{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T02:53:05Z","timestamp":1789699985586,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00674-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T11:03:29Z","timestamp":1662116609000},"page":"120-128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Tango of B cells with T cells in the making of secretory antibodies to gut bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8860-704X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ludvig M.","family":"Sollid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-1766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Iversen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"674_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2008.08.001","volume":"29","author":"K Suzuki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suzuki, K. & Fagarasan, S. How host-bacterial interactions lead to IgA synthesis in the gut. Trends Immunol. 29, 523\u2013531 (2008).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2007.6","volume":"1","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Macpherson, A. J., McCoy, K. D., Johansen, F. E. & Brandtzaeg, P. The immune geography of IgA induction and function. Mucosal Immunol. 1, 11\u201322 (2008).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02319.x","volume":"70","author":"P Brandtzaeg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg, P. Mucosal immunity: induction, dissemination, and effector functions. Scand. J. Immunol. 70, 505\u2013515 (2009).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90406-X","volume":"97","author":"P Brandtzaeg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg, P. et al. Immunobiology and immunopathology of human gut mucosa: humoral immunity and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Gastroenterology 97, 1562\u20131584 (1989).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"674_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.112.4.1553","volume":"112","author":"P Brandtzaeg","year":"1974","unstructured":"Brandtzaeg, P. Mucosal and glandular distribution of immunoglobulin components: differential localization of free and bound SC in secretory epithelial cells. J. Immunol. 112, 1553\u20131559 (1974).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12489-0","volume":"361","author":"F Guarner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guarner, F. & Malagelada, J. R. Gut flora in health and disease. Lancet 361, 512\u2013519 (2003).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"674_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002533","volume":"14","author":"R Sender","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sender, R., Fuchs, S. & Milo, R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 14, e1002533 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"674_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5879","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901838","volume":"183","author":"S Boullier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Boullier, S. et al. Secretory IgA-mediated neutralization of Shigella flexneri prevents intestinal tissue destruction by down-regulating inflammatory circuits. J. Immunol. 183, 5879\u20135885 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001097","volume":"6","author":"K Endt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Endt, K. et al. The microbiota mediates pathogen clearance from the gut lumen after non-typhoidal Salmonella diarrhea. PLoS Pathog. 6, e1001097 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"674_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02856-14","volume":"83","author":"KJ Levinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levinson, K. J., De Jesus, M. & Mantis, N. J. Rapid effects of a protective O-polysaccharide-specific monoclonal IgA on Vibrio cholerae agglutination, motility, and surface morphology. Infect. Immun. 83, 1674\u20131683 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"674_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180427","volume":"215","author":"A Nakajima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakajima, A. et al. IgA regulates the composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota by promoting symbiosis between bacteria. J. Exp. Med. 215, 2019\u20132034 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22058","volume":"544","author":"K Moor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moor, K. et al. High-avidity IgA protects the intestine by enchaining growing bacteria. Nature 544, 498\u2013502 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03973-7","volume":"598","author":"T Rollenske","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rollenske, T. et al. Parallelism of intestinal secretory IgA shapes functional microbial fitness. Nature 598, 657\u2013661 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00563-w","volume":"19","author":"O Pabst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pabst, O. & Izcue, A. Secretory IgA: controlling the gut microbiota. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 149\u2013150 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"674_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaq0926","volume":"360","author":"GP Donaldson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Donaldson, G. P. et al. Gut microbiota utilize immunoglobulin A for mucosal colonization. Science 360, 795\u2013800 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12630","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.633800","volume":"290","author":"DA Peterson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peterson, D. A. et al. Characterizing the interactions between a naturally primed immunoglobulin A and its conserved Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species-specific epitope in gnotobiotic mice. J. Biol. Chem. 290, 12630\u201312649 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"674_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.001555","volume":"11","author":"DC Parker","year":"1993","unstructured":"Parker, D. C. T cell-dependent B cell activation. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 11, 331\u2013360 (1993).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/314537a0","volume":"314","author":"A Lanzavecchia","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lanzavecchia, A. Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. Nature 314, 537\u2013539 (1985).