{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:40:02Z","timestamp":1791582002374,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":194,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01075-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T04:22:58Z","timestamp":1747974178000},"page":"556-569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Menopause and gastrointestinal health and disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Dana","family":"Ley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumona","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa764","volume":"106","author":"N Santoro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Santoro, N. et al. The menopause transition: signs, symptoms, and management options. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106, 1\u201315 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2005.09.008","volume":"118","author":"N Santoro","year":"2005","unstructured":"Santoro, N. The menopausal transition. Am. J. Med. 118, 8\u201313 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31824d8f40","volume":"19","author":"SD Harlow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harlow, S. D. et al. Executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop+10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. Menopause 19, 387\u2013395 (2012).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000736","volume":"24","author":"P Paramsothy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Paramsothy, P. et al. Duration of the menopausal transition is longer in women with young age at onset: the multiethnic study of Women\u2019s health across the nation. Menopause 24, 142\u2013149 (2017).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5746","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-020622","volume":"87","author":"NA Klein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Klein, N. A. et al. Is the short follicular phase in older women secondary to advanced or accelerated dominant follicle development? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 87, 5746\u20135750 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31817d452b","volume":"112","author":"BJ Van Voorhis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Voorhis, B. J. et al. The relationship of bleeding patterns to daily reproductive hormones in women approaching menopause. Obstet. Gynecol. 112, 101\u2013108 (2008).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"1075_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-1746","volume":"96","author":"JF Randolph Jr.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Randolph, J. F. Jr. et al. Change in follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol across the menopausal transition: effect of age at the final menstrual period. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96, 746\u2013754 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3362","volume":"97","author":"SD Harlow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harlow, S. D. et al. STRAW+10 collaborative group. executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop+10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 1159\u20131168 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31818d414e","volume":"16","author":"NF Col","year":"2009","unstructured":"Col, N. F. et al. Duration of vasomotor symptoms in middle-aged women: a longitudinal study. Menopause 16, 453\u2013457 (2009).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-008-0655-4","volume":"23","author":"MC Politi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Politi, M. C., Schleinitz, M. D. & Col, N. F. Revisiting the duration of vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a meta-analysis. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 23, 1507\u20131513 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Gen. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.07.006","volume":"45","author":"SR El Khoudary","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Khoudary, S. R. & Thurston, R. C. Cardiovascular implications of the menopause transition: endogenous sex hormones and vasomotor symptoms. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North. Am. 45, 641\u2013661 (2018).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"1075_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000329","volume":"21","author":"DJ Portman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Portman, D. J., Gass, M. L. & Vulvovaginal Atrophy Terminology Consensus Conference Panel. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: new terminology for vulvovaginal atrophy from the International society for the study of women\u2019s sexual health and the North American menopause society. Menopause 21, 1063\u20131068 (2014).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e31815a5168","volume":"151","author":"KB Levine","year":"2008","unstructured":"Levine, K. B., Williams, R. E. & Hartmann, K. E. Vulvovaginal atrophy is strongly associated with female sexual dysfunction among sexually active postmenopausal women. Menopause 151, 661\u2013666 (2008).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171100016X","volume":"41","author":"JT Bromberger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bromberger, J. T. et al. Major depression during and after the menopausal transition: study of women\u2019s health across the nation (SWAN). Psychol. Med. 41, 1879\u20131888 (2011).","journal-title":"Psychol. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-013-0100-1","volume":"30","author":"CN Soares","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soares, C. N. Depression in peri- and postmenopausal women: prevalence, pathophysiology and pharmacological management. Drugs Aging 30, 677\u2013685 (2013).","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"1075_CR16","first-page":"19","volume":"10","author":"HM Kravitz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kravitz, H. M. et al. Sleep difficulty in women at midlife: a community survey of sleep and the menopausal transition. Menopause 10, 19\u201328 (2003).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1097\/01.gme.0000172596.76272.06","volume":"13","author":"SR Leiblum","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leiblum, S. R. et al. Hypoactive sexual desire disorder in postmenopausal women: US results from the women\u2019s international study of health and sexuality (WISHeS). Menopause 13, 46\u201356 (2006).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2794-2","volume":"25","author":"F Cosman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cosman, F. et al. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Clinician\u2019s guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos. Int. 25, 2359\u20132381 (2014).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"1075_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2013.810437","volume":"16","author":"JV Pinkerton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinkerton, J. V., Komm, B. S. & Mirkin, S. Tissue selective estrogen complex combinations with bazedoxifene\/conjugated estrogens as a model. Climacteric 16, 618\u2013628 (2013).","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"1075_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2018.07.012","volume":"45","author":"AS Karlamangla","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karlamangla, A. S., Burnett-Bowie, S.