{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T10:31:41Z","timestamp":1794047501120,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-025-01148-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T13:49:44Z","timestamp":1755092984000},"page":"718-737","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":101,"title":["Consensus on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes: an update"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2355-3447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shlomo","family":"Melmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"di Filippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9284-6289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Fleseriu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mois\u00e9s","family":"Mercado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-0643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niki","family":"Karavitaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-6832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark","family":"Gurnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6495-2244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Salvatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stylianos","family":"Tsagarakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Losa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Maffei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-9866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eliza B.","family":"Geer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8115-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Katznelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1059-0126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aart Jan","family":"van der Lely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Bollerslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8993-2071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7052-6436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan M.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8408-7796","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Chiara","family":"Zatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Valassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Neggers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Chanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-9588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken K. Y.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana G.","family":"Ioachimescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beverly M. K.","family":"Biller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Samson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula B.","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Schilbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-1913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal M.","family":"Luque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe F.","family":"Casanueva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilan","family":"Shimon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7285-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar L.","family":"Boguszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5817-3594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nienke","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Colao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Pirchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven W. J.","family":"Lamberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8329-140X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pinar","family":"Kadioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Buchfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Frara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9241-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina","family":"Chiloiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0618-6147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephan","family":"Petersenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica R.","family":"Gadelha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6744-7195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manel","family":"Puig-Domingo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Luger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8482-6691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thierry","family":"Brue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6351-1367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Beckers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1410-6143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Ferone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Clemmons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4923-488X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yona","family":"Greenman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Marazuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Mortini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7905-7357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian J.","family":"Strasburger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Giustina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1148_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00244-3","volume":"10","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M., Langlois, F., Lim, D. S. T., Varlamov, E. V. & Melmed, S. Acromegaly: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 10, 804\u2013826 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnac010","volume":"43","author":"S Melmed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Melmed, S. et al. Clinical biology of the pituitary adenoma. Endocr. Rev. 43, 1003\u20131037 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"1148_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0071-6","volume":"5","author":"A Colao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Colao, A. et al. Acromegaly. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 5, 20 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"1148_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0255","volume":"179","author":"F Bolfi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bolfi, F., Neves, A. F., Boguszewski, C. L. & Nunes-Nogueira, V. S. Mortality in acromegaly decreased in the last decade: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 179, 59\u201371 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0015","volume":"178","author":"D Esposito","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esposito, D. et al. Decreasing mortality and changes in treatment patterns in patients with acromegaly from a nationwide study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 178, 459\u2013469 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0420-x","volume":"16","author":"S Melmed","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melmed, S. et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly complications. Pituitary 16, 294\u2013302 (2013).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgz096","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz096","volume":"105","author":"A Giustina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly comorbidities: an update. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgz096 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0058-5","volume":"14","author":"S Melmed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Melmed, S. et al. A consensus statement on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 552\u2013561 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-020-09588-z","volume":"21","author":"A Giustina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly: a consensus. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 21, 667\u2013678 (2020).","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"1148_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01091-7","volume":"24","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M. et al. A pituitary society update to acromegaly management guidelines. Pituitary 24, 1\u201313 (2021).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3933","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2700","volume":"99","author":"L Katznelson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Katznelson, L. et al. Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 3933\u20133951 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01360-1","volume":"27","author":"A Giustina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Consensus on criteria for acromegaly diagnosis and remission. Pituitary 27, 7\u201322 (2024).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt, G. H. et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336, 924\u2013926 (2008).