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.13.040195.003255","volume":"13","author":"JJ Mond","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mond, J. J., Lees, A. & Snapper, C. M. T cell-independent antigens type 2. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 655\u2013692 (1995).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5474.2222","volume":"288","author":"AJ Macpherson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Macpherson, A. J. et al. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science 288, 2222\u20132226 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan6619","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6619","volume":"358","author":"JJ Bunker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bunker, J. J. et al. Natural polyreactive IgA antibodies coat the intestinal microbiota. Science 358, eaan6619 (2017).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7772","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.7772","volume":"177","author":"P Bergqvist","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bergqvist, P., Gardby, E., Stensson, A., Bemark, M. & Lycke, N. Y. Gut IgA class switch recombination in the absence of CD40 does not occur in the lamina propria and is independent of germinal centers. J. Immunol. 177, 7772\u20137783 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7473","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0802831","volume":"182","author":"Y Souwer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Souwer, Y. et al. B cell receptor-mediated internalization of salmonella: a novel pathway for autonomous B cell activation and antibody production. J. Immunol. 182, 7473\u20137481 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.990160312","volume":"16","author":"LA van der Waaij","year":"1994","unstructured":"van der Waaij, L. A., Mesander, G., Limburg, P. C. & van der Waaij, D. Direct flow cytometry of anaerobic bacteria in human feces. Cytometry 16, 270\u2013279 (1994).","journal-title":"Cytometry"},{"key":"674_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.348","volume":"38","author":"LA van der Waaij","year":"1996","unstructured":"van der Waaij, L. A., Limburg, P. C., Mesander, G. & van der Waaij, D. In vivo IgA coating of anaerobic bacteria in human faeces. Gut 38, 348\u2013354 (1996).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"674_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.08.006","volume":"158","author":"NW Palm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palm, N. W. et al. Immunoglobulin A coating identifies colitogenic bacteria in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell 158, 1000\u20131010 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"674_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.007","volume":"43","author":"JJ Bunker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bunker, J. J. et al. Innate and adaptive humoral responses coat distinct commensal bacteria with immunoglobulin A. Immunity 43, 541\u2013553 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2564-6","volume":"584","author":"H Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, H. et al. Mucosal or systemic microbiota exposures shape the B cell repertoire. Nature 584, 274\u2013278 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2909","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02909","volume":"10","author":"MA Campanero-Rhodes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Campanero-Rhodes, M. A., Palma, A. S., Menendez, M. & Solis, D. Microarray strategies for exploring bacterial surface glycans and their interactions with glycan-binding proteins. Front. Microbiol. 10, 2909 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"674_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0106-2","volume":"19","author":"T Rollenske","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rollenske, T. et al. Cross-specificity of protective human antibodies against Klebsiella pneumoniae LPS O-antigen. Nat. Immunol. 19, 617\u2013624 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0223-8","volume":"13","author":"T Rollenske","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rollenske, T. & Macpherson, A. J. Anti-commensal Ig-from enormous diversity to clear function. Mucosal Immunol. 13, 1\u20132 (2020).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181635","volume":"217","author":"D Sterlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sterlin, D. et al. Human IgA binds a diverse array of commensal bacteria. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20181635 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(97)80074-X","volume":"9","author":"AL DeFranco","year":"1997","unstructured":"DeFranco, A. L. The complexity of signaling pathways activated by the BCR. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 9, 296\u2013308 (1997).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200275","volume":"217","author":"J Kabbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kabbert, J. et al. High microbiota reactivity of adult human intestinal IgA requires somatic mutations. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20200275 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-019-0227-4","volume":"13","author":"O Pabst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pabst, O. & Slack, E. IgA and the intestinal microbiota: the importance of being specific. Mucosal Immunol. 13, 12\u201321 (2020).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20140","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M301436200","volume":"278","author":"L Royle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Royle, L. et al. Secretory IgA N- and O-glycans provide a link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. J. Biol. Chem. 278, 20140\u201320153 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"674_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.2.5.18269","volume":"2","author":"A Mathias","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathias, A. & Corthesy, B. N-Glycans on secretory component: mediators of the interaction between secretory IgA and gram-positive commensals sustaining intestinal homeostasis. Gut Microbes 2, 287\u2013293 (2011).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"674_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2262-4","volume":"582","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. BCR selection and affinity maturation in Peyer\u2019s patch germinal centres. Nature 582, 421\u2013425 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00911-1","volume":"6","author":"M Diard","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diard, M. et al. A rationally designed oral vaccine induces immunoglobulin A in the murine gut that directs the evolution of attenuated Salmonella variants. Nat. Microbiol. 