-A. & Crandall, C. J. Bone health during the menopause transition and beyond. Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North. Am. 45, 695\u2013708 (2018).","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. North. Am."},{"key":"1075_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(99)00062-X","volume":"71","author":"P Polo-Kantola","year":"1999","unstructured":"Polo-Kantola, P. et al. Effect of short-term transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on sleep: a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in postmenopausal women. Fertil. Steril. 71, 873\u2013880 (1999).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"1075_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3975","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-2236","volume":"100","author":"CA Stuenkel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stuenkel, C. A. et al. Treatment of symptoms of the menopause: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 3975\u20134011 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s1","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2509","volume":"95","author":"RJ Santen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Santen, R. J. et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, s1\u2013s66 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[No authors listed]. Effects of hormone replacement therapy on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. The postmenopausal estrogen\/progestin interventions (PEPI) trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial. JAMA 275, 370\u2013375 (1996).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530290040035"},{"key":"1075_CR25","first-page":"147","volume":"10","author":"L Weber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Weber, L. & Thacker, H. L. Paroxetine: a first for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors \u2014 a new use. Approved for vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. Womens Health 10, 147\u2013154 (2014).","journal-title":"Womens Health"},{"key":"1075_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002200","volume":"30","author":"The North American Menopause Society.","year":"2023","unstructured":"The North American Menopause Society. The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of the North American menopause society. Menopause 30, 573\u2013590 (2023).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5025","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-021-01900-w","volume":"38","author":"SJ Menown","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menown, S. J. & Tello, J. A. Neurokinin 3 receptor antagonists compared with serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors for non-hormonal treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a systematic qualitative review. Adv. Ther. 38, 5025\u20135045 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"1075_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2013.07.003","volume":"34","author":"NE Rance","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rance, N. E., Dacks, P. A., Mittelman-Smith, M. A., Romanovsky, A. A. & Krajewski-Hall, S. J. Modulation of body temperature and LH secretion by hypothalamic KNDy (kisspeptin, neurokinin B and dynorphin) neurons: a novel hypothesis on the mechanism of hot flushes. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 34, 211\u2013227 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"1075_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1177\/87551225231198700","volume":"39","author":"ES Onge","year":"2023","unstructured":"Onge, E. S., Phillips, B. & Miller, L. Fezolinetant: a new nonhormonal treatment for vasomotor symptoms. J. Pharm. Technol. 39, 291\u2013297 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Technol."},{"key":"1075_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002328","volume":"31","author":"NE Cieri-Hutcherson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cieri-Hutcherson, N. E. et al. Systematic review of neurokinin-3 receptor antagonists for the management of vasomotor symptoms of menopause. Menopause 31, 342\u2013354 (2024).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-145-12-200612190-00003","volume":"145","author":"KM Newton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newton, K. M. et al. Treatment of vasomotor symptoms of menopause with black cohosh, multibotanicals, soy, hormone therapy, or placebo: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 145, 869\u2013879 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1546","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.5.R1546","volume":"280","author":"S Shah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shah, S. et al. E2 and not P4 increases NO release from NANC nerves of the gastrointestinal tract: implications in pregnancy. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 280, R1546\u2013R1554 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"1075_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(00)01008-0","volume":"68","author":"S Bradesi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bradesi, S. et al. Effect of ovarian hormones on intestinal mast cell reactivity to substance P. Life Sci. 68, 1047\u20131056 (2001).","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"1075_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2016.02.003","volume":"45","author":"JK Zia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zia, J. K. & Heitkemper, M. M. Upper gastrointestinal tract motility disorders in women, gastroparesis, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am. 45, 239\u2013251 (2016).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"1075_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2857","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-011-1679-x","volume":"56","author":"T Murao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Murao, T. et al. Lifestyle change influences on GERD in Japan: a study of participants in a health examination program. Dig. Dis. Sci. 56, 2857\u20132864 (2011).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1075_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.1.66","volume":"290","author":"M Nilsson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nilsson, M. et al. Obesity and estrogen as risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. JAMA 290, 66\u201372 (2003).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1075_CR37","first-page":"968","volume":"92","author":"LC Knight","year":"1997","unstructured":"Knight, L. C. et al. Delayed gastric emptying and decreased antral contractility in normal pre-menopausal women compared with men. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 92, 968\u2013975 (1997).