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1148_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2007-1907","volume":"93","author":"BA Swiglo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Swiglo, B. A. et al. A case for clarity, consistency, and helpfulness: state-of-the-art clinical practice guidelines in endocrinology using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation system. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 666\u2013673 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01266-4","volume":"25","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chiloiro, S. et al. Impact of the diagnostic delay of acromegaly on bone health: data from a real life and long term follow-up experience. Pituitary 25, 831\u2013841 (2022).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-022-03106-8","volume":"77","author":"B Cangiano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cangiano, B. et al. Psychological complications in patients with acromegaly: relationships with sex, arthropathy, and quality of life. Endocrine 77, 510\u2013518 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2843","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac183","volume":"107","author":"S Frara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frara, S. et al. High prevalence of vertebral fractures associated with preoperative GH levels in patients with recent diagnosis of acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, e2843\u2013e2850 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2020.01.011","volume":"31","author":"A Giustina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giustina, A. Acromegaly and vertebral fractures: facts and questions. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 31, 274\u2013275 (2020).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2023.601","volume":"38","author":"A Giustina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giustina, A. Acromegaly and bone: an update. Endocrinol. Metab. 38, 655\u2013666 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.743052","volume":"12","author":"T Cardinal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cardinal, T. et al. Postoperative GH and degree of reduction in IGF-1 predicts postoperative hormonal remission in acromegaly. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 743052 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6480","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-0901","volume":"90","author":"RA Feelders","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feelders, R. A. et al. Postoperative evaluation of patients with acromegaly: clinical significance and timing of oral glucose tolerance testing and measurement of (free) insulin-like growth factor I, acid-labile subunit, and growth hormone-binding protein levels. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90, 6480\u20136489 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000517476","volume":"112","author":"YY Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. Y. et al. Value of early post-operative growth hormone testing in predicting long-term remission and residual disease after transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly. Neuroendocrinology 112, 345\u2013357 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1148_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E746","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000000068","volume":"73","author":"A Giustina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Giustina, A., Mazziotti, G. & Fontanella, M. Commentary: postsurgical monitoring of acromegaly. Neurosurgery 73, E746\u2013E748 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1148_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2589","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab186","volume":"106","author":"IH Jung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jung, I. H. et al. Revisiting the role of insulin-like growth factor-1 measurement after surgical treatment of acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, e2589\u2013e2599 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02227-2","volume":"68","author":"MLVD Cunha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cunha, M. L. V. D., Borba, L. A. B. & Boguszewski, C. L. Random Gh and Igf-I levels after transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly: relation with long-term remission. Endocrine 68, 182\u2013191 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01094-4","volume":"24","author":"PU Freda","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freda, P. U. et al. Prognostic value of nadir GH levels for long-term biochemical remission or recurrence in surgically treated acromegaly. Pituitary 24, 170\u2013183 (2021).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR27","first-page":"3555","volume":"106","author":"A Giustina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. International multicenter validation study of the SAGIT\u00ae instrument in acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, 3555\u20133568 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000095","volume":"25","author":"R Forghani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forghani, R. Adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agents: changes in practice patterns. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging 25, 163\u2013169 (2016).","journal-title":"Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"1148_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0639","volume":"175","author":"O Koulouri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koulouri, O. et al. Successful treatment of residual pituitary adenoma in persistent acromegaly following localisation by 11C-methionine PET co-registered with MRI. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 175, 485\u2013498 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E8","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.3.FOCUS2052","volume":"48","author":"WA Bashari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bashari, W. A. et al. PET-guided repeat transsphenoidal surgery for previously deemed unresectable lateral disease in acromegaly. Neurosurg. Focus 48, E8 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurosurg. Focus"},{"key":"1148_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1159\/000375450","volume":"103","author":"KM Claessen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Claessen, K. M., Mazziotti, G., Biermasz, N. R. & Giustina, A. Bone and joint disorders in acromegaly. Neuroendocrinology 103, 86\u201395 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1148_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-023-00541-7","volume":"7","author":"S Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martin, S. et al. Development and evaluation of the acromegaly symptom diary. J. Patient Rep. Outcomes 7, 15 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Patient Rep. Outcomes"},{"key":"1148_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac400","volume":"107","author":"D Esposito","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esposito, D. et al. Effect of diabetes on morbidity and mortality in patients with acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 2483\u20132492 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ20-0159","volume":"67","author":"YS Yen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yen, Y. S. & Chen, H. S. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors in patients with acromegaly after trans-sphenoidal adenomectomy. Endocr. J. 67, 1169\u20131177 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"1148_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.12.015","volume":"27","author":"X Kong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong, X., Gong, S., Su, L., Howard, N. & Kong, Y. Automatic detection of acromegaly from facial photographs using machine learning methods. eBioMedicine 27, 94\u2013102 (2018).","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"key":"1148_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00492","volume":"11","author":"T Meng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meng, T. et al. Identifying facial features and predicting patients of acromegaly using three-dimensional imaging techniques and machine learning. Front. Endocrinol. 11, 492 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3747","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-22-1101","volume":"13","author":"M Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Using 2-dimensional hand photographs to predict postoperative biochemical remission in acromegaly patients: a transfer learning approach. Quant. Imaging Med. Surg. 13, 3747\u20133759 (2023).","journal-title":"Quant. Imaging Med. Surg."},{"key":"1148_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0838-2","volume":"20","author":"FF Casanueva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Casanueva, F. F. et al. Criteria for the definition of pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE): a pituitary society statement. Pituitary 20, 489\u2013498 (2017).