6, 830\u2013841 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"674_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44447","volume":"121","author":"J Benckert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Benckert, J. et al. The majority of intestinal IgA+ and IgG+ plasmablasts in the human gut are antigen-specific. J. Clin. Invest. 121, 1946\u20131955 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"674_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001587","volume":"185","author":"R Di Niro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Di Niro, R. et al. Rapid generation of rotavirus-specific human monoclonal antibodies from small-intestinal mucosa. J. Immunol. 185, 5377\u20135383 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2656","volume":"18","author":"R Di Niro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Di Niro, R. et al. High abundance of plasma cells secreting transglutaminase 2-specific IgA autoantibodies with limited somatic hypermutation in celiac disease intestinal lesions. Nat. Med. 18, 441\u2013445 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"674_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5041","volume":"5","author":"\u00d8 Steinsbo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steinsbo, \u00d8. et al. Restricted VH\/VL usage and limited mutations in gluten-specific IgA of coeliac disease lesion plasma cells. Nat. Commun. 5, 4041 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"674_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.59","volume":"9","author":"J Spencer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Spencer, J. & Sollid, L. M. The human intestinal B-cell response. Mucosal Immunol. 9, 1113\u20131124 (2016).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.001","volume":"52","author":"TM Fenton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fenton, T. M. et al. Immune profiling of human gut-associated lymphoid tissue identifies a role for isolated lymphoid follicles in priming of region-specific immunity. Immunity 52, 557\u2013570.e6 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00389-4","volume":"14","author":"UM Morbe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Morbe, U. M. et al. Human gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT); diversity, structure, and function. Mucosal Immunol. 14, 793\u2013802 (2021).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.10.046","volume":"150","author":"A Habtezion","year":"2016","unstructured":"Habtezion, A., Nguyen, L. P., Hadeiba, H. & Butcher, E. C. Leukocyte trafficking to the small intestine and colon. Gastroenterology 150, 340\u2013354 (2016).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"674_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.134.1.188","volume":"134","author":"SW Craig","year":"1971","unstructured":"Craig, S. W. & Cebra, J. J. Peyer\u2019s patches: an enriched source of precursors for IgA-producing immunocytes in the rabbit. J. Exp. Med. 134, 188\u2013200 (1971).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20111980","volume":"209","author":"C Lindner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lindner, C. et al. Age, microbiota, and T cells shape diverse individual IgA repertoires in the intestine. J. Exp. Med. 209, 365\u2013377 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830271131","volume":"27","author":"DK Dunn-Walters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunn-Walters, D. K., Boursier, L. & Spencer, J. Hypermutation, diversity and dissemination of human intestinal lamina propria plasma cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 2959\u20132964 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2015.57","volume":"9","author":"R Di Niro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Niro, R. et al. Responsive population dynamics and wide seeding into the duodenal lamina propria of transglutaminase-2-specific plasma cells in celiac disease. Mucosal Immunol. 9, 254\u2013264 (2016).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830270217","volume":"27","author":"DK Dunn-Walters","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dunn-Walters, D. K., Isaacson, P. G. & Spencer, J. Sequence analysis of human IgVH genes indicates that ileal lamina propria plasma cells are derived from Peyer\u2019s patches. Eur. J. Immunol. 27, 463\u2013467 (1997).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvv121","volume":"159","author":"H Ohno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ohno, H. Intestinal M cells. J. Biochem. 159, 151\u2013160 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"674_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aaf4822","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf4822","volume":"352","author":"A Reboldi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reboldi, A. et al. IgA production requires B cell interaction with subepithelial dendritic cells in Peyer\u2019s patches. Science 352, aaf4822 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10144-w","volume":"10","author":"RJ Komban","year":"2019","unstructured":"Komban, R. J. et al. Activated Peyer\u2019s patch B cells sample antigen directly from M cells in the subepithelial dome. Nat. Commun. 10, 2423 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"674_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0505-z","volume":"20","author":"JE Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang, J. E., Buechler, M. B., Gressier, E., Turley, S. J. & Carroll, M. C. Mechanosensing by Peyer\u2019s patch stroma regulates lymphocyte migration and mucosal antibody responses. Nat. Immunol. 20, 1506\u20131516 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1900","volume":"11","author":"CC Goodnow","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goodnow, C. C., Vinuesa, C. G., Randall, K. L., Mackay, F. & Brink, R. Control systems and decision making for antibody production. Nat. Immunol. 11, 681\u2013688 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-120419-022408","volume":"40","author":"GD Victora","year":"2022","unstructured":"Victora, G. D. & Nussenzweig, M. C. Germinal centers. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 40, 413\u2013442 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.3.485","volume":"191","author":"CG de Vinuesa","year":"2000","unstructured":"de Vinuesa, C. G. et al. Germinal centers without T cells. J. Exp. Med. 191, 485\u2013494 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011112","volume":"195","author":"KM Toellner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Toellner, K. M. et al. Low-level hypermutation in T cell-independent germinal centers compared with high mutation rates associated with T cell-dependent germinal centers. J. Exp. Med. 195, 383\u2013389 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12890","volume":"296","author":"A Biram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biram, A. & Shulman, Z. T cell help to B cells: cognate and atypical interactions in peripheral and intestinal lymphoid tissues. Immunol. Rev. 296, 36\u201347 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"674_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.01.032","volume":"30","author":"A Biram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biram, A. et al. B cell diversification is uncoupled from SAP-mediated selection forces in chronic germinal centers within Peyer\u2019s patches. Cell Rep. 30, 1910\u20131922.e5 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"674_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.04.011","volume":"50","author":"S Crotty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crotty, S. T follicular helper cell biology: a decade of discovery and diseases. Immunity 50, 1132\u20131148 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.12.004","volume":"44","author":"FJ Weisel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weisel, F. J., Zuccarino-Catania, G. V., Chikina, M. & Shlomchik, M. J. A temporal switch in the germinal center determines differential output of memory B and plasma cells. Immunity 44, 116\u2013130 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073924","volume":"297","author":"J William","year":"2002","unstructured":"William, J., Euler, C., Christensen, S. & Shlomchik, M. J. Evolution of autoantibody responses via somatic hypermutation outside of germinal centers. Science 297, 2066\u20132070 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.10.6200","volume":"178","author":"AF Cunningham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cunningham, A. F. et al. Salmonella induces a switched antibody response without germinal centers that impedes the extracellular spread of infection. J. Immunol. 178, 6200\u20136207 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.06.013","volume":"43","author":"R Di Niro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Niro, R. et al. Salmonella infection drives promiscuous B cell activation followed by extrafollicular affinity maturation. Immunity 43, 120\u2013131 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20060087","volume":"203","author":"D Paus","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paus, D. et al. Antigen recognition strength regulates the choice between extrafollicular plasma cell and germinal center B cell differentiation. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1081\u20131091 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.07.001","volume":"51","author":"JA Roco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Roco, J. A. et al. Class-switch recombination occurs infrequently in germinal centers. Immunity 51, 337\u2013350.e7 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12400","volume":"271","author":"A Reboldi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reboldi, A. & Cyster, J. G. Peyer\u2019s patches: organizing B-cell responses at the intestinal frontier. Immunol. Rev. 271, 230\u2013245 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"674_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2865-9","volume":"588","author":"CR Nowosad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nowosad, C. R. et al. Tunable dynamics of B cell selection in gut germinal centres. Nature 588, 321\u2013326 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002782","volume":"136","author":"NM Weisel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weisel, N. M. et al. Comprehensive analyses of B-cell compartments across the human body reveal novel subsets and a gut-resident memory phenotype. Blood 136, 2774\u20132785 (2020).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"674_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1077336","volume":"298","author":"S Fagarasan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fagarasan, S. et al. Critical roles of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the homeostasis of gut flora. Science 298, 1424\u20131427 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1991","volume":"12","author":"M Wei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wei, M. et al. Mice carrying a knock-in mutation of Aicda resulting in a defect in somatic hypermutation have impaired gut homeostasis and compromised mucosal defense. Nat. Immunol. 12, 264\u2013270 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.4.513","volume":"19","author":"FD Batista","year":"2000","unstructured":"Batista, F. D. & Neuberger, M. S. B cells extract and present immobilized antigen: implications for affinity discrimination. EMBO J. 19, 513\u2013520 (2000).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"674_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.10.032","volume":"143","author":"GD Victora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Victora, G. D. et al. Germinal center dynamics revealed by multiphoton microscopy with a photoactivatable fluorescent reporter. Cell 143, 592\u2013605 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"674_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.115.2.361","volume":"115","author":"D Guy-Grand","year":"1975","unstructured":"Guy-Grand, D., Griscelli, C. & Vassalli, P. Peyer\u2019s patches, gut IgA plasma cells and thymic function: study in nude mice bearing thymic grafts. J. Immunol. 115, 361\u2013364 (1975).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702","volume":"22","author":"F Sallusto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sallusto, F., Geginat, J. & Lanzavecchia, A. Central memory and effector memory T cell subsets: function, generation, and maintenance. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22, 745\u2013763 (2004).