. Prospective study on the prevalence and associated risk factors of cryptorchidism in 6246 newborn boys from Nice area, France. Int. J. Androl. 34, e499\u2013e510 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Androl."},{"key":"553_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-018-2350-5","volume":"93","author":"CL Schwartz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schwartz, C. L. et al. Anogenital distance as a toxicological or clinical marker for fetal androgen action and risk for reproductive disorders. Arch. Toxicol. 93, 253\u2013272 (2019).","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"553_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241","volume":"118","author":"M Welsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Welsh, M. et al. Identification in rats of a programming window for reproductive tract masculinization, disruption of which leads to hypospadias and cryptorchidism. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 1479\u20131490 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"553_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12413","volume":"5","author":"MM Smarr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smarr, M. M., Kannan, K., Chen, Z., Kim, S. & Buck Louis, G. M. Male urinary paracetamol and semen quality. Andrology 5, 1082\u20131088 (2017).","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"553_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dew172","volume":"31","author":"MM Smarr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smarr, M. M. et al. Urinary paracetamol and time-to-pregnancy. Hum. Reprod. 31, 2119\u20132127 (2016).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det112","volume":"28","author":"O Albert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Albert, O. et al. Paracetamol, aspirin and indomethacin display endocrine disrupting properties in the adult human testis in vitro. Hum. Reprod. 28, 1890\u20131898 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"553_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.026690","volume":"64","author":"N Pearce","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pearce, N., Checkoway, H. & Kriebel, D. Bias in occupational epidemiology studies. Occup. Environ. Med. 64, 562\u2013568 (2007).","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"553_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288ra80","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa4097","volume":"7","author":"S van den Driesche","year":"2015","unstructured":"van den Driesche, S. et al. Prolonged exposure to acetaminophen reduces testosterone production by the human fetal testis in a xenograft model. Sci. Transl. Med. 7, 288ra80 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"553_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"047006","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP2307","volume":"126","author":"P Hurtado-Gonzalez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hurtado-Gonzalez, P. et al. Effects of exposure to acetaminophen and ibuprofen on fetal germ cell development in both sexes in rodent and human using multiple experimental systems. Environ. Health Perspect. 126, 047006 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"553_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0165","volume":"154","author":"A Hay-Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hay-Schmidt, A. et al. Paracetamol\/acetaminophen impairs brain masculinisation. Reproduction 154, 145\u2013152 (2017).","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"553_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19789","volume":"6","author":"A Dean","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dean, A. et al. Analgesic exposure in pregnant rats affects fetal germ cell development with inter-generational reproductive consequences. Sci. Rep. 6, 19789 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"553_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2016.03.045","volume":"61","author":"HKL Johansson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Johansson, H. K. L. et al. Perinatal exposure to mixtures of endocrine disrupting chemicals reduces female rat follicle reserves and accelerates reproductive aging. Reprod. Toxicol. 61, 186\u2013194 (2016).","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"553_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.00108s3511","volume":"108","author":"D Rice","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rice, D. & Barone, S. J. Critical periods of vulnerability for the developing nervous system: evidence from humans and animal models. Environ. Health Perspect. 108 (Suppl 3), 511\u2013533 (2000).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"553_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70278-3","volume":"13","author":"P Grandjean","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grandjean, P. & Landrigan, P. J. Neurobehavioural effects of developmental toxicity. Lancet Neurol. 13, 330\u2013338 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"553_CR112","first-page":"2009","volume":"45","author":"Z Liew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liew, Z., Bach, C. C., Asarnow, R. F., Ritz, B. & Olsen, J. Paracetamol use during pregnancy and attention and executive function in offspring at age 5 years. Int. J. Epidemiol. 45, 2009\u20132017 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000540","volume":"27","author":"Z Liew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liew, Z., Ritz, B., Virk, J., Arah, O. A. & Olsen, J. Prenatal use of acetaminophen and child IQ: a Danish cohort study. Epidemiology 27, 912\u2013918 (2016).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"553_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12596","volume":"34","author":"SL Rifas-Shiman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rifas-Shiman, S. L. et al. Associations of prenatal or infant exposure to acetaminophen or ibuprofen with mid-childhood executive function and behaviour. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 287\u2013298 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0774","volume":"76","author":"B Leppert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leppert, B. et al. Association of maternal neurodevelopmental risk alleles with early-life exposures. JAMA Psychiatry 76, 834\u2013842 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12568","volume":"34","author":"JN Tronnes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tronnes, J. N., Wood, M., Lupattelli, A., Ystrom, E. & Nordeng, H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool-aged children. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 247\u2013256 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyt183","volume":"42","author":"RE Brandlistuen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brandlistuen, R. E., Ystrom, E., Nulman, I., Koren, G. & Nordeng, H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a sibling-controlled cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 42, 1702\u20131713 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR118","first-page":"1998","volume":"45","author":"R Vlenterie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vlenterie, R. et al. Neurodevelopmental problems at 18 months among children exposed to paracetamol in utero: a propensity score matched cohort study. Int. J. Epidemiol. 45, 1998\u20132008 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3840","volume":"140","author":"E Ystrom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ystrom, E. et al. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and risk of ADHD. Pediatrics 140, e20163840 (2017).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"553_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4914","volume":"168","author":"Z Liew","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liew, Z., Ritz, B., Rebordosa, C., Lee, P. C. & Olsen, J. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy, behavioral problems, and hyperkinetic disorders. JAMA Pediatr. 168, 313\u2013320 (2014).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"553_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1591","volume":"9","author":"Z Liew","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liew, Z., Ritz, B., Virk, J. & Olsen, J. Maternal use of acetaminophen during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorders in childhood: a Danish national birth cohort study. Autism Res. 9, 951\u2013958 (2016).","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"553_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx235","volume":"47","author":"TG Petersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petersen, T. G. et al. Use of paracetamol, ibuprofen or aspirin in pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in the child. Int. J. Epidemiol. 47, 121\u2013130 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR123","volume":"9","author":"JMD Thompson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thompson, J. M. D., Waldie, K. E., Wall, C. R., Murphy, R. & Mitchell, E. A. Associations between acetaminophen use during pregnancy and ADHD symptoms measured at ages 7 and 11 years. PLoS ONE 9, e108210 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"553_CR124","first-page":"1987","volume":"45","author":"CB Avella-Garcia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Avella-Garcia, C. B. et al. Acetaminophen use in pregnancy and neurodevelopment: attention function and autism spectrum symptoms. Int. J. Epidemiol. 45, 1987\u20131996 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2018.02.020","volume":"101","author":"IH Ruisch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruisch, I. H., Buitelaar, J. K., Glennon, J. C., Hoekstra, P. J. & Dietrich, A. Pregnancy risk factors in relation to oppositional-defiant and conduct disorder symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. J. Psychiatr. Res. 101, 63\u201371 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Psychiatr. Res."},{"key":"553_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.1775","volume":"170","author":"E Stergiakouli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stergiakouli, E., Thapar, A. & Davey Smith, G. Association of acetaminophen use during pregnancy with behavioral problems in childhood: evidence against confounding. JAMA Pediatr. 170, 964\u2013970 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"553_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2017.10.007","volume":"51","author":"CG Bornehag","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bornehag, C. G. et al. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and children\u2019s language development at 30 months. Eur. Psychiatry 51, 98\u2013103 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy222","volume":"167","author":"HE Laue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Laue, H. E. et al. Association between meconium acetaminophen and childhood neurocognitive development in GESTE, a Canadian cohort study. Toxicol. Sci. 167, 138\u2013144 (2019).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci8070127","volume":"8","author":"Y Ji","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ji, Y. et al. Maternal biomarkers of acetaminophen use and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Brain Sci. 8, 127 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Sci."},{"key":"553_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.3259","volume":"77","author":"Y Ji","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ji, Y. et al. Association of cord plasma biomarkers of in utero acetaminophen exposure with risk of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder in childhood. JAMA Psychiatry 77, 180\u2013189 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-018-1942-1","volume":"18","author":"L Tovo-Rodrigues","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tovo-Rodrigues, L. et al. Is intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen associated with emotional and hyperactivity problems during childhood? Findings from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort. BMC Psychiatry 18, 368 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy288","volume":"188","author":"Z Liew","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liew, Z. et al. Use of negative control exposure analysis to evaluate confounding: an example of acetaminophen exposure and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in Nurses\u2019 Health Study II. Am. J. Epidemiol. 