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01345-0","volume":"26","author":"A Giustina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Pilot study to define criteria for pituitary tumors centers of excellence (PTCOE): results of an audit of leading international centers. Pituitary 26, 583\u2013596 (2023).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab901","volume":"107","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. R. et al. Pituitary MRI standard and advanced sequences: role in the diagnosis and characterization of pituitary adenomas. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 1431\u20131440 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.JNS141083","volume":"122","author":"AS Micko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Micko, A. S., W\u00f6hrer, A., Wolfsberger, S. & Knosp, E. Invasion of the cavernous sinus space in pituitary adenomas: endoscopic verification and its correlation with an MRI-based classification. J. Neurosurg. 122, 803\u2013811 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"1148_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-015-0766-8","volume":"52","author":"A Heck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heck, A., Emblem, K. E., Casar-Borota, O., Bollerslev, J. & Ringstad, G. Quantitative analyses of T2-weighted MRI as a potential marker for response to somatostatin analogs in newly diagnosed acromegaly. Endocrine 52, 333\u2013343 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-017-0788-8","volume":"20","author":"I Potorac","year":"2017","unstructured":"Potorac, I., Beckers, A. & Bonneville, J. F. T2-weighted MRI signal intensity as a predictor of hormonal and tumoral responses to somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly: a perspective. Pituitary 20, 116\u2013120 (2017).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14946","volume":"99","author":"S Ruiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruiz, S. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of therapeutic response to pasireotide in acromegaly. Clin. Endocrinol. 99, 378\u2013385 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4973","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0573","volume":"95","author":"M Puig-Domingo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Puig-Domingo, M. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of response to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly after surgical failure. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 4973\u20134978 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0254","volume":"180","author":"F Bonneville","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonneville, F. et al. MRI T2 signal intensity and tumor response in patients with GH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma: PRIMARYS post-hoc analysis. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 180, 155\u2013164 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0840","volume":"182","author":"EC Coopmans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coopmans, E. C. et al. T2-signal intensity, SSTR expression, and somatostatin analogs efficacy predict response to pasireotide in acromegaly. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 182, 595\u2013605 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-018-5876-2","volume":"29","author":"B Kocak","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kocak, B. et al. Predicting response to somatostatin analogues in acromegaly: machine learning-based high-dimensional quantitative texture analysis on T2-weighted MRI. Eur. Radiol. 29, 2731\u20132739 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"1148_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01077-5","volume":"23","author":"YW Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park, Y. W. et al. Radiomics model predicts granulation pattern in growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary 23, 691\u2013700 (2020).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57S","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.251546","volume":"62","author":"WA Bashari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bashari, W. A. et al. Using molecular imaging to enhance decision making in the management of pituitary adenomas. J. Nucl. Med. 62, 57S\u201362S (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"1148_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab125","volume":"106","author":"LE Wildemberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wildemberg, L. E. et al. Machine learning-based prediction model for treatment of acromegaly with first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, 2047\u20132056 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-018-0939-4","volume":"42","author":"J Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu, J. et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy may serve as a presurgical predictor of somatostatin analog therapy response in patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary macroadenomas. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 42, 443\u2013451 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010025","volume":"12","author":"AM Berton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Berton, A. M. et al. Resistance to somatostatin analogs in Italian acromegaly patients: the MISS study. J. Clin. Med. 12, 25 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"1148_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac512","volume":"107","author":"MD Ilie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ilie, M. D. et al. Predictive factors of somatostatin receptor ligand response in acromegaly \u2014 a prospective study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 2982\u20132991 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-12-0457","volume":"168","author":"J Oriola","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oriola, J. et al. Germline mutations of AIP gene in somatotropinomas resistant to somatostatin analogues. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 168, 9\u201313 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E373","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2556","volume":"95","author":"AF Daly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Daly, A. F. et al. Clinical characteristics and therapeutic responses in patients with germ-line AIP mutations and pituitary adenomas: an international collaborative study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, E373\u2013E383 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-15-0038","volume":"22","author":"A Beckers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Beckers, A. et al. X-linked acrogigantism syndrome: clinical profile and therapeutic responses. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 22, 353\u2013367 (2015).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"1148_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194857","volume":"13","author":"LE Wildemberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wildemberg, L. E. et al. gsp mutation is not a molecular biomarker of long-term response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly. Cancers 13, 4857 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1148_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-18-0565","volume":"27","author":"M Puig-Domingo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Puig-Domingo, M. et al. Molecular profiling for acromegaly treatment: a validation study. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 27, 375\u2013389 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"1148_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0832","volume":"174","author":"D Iacovazzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Iacovazzo, D. et al. Factors predicting pasireotide responsiveness in somatotroph pituitary adenomas resistant to first-generation somatostatin analogues: an immunohistochemical study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 174, 241\u2013250 (2016).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-20-0767","volume":"184","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiloiro, S. et al. Pegvisomant and pasireotide LAR as second line therapy in acromegaly: clinical effectiveness and predictors of response. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 184, 217\u2013229 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01524","volume":"104","author":"A Muhammad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Muhammad, A. et al. Pasireotide responsiveness in acromegaly is mainly driven by somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 915\u2013924 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2468","volume":"100","author":"D Cuevas-Ramos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cuevas-Ramos, D. et al. A structural and functional acromegaly classification. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 122\u2013131 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa387","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa387","volume":"105","author":"EC Coopmans","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coopmans, E. C. et al. Multivariable prediction model for biochemical response to first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgaa387 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01216-0","volume":"25","author":"C Sulu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sulu, C. et al. Machine learning as a clinical decision support tool for patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 25, 486\u2013495 (2022).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3318","volume":"99","author":"PJ Caron","year":"2014","unstructured":"Caron, P. J. et al. Tumor shrinkage with lanreotide autogel 120 mg as primary therapy in acromegaly: results of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 1282\u20131290 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.984877","volume":"13","author":"B Biagetti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Biagetti, B. et al. Factors associated with therapeutic response in acromegaly diagnosed in the elderly in Spain. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 984877 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01362-z","volume":"27","author":"S Urai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Urai, S. et al. Newer parameters of the octreotide test in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 27, 33\u201343 (2024).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3059","volume":"99","author":"M Bidlingmaier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bidlingmaier, M. et al. Reference intervals for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) from birth to senescence: results from a multicenter study using a new automated chemiluminescence IGF-I immunoassay conforming to recent international recommendations. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 1712\u20131721 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-1257","volume":"101","author":"P Chanson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chanson, P. et al. Reference values for IGF-I serum concentrations: comparison of six immunoassays. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 101, 3450\u20133458 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03349183","volume":"29","author":"M Gola","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gola, M., Bonadonna, S., Mazziotti, G., Amato, G. & Giustina, A. Resistance to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly: an evolving concept? J. Endocrinol. Invest. 29, 86\u201393 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3189","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39375","volume":"119","author":"S Melmed","year":"2009","unstructured":"Melmed, S. Acromegaly pathogenesis and treatment. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 3189\u20133202 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00115","volume":"40","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. R., Kasuki, L., Lim, D. S. T. & Fleseriu, M. Systemic complications of acromegaly and the impact of the current treatment landscape: an update. Endocr. Rev. 40, 268\u2013332 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"1148_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-17-0253","volume":"24","author":"P Petrossians","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petrossians, P. et al. Acromegaly at diagnosis in 3173 patients from the Li\u00e8ge Acromegaly Survey (LAS) database. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 24, 505\u2013518 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"1148_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13331","volume":"86","author":"N Kyriakakis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kyriakakis, N., Lynch, J., Gilbey, S. G., Webb, S. M. & Murray, R. D. Impaired quality of life in patients with treated acromegaly despite long-term biochemically stable disease: results from a 5-years prospective study. Clin. Endocrinol. 86, 806\u2013815 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-023-01309-4","volume":"26","author":"VR van Trigt","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Trigt, V. R., Pelsma, I. C. M. & Biermasz, N. R. Patient-reported outcomes in refractory hormone-producing pituitary adenomas: an unmet need. Pituitary 26, 307\u2013317 (2023).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3644","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac385","volume":"107","author":"L Maione","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maione, L. et al. IGF-I variability over repeated measures in patients with acromegaly under long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, e3644\u2013e3653 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-23-0155","volume":"12","author":"NV Marques","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marques, N. V., Wildemberg, L. E. A. & Gadelha, M. R. Long-term, real-world experience of pasireotide dose reduction in patients with acromegaly. Endocr. Connect. 12, e230155 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"1148_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0684-z","volume":"19","author":"A Colao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colao, A., Auriemma, R. S., Pivonello, R., Kasuki, L. & Gadelha, M. R. Interpreting biochemical control response rates with first-generation somatostatin analogues in acromegaly. Pituitary 19, 235\u2013247 (2016).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3757","volume":"99","author":"JD Carmichael","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carmichael, J. D., Bonert, V. S., Nu\u00f1o, M., Ly, D. & Melmed, S. Acromegaly clinical trial methodology impact on reported biochemical efficacy rates of somatostatin receptor ligand treatments: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 1825\u20131833 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00142","volume":"102","author":"A Giustina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. High-dose and high-frequency lanreotide autogel in acromegaly: a randomized, multicenter study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102, 2454\u20132464 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-09-0372","volume":"161","author":"A Giustina","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. High-dose intramuscular octreotide in patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled on conventional somatostatin analogue therapy: a randomised controlled trial. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 161, 331\u2013338 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3785","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa526","volume":"105","author":"SL Samson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samson, S. L. et al. Maintenance of acromegaly control in patients switching from injectable somatostatin receptor ligands to oral octreotide. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, e3785\u2013e3797 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad365","volume":"108","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M. et al. MPOWERED trial open-label extension: long-term efficacy and safety data for oral octreotide capsules in acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 108, 3214\u20133222 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e148","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac643","volume":"108","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. R. et al. ACROBAT edge: safety and efficacy of switching injected SRLs to oral paltusotine in patients with acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 108, e148\u2013e159 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-2480","volume":"99","author":"A Colao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Colao, A. et al. Pasireotide versus octreotide in acromegaly: a head-to-head superiority study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 791\u2013799 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00931","volume":"10","author":"M Gadelha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. et al. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of switching to pasireotide in patients with acromegaly inadequately controlled with first-generation somatostatin analogs. Front. Endocrinol. 10, 931 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70169-X","volume":"2","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. R. et al. Pasireotide versus continued treatment with octreotide or lanreotide in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly (PAOLA): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2, 875\u2013884 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0762","volume":"182","author":"A Colao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Colao, A. et al. Pasireotide for acromegaly: long-term outcomes from an extension to the phase III PAOLA study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 182, 583 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0677-y","volume":"19","author":"A Colao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Colao, A., Auriemma, R. S. & Pivonello, R. The effects of somatostatin analogue therapy on pituitary tumor volume in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 19, 210\u2013221 (2016).