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2010.00938.x","volume":"237","author":"T Yoshida","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yoshida, T. et al. Memory B and memory plasma cells. Immunol. Rev. 237, 117\u2013139 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"674_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202048630","volume":"51","author":"A Cassotta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cassotta, A. et al. Broadly reactive human CD4+ T cells against Enterobacteriaceae are found in the naive repertoire and are clonally expanded in the memory repertoire. Eur. J. Immunol. 51, 648\u2013661 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-020-0315-5","volume":"14","author":"R Bartolome-Casado","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bartolome-Casado, R. et al. CD4+ T cells persist for years in the human small intestine and display a TH1 cytokine profile. Mucosal Immunol. 14, 402\u2013410 (2021).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20161590","volume":"214","author":"OJ Landsverk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landsverk, O. J. et al. Antibody-secreting plasma cells persist for decades in human intestine. J. Exp. Med. 214, 309\u2013317 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188454","volume":"328","author":"S Hapfelmeier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hapfelmeier, S. et al. Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses. Science 328, 1705\u20131709 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"674_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3213","volume":"16","author":"C Lindner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lindner, C. et al. Diversification of memory B cells drives the continuous adaptation of secretory antibodies to gut microbiota. Nat. Immunol. 16, 880\u2013888 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.6.855","volume":"187","author":"Y Cong","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cong, Y. et al. CD4+ T cells reactive to enteric bacterial antigens in spontaneously colitic C3H\/HeJBir mice: increased T helper cell type 1 response and ability to transfer disease. J. Exp. Med. 187, 855\u2013864 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"674_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.08.014","volume":"54","author":"M Muschaweck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muschaweck, M. et al. Cognate recognition of microbial antigens defines constricted CD4+ T cell receptor repertoires in the inflamed colon. Immunity 54, 2565\u20132577.e6 (2021).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"674_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-153544","volume":"113","author":"HE Mei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mei, H. E. et al. Blood-borne human plasma cells in steady state are derived from mucosal immune responses. Blood 113, 2461\u20132469 (2009).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"674_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2012.56","volume":"6","author":"P Bergqvist","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bergqvist, P. et al. Re-utilization of germinal centers in multiple Peyer\u2019s patches results in highly synchronized, oligoclonal, and affinity-matured gut IgA responses. Mucosal Immunol. 6, 122\u2013135 (2013).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12698","volume":"7","author":"M Bemark","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bemark, M. et al. Limited clonal relatedness between gut IgA plasma cells and memory B cells after oral immunization. Nat. Commun. 7, 12698 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"674_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.032","volume":"180","author":"L Mesin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesin, L. et al. Restricted clonality and limited germinal center reentry characterize memory B cell reactivation by boosting. Cell 180, 92\u2013106.e11 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"674_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1814","volume":"10","author":"I Dogan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dogan, I. et al. Multiple layers of B cell memory with different effector functions. Nat. Immunol. 10, 1292\u20131299 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2914","volume":"15","author":"GV Zuccarino-Catania","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zuccarino-Catania, G. V. et al. CD80 and PD-L2 define functionally distinct memory B cell subsets that are independent of antibody isotype. Nat. Immunol. 15, 631\u2013637 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-345579","volume":"118","author":"MA Berkowska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berkowska, M. A. et al. Human memory B cells originate from three distinct germinal center-dependent and -independent maturation pathways. Blood 118, 2150\u20132158 (2011).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"674_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402708","volume":"195","author":"MA Berkowska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berkowska, M. A. et al. Circulating human CD27-IgA+ memory B cells recognize bacteria with polyreactive Igs. J. Immunol. 195, 1417\u20131426 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.022","volume":"30","author":"O Grimsholm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grimsholm, O. et al. The interplay between CD27(dull) and CD27(bright) B cells ensures the flexibility, stability, and resilience of human B cell memory. Cell Rep. 30, 2963\u20132977.e6 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"674_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005641","volume":"4","author":"I Olsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olsen, I. et al. Isolation of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis reactive CD4 T cells from intestinal biopsies of Crohn\u2019s disease patients. PLoS ONE 4, e5641 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"674_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.047","volume":"153","author":"AN Hegazy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hegazy, A. N. et al. Circulating and tissue-resident CD4+ T cells with reactivity to intestinal microbiota are abundant in healthy individuals and function is altered during inflammation. Gastroenterology 153, 1320\u20131337.e16 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"674_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.03.064","volume":"161","author":"KL Alexander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexander, K. L. et al. Human microbiota flagellins drive adaptive immune responses in Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 