188, 768\u2013775 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-017-0376-9","volume":"9","author":"K Gervin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gervin, K., Nordeng, H., Ystrom, E., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. & Lyle, R. Long-term prenatal exposure to paracetamol is associated with DNA methylation differences in children diagnosed with ADHD. Clin. Epigenetics 9, 77 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenetics"},{"key":"553_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12582","volume":"34","author":"J Golding","year":"2020","unstructured":"Golding, J. et al. Associations between paracetamol (acetaminophen) intake between 18 and 32 weeks gestation and neurocognitive outcomes in the child: a longitudinal cohort study. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 257\u2013266 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12649","volume":"34","author":"L Tovo-Rodrigues","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tovo-Rodrigues, L. et al. Low neurodevelopmental performance and behavioural\/emotional problems at 24 and 48 months in Brazilian children exposed to acetaminophen during foetal development. Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 278\u2013286 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4170","volume":"26","author":"E Skovlund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skovlund, E., Handal, M., Selmer, R., Brandlistuen, R. E. & Skurtveit, S. Language competence and communication skills in 3-year-old children after prenatal exposure to analgesic opioids. Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. 26, 625\u2013634 (2017).","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"key":"553_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.3080","volume":"174","author":"BH Baker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baker, B. H. et al. Association of prenatal acetaminophen exposure measured in meconium with risk of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder mediated by frontoparietal network brain connectivity. JAMA Pediatr. 174, 1073\u20131081 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"key":"553_CR138","first-page":"18m12612","volume":"80","author":"M-H Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, M.-H. et al. Prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and the risk of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a nationwide study in Taiwan. J. Clin. Psychiatry 80, 18m12612 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12658","volume":"34","author":"ME Wood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wood, M. E. Associations between prenatal acetaminophen exposure and child neurodevelopment: truth, bias, or a bit of both? Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. 34, 233\u2013236 (2020).","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"553_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s40572-020-00301-5","volume":"8","author":"Z Liew","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liew, Z. & Ernst, A. Intrauterine exposure to acetaminophen and adverse developmental outcomes: epidemiological findings and methodological issues. Curr. Environ. Health Rep. 8, 23\u201333 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Environ. Health Rep."},{"key":"553_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106388","volume":"149","author":"A David","year":"2021","unstructured":"David, A. et al. Acetaminophen metabolism revisited using non-targeted analyses: implications for human biomonitoring. Env. Int. 149, 106388 (2021).","journal-title":"Env. Int."},{"key":"553_CR142","unstructured":"Aschengrau, A. & Seage, G. in Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health. 3rd edn, p373 (Jones and Bartlett, 2014)."},{"key":"553_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R105","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0527","volume":"147","author":"H Modick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Modick, H., Weiss, T., Dierkes, G., Br\u00fcning, T. & Koch, H. M. Ubiquitous presence of paracetamol in human urine: sources and implications. Reproduction 147, R105\u2013R117 (2014).","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"553_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01812.x","volume":"10","author":"LF Prescott","year":"1980","unstructured":"Prescott, L. F. Kinetics and metabolism of paracetamol and phenacetin. Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 10 (Suppl 2), 291S\u2013298S (1980).","journal-title":"Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"553_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2018.03.004","volume":"168","author":"K Blecharz-Klin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blecharz-Klin, K. et al. Early paracetamol exposure decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in striatum and affects social behaviour and exploration in rats. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 168, 25\u201332 (2018).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"553_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.01.051","volume":"323","author":"K Blecharz-Klin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blecharz-Klin, K. et al. Paracetamol \u2013 effect of early exposure on neurotransmission, spatial memory and motor performance in rats. Behav. Brain Res. 323, 162\u2013171 (2017).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"553_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft329","volume":"138","author":"H Viberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Viberg, H., Eriksson, P., Gordh, T. & Fredriksson, A. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) administration during neonatal brain development affects cognitive function and alters its analgesic and anxiolytic response in adult male mice. Toxicol. Sci. 138, 139\u2013147 (2014).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3473","volume":"37","author":"G Philippot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Philippot, G., Gordh, T., Fredriksson, A. & Viberg, H. Adult neurobehavioral alterations in male and female mice following developmental exposure to paracetamol (acetaminophen): characterization of a critical period. J. Appl. Toxicol. 37, 1174\u20131181 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"key":"553_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0165","volume":"154","author":"A Hay-Schmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hay-Schmidt, A. et al. Prenatal exposure to paracetamol\/acetaminophen and precursor aniline impairs masculinisation of male brain and behaviour. Reproduction 154, 145\u2013152 (2017).","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"553_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2019.106838","volume":"77","author":"RM Klein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klein, R. M. et al. Gestational exposure to paracetamol in rats induces neurofunctional alterations in the progeny. Neurotoxicol. Teratol. 