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036411","volume":"7","author":"A Giustina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Meta-analysis on the effects of octreotide on tumor mass in acromegaly. PLoS ONE 7, e36411 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1148_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.14748","volume":"97","author":"H Benderradji","year":"2022","unstructured":"Benderradji, H. et al. Efficacy of lanreotide 120\u2009mg primary therapy on tumour shrinkage and ophthalmologic symptoms in acromegaly after 1 month. Clin. Endocrinol. 97, 52\u201363 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.935759","volume":"13","author":"A Mondin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mondin, A. et al. Pasireotide-induced shrinkage in GH and ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 935759 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0681","volume":"182","author":"N Grandgeorge","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grandgeorge, N., Barchetti, G., Grunenwald, S., Bonneville, F. & Caron, P. Is MRI follow-up relevant in patients with GH-secreting pituitary adenomas primarily treated and responsive to long-acting somatostatin analogues (SMSa)? Eur. J. Endocrinol. 182, 123\u2013130 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab726","volume":"107","author":"MR Gadelha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. R., Wildemberg, L. E. & Kasuki, L. The future of somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 297\u2013308 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0732","volume":"182","author":"TLC Wolters","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wolters, T. L. C. et al. The effect of treatment on quality of life in patients with acromegaly: a prospective study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 182, 319\u2013331 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.08.754","volume":"17","author":"A Giustina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Sagit\u00a9: a novel clinician-reported outcome for managing acromegaly in clinical practice. Value Health 17, A355 (2014).","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1148_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-015-0681-2","volume":"19","author":"A Giustina","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. SAGIT\u00ae: clinician-reported outcome instrument for managing acromegaly in clinical practice \u2014 development and results from a pilot study. Pituitary 19, 39\u201349 (2016).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00977-5","volume":"22","author":"A Giustina","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Staging and managing patients with acromegaly in clinical practice: baseline data from the SAGIT\u00ae validation study. Pituitary 22, 476\u2013487 (2019).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02900-0","volume":"75","author":"M Marazuela","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marazuela, M. et al. Acromegaly disease activity according to ACRODAT\u00ae, a cross-sectional study in Spain: ACROVAL study. Endocrine 75, 525\u2013536 (2022).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab874","volume":"107","author":"M van der Meulen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van der Meulen, M. et al. State of the art of patient-reported outcomes in acromegaly or GH deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 1225\u20131238 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR102","volume":"20","author":"EB Geer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Geer, E. B. et al. Patient reported outcome data from acromegaly patients treated with injectable somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) in routine clinical practice. BMC Endocr. Disord. 20, 117 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"1148_CR103","volume":"12","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M. et al. Disease and treatment-related burden in patients with acromegaly who are biochemically controlled on injectable somatostatin receptor ligands. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 627711 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01102-7","volume":"24","author":"N Prencipe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prencipe, N. et al. Biliary adverse events in acromegaly during somatostatin receptor ligands: predictors of onset and response to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Pituitary 24, 242\u2013251 (2021).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-014-0283-8","volume":"74","author":"CB Burness","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burness, C. B., Dhillon, S. & Keam, S. J. Lanreotide autogel(\u00ae): a review of its use in the treatment of patients with acromegaly. Drugs 74, 1673\u20131691 (2014).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"1148_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1517\/14740330903379525","volume":"8","author":"J Bornschein","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bornschein, J., Drozdov, I. & Malfertheiner, P. Octreotide LAR: safety and tolerability issues. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 8, 755\u2013768 (2009).","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."},{"key":"1148_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.04.014","volume":"27","author":"S Frara","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frara, S., Maffezzoni, F., Mazziotti, G. & Giustina, A. Current and emerging aspects of diabetes mellitus in acromegaly. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 27, 470\u2013483 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2332","volume":"94","author":"G Mazziotti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mazziotti, G. et al. Effects of somatostatin analogs on glucose homeostasis: a metaanalysis of acromegaly studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1500\u20131508 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02566","volume":"103","author":"A Cozzolino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cozzolino, A. et al. Somatostatin analogs and glucose metabolism in acromegaly: a meta-analysis of prospective interventional studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 2089\u20132099 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09710-3","volume":"23","author":"M Bolanowski","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bolanowski, M., Ka\u0142u\u017cny, M., Witek, P. & Jawiarczyk-Przyby\u0142owska, A. Pasireotide \u2014 a novel somatostatin receptor ligand after 20 years of use. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 23, 601\u2013620 (2022).","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"1148_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-020-01055-x","volume":"23","author":"M Barbot","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barbot, M. et al. Is pasireotide-induced diabetes mellitus predictable? A pilot study on the effect of a single dose of pasireotide on glucose homeostasis. Pituitary 23, 534\u2013542 (2020).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3446","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-1771","volume":"98","author":"RR Henry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henry, R. R. et al. Hyperglycemia associated with pasireotide: results from a mechanistic study in healthy volunteers. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, 3446\u20133453 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1571","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad378","volume":"108","author":"M Gadelha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gadelha, M. et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of pasireotide in patients with acromegaly: 14 years of single-center real-world experience. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 108, e1571\u2013e1579 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01161-4","volume":"24","author":"SL Samson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samson, S. L. et al. Managing pasireotide-associated hyperglycemia: a randomized, open-label, phase IV study. Pituitary 24, 887\u2013903 (2021).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2006.02450.x","volume":"64","author":"P Caron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Caron, P., Cogne, M., Raingeard, I., Bex-Bachellerie, V. & Kuhn, J. M. Effectiveness and tolerability of 3-year lanreotide autogel treatment in patients with acromegaly. Clin. Endocrinol. 