161, 522\u2013535.e6 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"674_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13279","volume":"510","author":"Y Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Focused specificity of intestinal TH17 cells towards commensal bacterial antigens. Nature 510, 152\u2013156 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31821a23d0","volume":"54","author":"S Husby","year":"2012","unstructured":"Husby, S. et al. European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition guidelines for the diagnosis of coeliac disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 54, 136\u2013160 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"674_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700169","volume":"199","author":"B Roy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Roy, B. et al. High-throughput single-cell analysis of B cell receptor usage among autoantigen-specific plasma cells in celiac disease. J. Immunol. 199, 782\u2013791 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200852","volume":"218","author":"I Lindeman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindeman, I. et al. Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease-specific plasma cells. J. Exp. Med 218, e20200852 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med"},{"key":"674_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.036","volume":"20","author":"R Iversen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iversen, R. et al. Strong clonal relatedness between serum and gut IgA despite different plasma cell origins. Cell Rep. 20, 2357\u20132367 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"674_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804647","volume":"361","author":"C Abraham","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abraham, C. & Cho, J. H. Inflammatory bowel disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2066\u20132078 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"674_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01680-y","volume":"28","author":"M Uzzan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uzzan, M. et al. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by a plasmablast-skewed humoral response associated with disease activity. Nat. Med. 28, 766\u2013779 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"674_CR106","first-page":"197","volume":"22","author":"K Baklien","year":"1975","unstructured":"Baklien, K. & Brandtzaeg, P. Comparative mapping of the local distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease of the colon. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 22, 197\u2013209 (1975).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.38.3.365","volume":"38","author":"A Macpherson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Macpherson, A., Khoo, U. Y., Forgacs, I., Philpott-Howard, J. & Bjarnason, I. Mucosal antibodies in inflammatory bowel disease are directed against intestinal bacteria. Gut 38, 365\u2013375 (1996).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"674_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420295","volume":"113","author":"MJ Lodes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lodes, M. J. et al. Bacterial flagellin is a dominant antigen in Crohn disease. J. Clin. Invest. 113, 1296\u20131306 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"674_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.482","volume":"41","author":"K Asano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asano, K. et al. A genome-wide association study identifies three new susceptibility loci for ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population. Nat. Genet. 41, 1325\u20131329 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"674_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","volume":"491","author":"L Jostins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jostins, L. et al. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 491, 119\u2013124 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"674_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4110","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-459289","volume":"121","author":"D Pinto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinto, D. et al. A functional BCR in human IgA and IgM plasma cells. Blood 121, 4110\u20134114 (2013).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"674_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13120","volume":"95","author":"LM Sollid","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sollid, L. M. Gut tissue-resident memory T cells in coeliac disease. Scand. J. Immunol. 95, e13120 (2022).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"674_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-014-0819-9","volume":"67","author":"E Bergseng","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergseng, E. et al. Different binding motifs of the celiac disease-associated HLA molecules DQ2.5, DQ2.2, and DQ7.5 revealed by relative quantitative proteomics of endogenous peptide repertoires. Immunogenetics 67, 73\u201384 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"674_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-019-01122-z","volume":"71","author":"C Garde","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garde, C. et al. Improved peptide-MHC class II interaction prediction through integration of eluted ligand and peptide affinity data. Immunogenetics 71, 445\u2013454 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"674_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12889","volume":"154","author":"KK Jensen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jensen, K. K. et al. Improved methods for predicting peptide binding affinity to MHC class II molecules. Immunology 154, 394\u2013406 (2018).","journal-title":"Immunology"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-022-00674-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-022-00674-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-022-00674-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,31]],"date-time":"2023-01-31T09:14:54Z","timestamp":1675156494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-022-00674-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-022-00674-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5045","1759-5053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5045","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 July 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}