77, 106838 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"553_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113294","volume":"408","author":"C Rigobello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rigobello, C. et al. Perinatal exposure to paracetamol: dose and sex-dependent effects in behaviour and brain\u2019s oxidative stress markers in progeny. Behav. Brain Res. 408, 113294 (2021).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"553_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/dmcn.12745","volume":"57","author":"L de Fays","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Fays, L. et al. Use of paracetamol during pregnancy and child neurological development. Dev. Med. Child. Neurol. 57, 718\u2013724 (2015).","journal-title":"Dev. Med. Child. Neurol."},{"key":"553_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2020.100715","author":"K Allegaert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allegaert, K. & van den Anker, J. How to translate neuro-cognitive and behavioural outcome data in animals exposed to paracetamol to the human perinatal setting? Arch. Med. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/aoms.2020.100715 (2020).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR154","volume":"9","author":"CL Wright","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wright, C. L., Hoffman, J. H. & McCarthy, M. M. Evidence that inflammation promotes estradiol synthesis in human cerebellum during early childhood. Transl. Psychiatry 9, 58 (2019).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"553_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5751","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201800272R","volume":"32","author":"E Mirrasekhian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mirrasekhian, E. et al. The antipyretic effect of paracetamol occurs independent of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1-mediated hypothermia and is associated with prostaglandin inhibition in the brain. FASEB J. 32, 5751\u20135759 (2018).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"553_CR156","volume":"18","author":"CT Wong","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wong, C. T., Bestard-Lorigados, I. & Crawford, D. A. Autism-related behaviors in the cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mouse model. Genes. Brain Behav. 18, e12506 (2019).","journal-title":"Genes. Brain Behav."},{"key":"553_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dvz010","DOI":"10.1093\/eep\/dvz010","volume":"5","author":"KA Addo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Addo, K. A. et al. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and DNA methylation in the placenta of the extremely low gestational age newborn (ELGAN) cohort. Environ. Epigenetics 5, dvz010 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Epigenetics"},{"key":"553_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10039","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1262-16.2016","volume":"36","author":"J. F. Hoffmann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoffman, J. F., Wright, C. L. & McCarthy, M. M. A critical period in Purkinje cell development is mediated by local estradiol synthesis, disrupted by inflammation, and has enduring consequences only for males. J. Neurosci. 36, 10039\u201310049 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"553_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.13392","author":"GW Przyby\u0142a","year":"2020","unstructured":"Przyby\u0142a, G. W., Szychowski, K. A. & Gmi\u0144ski, J. Paracetamol \u2013 an old drug with new mechanisms of action. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1440-1681.13392 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"553_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.2520","volume":"14","author":"W Fyke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fyke, W., Alarcon, J. M., Velinov, M. & Chadman, K. K. Pharmacological inhibition of the primary endocannabinoid producing enzyme, DGL-\u03b1, induces autism spectrum disorder-like and co-morbid phenotypes in adult C57BL\/J mice. Autism Res. 14, 1375\u20131389 (2021).","journal-title":"Autism Res."},{"key":"553_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26071845","volume":"26","author":"S Schultz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schultz, S., Gould, G. G., Antonucci, N., Brigida, A. L. & Siniscalco, D. Endocannabinoid system dysregulation from acetaminophen use may lead to autism spectrum disorder: could cannabinoid treatment be efficacious? Molecules 26, 1845 (2021).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"553_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18071425","volume":"18","author":"AL Brigida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brigida, A. L., Schultz, S., Cascone, M., Antonucci, N. & Siniscalco, D. Endocannabinod signal dysregulation in autism spectrum disorders: a correlation link between inflammatory state and neuro-immune alterations. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, 1425 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"553_CR163","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Reducing prenatal exposure to toxic environmental agents. Committee Opinion Number 832. https:\/\/www.acog.org\/en\/clinical\/clinical-guidance\/committee-opinion\/articles\/2021\/07\/reducing-prenatal-exposure-to-toxic-environmental-agents (2021)."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-021-00553-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-021-00553-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-021-00553-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T02:11:25Z","timestamp":1647051085000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-021-00553-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-021-00553-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 August 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.T. Mitchell is supported by a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship (MR\/S017151\/1). All the other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}