64, 209\u2013214 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01343-0","volume":"44","author":"M Parolin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Parolin, M., Dassie, F., Vettor, R., Steeds, R. P. & Maffei, P. Electrophysiological features in acromegaly: re-thinking the arrhythmic risk? J. Endocrinol. Invest. 44, 209\u2013221 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-017-0614-1","volume":"40","author":"A Giustina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Pegvisomant in acromegaly: an update. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 40, 577\u2013589 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200004203421604","volume":"342","author":"PJ Trainer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Trainer, P. J. et al. Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant. N. Engl. J. Med. 342, 1171\u20131177 (2000).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1148_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2023.102884","volume":"54","author":"L Haberbosch","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haberbosch, L. & Strasburger, C. J. Efficacy and safety of pegvisomant in the treatment of acromegaly. Arch. Med. Res. 54, 102884 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Res."},{"key":"1148_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-21-0239","volume":"185","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M. et al. More than a decade of real-world experience of pegvisomant for acromegaly: ACROSTUDY. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 185, 525\u2013538 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01980-7","volume":"46","author":"R Pirchio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pirchio, R. et al. Control of acromegaly in more than 90% of patients after 10 years of pegvisomant therapy: an European referral centre real-life experience. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 46, 1027\u20131038 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Invest."},{"key":"1148_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-13-0438","volume":"171","author":"M Droste","year":"2014","unstructured":"Droste, M. et al. Therapy of acromegalic patients exacerbated by concomitant type 2 diabetes requires higher pegvisomant doses to normalise IGF1 levels. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 171, 59\u201368 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0616","volume":"179","author":"M Buchfelder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buchfelder, M. et al. Long-term treatment with pegvisomant: observations from 2090 acromegaly patients in ACROSTUDY. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 179, 419\u2013427 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1729-7","volume":"63","author":"LP Leonart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leonart, L. P., Tonin, F. S., Ferreira, V. L., Fernandez-Llimos, F. & Pontarolo, R. Effectiveness and safety of pegvisomant: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational longitudinal studies. Endocrine 63, 18\u201326 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-018-1792-0","volume":"63","author":"T Brue","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brue, T. et al. Diabetes in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant: observations from acrostudy. Endocrine 63, 563\u2013572 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgz054","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgz054","volume":"105","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chiloiro, S. et al. Effects of pegvisomant and pasireotide LAR on vertebral fractures in acromegaly resistant to first-generation SRLs. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgz054 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-022-01206-2","volume":"25","author":"R Salvatori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salvatori, R. et al. Patient-reported outcomes in patients with acromegaly treated with pegvisomant in the ACROSTUDY extension: a real-world experience. Pituitary 25, 420\u2013432 (2022).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2892","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-02281","volume":"104","author":"T Feola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feola, T. et al. Pegvisomant improves glucose metabolism in acromegaly: a meta-analysis of prospective interventional studies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 2892\u20132902 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12440","volume":"81","author":"G Sesmilo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sesmilo, G. et al. Escape and lipodystrophy in acromegaly during pegvisomant therapy, a retrospective multicentre Spanish study. Clin. Endocrinol. 81, 883\u2013890 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR130","volume":"20","author":"L Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, L. et al. Combined therapy of somatostatin analogues with pegvisomant for the treatment of acromegaly: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMC Endocr. Disord. 20, 126 (2020).","journal-title":"BMC Endocr. Disord."},{"key":"1148_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3853","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0669","volume":"93","author":"SJ Neggers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neggers, S. J. et al. Quality of life in acromegalic patients during long-term somatostatin analog treatment with and without pegvisomant. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 93, 3853\u20133859 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-0654","volume":"96","author":"M Madsen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Madsen, M., Poulsen, P. L., Orskov, H., M\u00f8ller, N. & J\u00f8rgensen, J. O. Cotreatment with pegvisomant and a somatostatin analog (SA) in SA-responsive acromegalic patients. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 2405\u20132413 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-10-0867","volume":"164","author":"AJ van der Lely","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Lely, A. J. et al. Coadministration of lanreotide autogel and pegvisomant normalizes IGF1 levels and is well tolerated in patients with acromegaly partially controlled by somatostatin analogs alone. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 164, 325\u2013333 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-024-01397-w","volume":"27","author":"A Giustina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE). Pituitary 27, 381\u2013388 (2024).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3644","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2032","volume":"99","author":"SJ Neggers","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neggers, S. J. et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of pegvisomant in combination with long-acting somatostatin analogs in acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 99, 3644\u20133652 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dgaa444","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa444","volume":"105","author":"V Bonert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bonert, V. et al. Cost\u2013effectiveness and efficacy of a novel combination regimen in acromegaly: a prospective, randomized trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgaa444 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0353","volume":"179","author":"A Muhammad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muhammad, A. et al. Efficacy and safety of switching to pasireotide in acromegaly patients controlled with pegvisomant and somatostatin analogues: PAPE extension study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 179, 269\u2013277 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-0995-5","volume":"55","author":"RS Auriemma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Auriemma, R. S. et al. Effects of long-term combined treatment with somatostatin analogues and pegvisomant on cardiac structure and performance in acromegaly. Endocrine 55, 872\u2013884 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2443","volume":"96","author":"L Sandret","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sandret, L., Maison, P. & Chanson, P. Place of cabergoline in acromegaly: a meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 1327\u20131335 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-012-0382-z","volume":"16","author":"I Bernabeu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bernabeu, I. et al. Pegvisomant and cabergoline combination therapy in acromegaly. Pituitary 16, 101\u2013108 (2013).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-2603","volume":"97","author":"CE Higham","year":"2012","unstructured":"Higham, C. E. et al. Effective combination treatment with cabergoline and low-dose pegvisomant in active acromegaly: a prospective clinical trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 1187\u20131193 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-17-0996","volume":"178","author":"CJ Strasburger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Strasburger, C. J. et al. Increasing frequency of combination medical therapy in the treatment of acromegaly with the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 178, 321\u2013329 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2019-00825","volume":"104","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiloiro, S. et al. Pasireotide and pegvisomant combination treatment in acromegaly resistant to second-line therapies: a longitudinal study. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 5478\u20135482 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02017","volume":"103","author":"A Muhammad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muhammad, A. et al. Efficacy and safety of switching to pasireotide in patients with acromegaly controlled with pegvisomant and first-generation somatostatin analogues (PAPE Study). J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 586\u2013595 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-021-02711-3","volume":"73","author":"S Chiloiro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiloiro, S. et al. Glucose metabolism outcomes in acromegaly patients on treatment with pasireotide-LAR or pasireotide-LAR plus pegvisomant. Endocrine 73, 658\u2013666 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3171\/2021.11.JNS212137","volume":"137","author":"X Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Determinants of immediate and long-term remission after initial transsphenoidal surgery for acromegaly and outcome patterns during follow-up: a longitudinal study on 659 patients. J. Neurosurg. 137, 618\u2013628 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg."},{"key":"1148_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12980-1","volume":"12","author":"A Mohyeldin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohyeldin, A. et al. Prospective intraoperative and histologic evaluation of cavernous sinus medial wall invasion by pituitary adenomas and its implications for acromegaly remission outcomes. Sci. Rep. 12, 9919 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1148_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvac114","volume":"6","author":"F Albarel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albarel, F. et al. Preoperative medical treatment for patients with acromegaly: yes or no? J. Endocr. Soc. 6, bvac114 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"1148_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061523","volume":"8","author":"F Pita-Gutierrez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pita-Gutierrez, F. et al. Place of preoperative treatment of acromegaly with somatostatin analog on surgical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 8, e61523 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1148_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12553","volume":"81","author":"JJ Jacob","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jacob, J. J. & Bevan, J. S. Should all patients with acromegaly receive somatostatin analogue therapy before surgery and, if so, for how long? Clin. Endocrinol. 81, 812\u2013817 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-014-0602-9","volume":"18","author":"VS Nunes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nunes, V. S., Correa, J. M., Puga, M. E., Silva, E. M. & Boguszewski, C. L. Preoperative somatostatin analogues versus direct transsphenoidal surgery for newly-diagnosed acromegaly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis using the GRADE system. Pituitary 18, 500\u2013508 (2015).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-018-0916-0","volume":"21","author":"F Albarel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Albarel, F. et al. Pre-surgical medical treatment, a major prognostic factor for long-term remission in acromegaly. Pituitary 21, 615\u2013623 (2018).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4113","volume":"100","author":"S Melmed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Melmed, S. et al. Safety and efficacy of oral octreotide in acromegaly: results of a multicenter phase III trial. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1699\u20131708 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(21)00296-5","volume":"10","author":"M Fleseriu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fleseriu, M. et al. Maintenance of response to oral octreotide compared with injectable somatostatin receptor ligands in patients with acromegaly: a phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 10, 102\u2013111 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-018-3734-1","volume":"83","author":"M Pavel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavel, M. et al. Octreotide SC depot in patients with acromegaly and functioning neuroendocrine tumors: a phase 2, multicenter study. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 83, 375\u2013385 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1148_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-020-02565-1","volume":"71","author":"A Giustina","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giustina, A. et al. Results from ACROCOVID: an international survey on the care of acromegaly during the COVID-19 era. Endocrine 71, 273\u2013280 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01148-1","volume":"24","author":"S Frara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frara, S. et al. COVID-19 and the pituitary. Pituitary 24, 465\u2013481 (2021).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1810772","volume":"382","author":"S Melmed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Melmed, S. Pituitary-tumor endocrinopathies. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 937\u2013950 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1148_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvae003","volume":"190","author":"SA Urwyler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Urwyler, S. A. et al. Efficacy of cabergoline in non-irradiated patients with acromegaly: a multi-centre cohort study. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 190, 113\u2013120 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2014.10.007","volume":"44","author":"RS Auriemma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Auriemma, R. S., Pivonello, R., Ferreri, L., Priscitelli, P. & Colao, A. Cabergoline use for pituitary tumors and valvular disorders. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 44, 89\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"1148_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01071","volume":"104","author":"CE Stiles","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stiles, C. E., Tetteh-Wayoe, E. T., Bestwick, J., Steeds, R. P. & Drake, W. M. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of cardiac valvulopathy in hyperprolactinemic patients treated with cabergoline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 104, 523\u2013538 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR162","first-page":"1089","volume":"23","author":"A Hamidianjahromi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamidianjahromi, A. & Tritos, N. A. Impulse control disorders in hyperprolactinemic patients on dopamine agonist therapy. Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord. 23, 1089\u20131099 (2022).","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"key":"1148_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80721-8","volume":"75","author":"A Giustina","year":"1995","unstructured":"Giustina, A., Boni, E., Romanelli, G., Grassi, V. & Giustina, G. Cardiopulmonary performance during exercise in acromegaly, and the effects of acute suppression of growth hormone hypersecretion with octreotide. Am. J. Cardiol. 75, 1042\u20131047 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"1148_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D17","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-19-0998","volume":"182","author":"AJ van der Lely","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Lely, A. J. et al. Pegvisomant and not somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) is first-line medical therapy for acromegaly. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 182, D17\u2013D29 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1148_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03317-7","volume":"80","author":"A Giustina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giustina, A., di Filippo, L., Uygur, M. M. & Frara, S. Modern approach to resistant acromegaly. Endocrine 80, 303\u2013307 (2023).","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1148_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac037","volume":"107","author":"EC Coopmans","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coopmans, E. C., van der Lely, A. J. & Neggers, S. J. C. M. M. Approach to the patient with treatment-resistant acromegaly. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 1759\u20131766 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-013-0504-2","volume":"17","author":"JC Stone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stone, J. C., Clark, J., Cuneo, R., Russell, A. W. & Doi, S. A. Estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for the treatment of acromegaly: a meta-analysis of published observational studies. Pituitary 17, 284\u2013295 (2014).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3913","volume":"100","author":"FH Duarte","year":"2015","unstructured":"Duarte, F. H., Jallad, R. S. & Bronstein, M. D. Clomiphene citrate for treatment of acromegaly not controlled by conventional therapies. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 1863\u20131869 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1148_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-021-01204-w","volume":"25","author":"J Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2022","unstructured":"Magalh\u00e3es, J. et al. A prospective study on the efficacy of oral estrogen in female patients with acromegaly. Pituitary 25, 433\u2013443 (2022).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11102-019-00988-2","volume":"22","author":"KKY Ho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ho, K. K. Y. et al. A tale of pituitary adenomas: to NET or not to NET: Pituitary Society position statement. Pituitary 22, 569\u2013573 (2019).","journal-title":"Pituitary"},{"key":"1148_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R545","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-19-0083","volume":"26","author":"BC Whitelaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Whitelaw, B. C. How and when to use temozolomide to treat aggressive pituitary tumours. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 26, R545\u2013R552 (2019).","journal-title":"Endocr. Relat. Cancer"},{"key":"1148_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(23)00382-0","volume":"12","author":"KKY Ho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ho, K. K. Y. et al. A proposed clinical classification for pituitary neoplasms to guide therapy and prognosis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 12, 209\u2013214 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-025-01148-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-025-01148-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-025-01148-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:03:31Z","timestamp":1760054611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41574-025-01148-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"references-count":172,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41574-025-01148-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5029","1759-5037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5029","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.M. received a research grant to their institution from Recordati Rare Diseases; is a consultant to Novo Nordisk and\u00a0Crinetics. L.d.F. received a research grant to his institution from Abiogen Pharma S.p.A. M.F. received grants to their institution from Amryt, Crinetics, Ionis and Recordati Rare Diseases, received occasional consulting fees or has served as occasional advisory board member for Amryt, Crinetics, Camurus, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. N.K. has been a speaker for Pfizer, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases, investigator for Pfizer and Ipsen and scientific advisory board for Pfizer, Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. M.G. has received speakers honoraria from Ipsen and Pfizer. R.S. has been a consultant for Lundbeck, Amryt, Novo Nordisk, Camurus, Ascendis and Crinetics. S.T. has received honoraria, lecture and advisory fees and grants from Crinetics, Novartis, Strongbridge, HRA Pharma and Recordati Rare Diseases. P.M. has been a principal investigator in clinical trials of Ipsen, Pfizer and Camurus, received consultation fee and research support from Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. E.B.G. is an investigator for research grants to MSKCC from Chiesi and Recordati Rare Diseases, consultant to Crinetics, Recordati and Chiesi. L.K. is on the advisory board for Novo Nordisk, Recordati Rare Diseases and Camurus and has received research support from Camarus. A.J.v.d.L. has received consulting and speaking fees from Amolyt Pharma and Pfizer. J.B. has received speakers fee from Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer and unrestricted research grants from Novartis and Ipsen. D.E. has received lecture fees from Ipsen, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.M.W. is on scientific advisory boards for Novartis, Ipsen, Pfizer, Lilly, Strongbridge, Shire, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and HRA and has received speaker fees from Ipsen, HRA, Recordati Rare Diseases and Consilient Health, unrestricted research funds from Novartis, Ipsen, Pfizer and HRA and participated in clinical trials of Novartis, Recordati Rare Diseases and Cortendo. E.V. is on the advisory board for Recordati Rare Diseases and HRA Pharma, received speaker fees from Recordati Rare Diseases, HRA Pharma and Ipsen. S.N. has received consulting, research and speaking fees from Novo Nordisk, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and Pfizer. P.C. has received unrestricted research and educational grants from Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases, Advanz and Pfizer, is an investigator (principal or coordinator) for clinical trials funded by Chiasma, Recordati Rare Diseases, Pfizer, Crinetics and Debiopharm, is a member of advisory boards for Pfizer, Crinetics, Recordati Rare Diseases and Amolyt, lectures for Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases and Pfizer. A.G.I. occasionally consults for Crinetics, Camurus and Xeris, has received research grants to their institution from Recordati Rare Diseases, Xeris and Chiesi. B.M.K.B. is a principal investigator of an institutional grant from Crinetics and occasional consultant to Amolyt, Amryt, Camurus, Crinetics and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.L.S. is principal investigator for Chiasma (Chiesi) and Pasireotide (Novartis, now Recordati Rare Diseases). K.S. has received honoraria for consulting, speaking and scientific projects from the following companies: Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases, Camurus, Crinetics, Novo Nordisk and Ascendis. I.S. has received consulting and lecture fees from Pfizer, Medison Pharma, Novo Nordisk and OPKO Biologics and participated in clinical studies by Crinetics and Debiopharm. C.L.B. has received speaking fees from Ipsen, consulting fees from Ipsen, Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk and is a principal investigator of clinical trials of Crinetics. A.C. is a principal investigator of research studies for Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer, a consultant for Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer, received honoraria from Novartis, Ipsen and Pfizer. P.K. participated in clinical trials of Carmus and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.F. has received consultancy and speaker fees from Ipsen and Pfizer, consultancy fee from Novartis, is an advisory board member for Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk and has received grants to their institution from Abiogen Pharma S.p.A. S.C. has received lecture and advisory fees and grants from Ipsen and Recordati Rare Diseases. S.P. has been a speaker at workshops and\/or an\u00a0advisory board member for HRA Pharma, Ipsen, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. M.R.G. has received speaker fees from Recordati Rare Diseases, Ipsen and Novo Nordisk, is a\u00a0member of the advisory board of Recordati Rare Diseases, Ipsen, Novo Nordisk and Crinetics, is principal investigator in clinical trials from Recordati Rare Diseases and Crinetics. M.P.-D. received funding for advisory board or lectures given at symposia organized by Recordati Rare Diseases, Pfizer, Novartis and Ipsen. A.L. has received lecture fees from Ipsen and served as consultant for Novo Nordisk. T.B. is clinical trial investigator for Xeris, Crinetics, Debiopharm and Recordati Rare Diseases, is on advisory boards for Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases and Novo Nordisk, received speaker fees from Pfizer, Recordati Rare Diseases, Novo Nordisk and received research grants from Pfizer. D.F. received fees for lecture and advisory boards from Novartis, Camurus and Recordati Rare Diseases. Y.G. participated in clinical trials of Crinetics, Cortendo, Debiopharm and Ascendis. C.J.S. is an advisory board member or recipient of speaker\u2019s fees from Novo Nordisk, Amolyt, Pfizer, Crinetics, Sandoz-Hexal, Recordati Rare Diseases, Debiopharm and Consilient Health. A.G. is a consultant for Amolyt, Ipsen, Pfizer and Recordati Rare Diseases. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}