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR38","first-page":"1204","volume":"28","author":"F Datz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Datz, F., Christian, P. & Moore, J. Gender-related differences in gastric emptying. J. Nucl. Med. 28, 1204\u20131207 (1987).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076.e562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2012.01972.x","volume":"24","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Camilleri, M. et al. Performance characteristics of scintigraphic measurement of gastric emptying of solids in healthy participants. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 24, 1076.e562 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"1075_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/dote\/11.2.106","volume":"11","author":"RB Ter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ter, R. B., Johnston, B. T. & Castell, D. O. Influence of age and gender on gastroesophageal reflux in symptomatic patients. Dis. Esophagus 11, 106\u2013108 (1998).","journal-title":"Dis. Esophagus"},{"key":"1075_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)90758-0","volume":"96","author":"W Hutson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hutson, W., Roehrkasse, R. & Wald, A. Influence of gender and menopause on gastric emptying and motility. Gastroenterology 96, 11\u201317 (1989).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.015","volume":"140","author":"HP Parkman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Parkman, H. P. et al. Clinical features of idiopathic gastroparesis vary with sex, body mass, symptom onset, delay in gastric emptying, and gastroparesis severity. Gastroenterology 140, 101\u2013115 (2011).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.190009","volume":"38","author":"YS Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, Y. S. et al. Sex differences in gut microbiota. World J. Mens Health 38, 48\u201360 (2020).","journal-title":"World J. Mens Health"},{"key":"1075_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1002533","volume":"14","author":"R Sender","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sender, R., Fuchs, S. & Milo, R. Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol. 14, e1002533 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"1075_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2433","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i10.2433","volume":"20","author":"A Mulak","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mulak, A., Tach\u00e9, Y. & Larauche, M. Sex hormones in the modulation of irritable bowel syndrome. World J. Gastroenterol. 20, 2433\u20132448 (2014).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR46","first-page":"djw029","volume":"108","author":"M Kwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwa, M. et al. The intestinal microbiome and estrogen receptor-positive female breast cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 108, djw029 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"1075_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.08.001","volume":"27","author":"KL Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen, K. L. & Madak-Erdogan, Z. Estrogen and microbiota crosstalk: should we pay attention? Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 27, 752\u2013755 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5763","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01182-13","volume":"79","author":"R Menon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menon, R. et al. Diet complexity and estrogen receptor \u03b2 status affect the composition of the murine intestinal microbiota. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 79, 5763\u20135773 (2013).","journal-title":"Appl. Env. Microbiol."},{"key":"1075_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2017.06.025","volume":"103","author":"JM Baker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baker, J. M., Al-Nakkash, L. & Herbst-Kralovetz, M. M. Estrogen\u2013gut microbiome axis: physiological and clinical implications. Maturitas 103, 45\u201353 (2017).","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1075_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-10-253","volume":"10","author":"R Flores","year":"2012","unstructured":"Flores, R. et al. Fecal microbial determinants of fecal and systemic estrogens and estrogen metabolites: a cross-sectional study. J. Transl. Med. 10, 253 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1528822","volume":"10","author":"T Sinha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sinha, T. et al. Analysis of 1135 gut metagenomes identifies sex-specific resistome profiles. Gut Microbes 10, 358\u2013366 (2019).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1075_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4586","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000097107","volume":"108","author":"MJ Claesson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Claesson, M. J. et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 4586\u20134591 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1075_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303304","volume":"62","author":"EM Dewulf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dewulf, E. M. et al. Insight into the prebiotic concept: lessons from an exploratory, double blind intervention study with inulin-type fructans in obese women. Gut 62, 1112\u20131121 (2013).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1075_CR54","first-page":"26","volume":"19","author":"SC Bischoff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bischoff, S. C. Microbiota and aging. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 19, 26\u201330 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"1075_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1109055","volume":"47","author":"P Enck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Enck, P. et al. The effects of aging on the colonic bacterial microflora in adults. Z. Gastroenterol. 47, 653\u2013658 (2009).","journal-title":"Z. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR56","unstructured":"Antunes, C., Aleem, A. & Curtis, S. A. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (Archived). StatPearls https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441938\/# (2023)."},{"key":"1075_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7599.2008.00316.x","volume":"20","author":"M Infantino","year":"2008","unstructured":"Infantino, M. The prevalence and pattern of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women. J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract. 20, 266\u2013272 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Nurse Pract."},{"key":"1075_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S168","DOI":"10.14309\/01.ajg.0000774008.23848.49","volume":"116","author":"F Shibli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shibli, F. et al. Menopause is an important risk factor for GERD and its complications in women. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 116, S168\u2013S169 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1097\/MEG.0b013e32835fbaab","volume":"25","author":"S Menon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menon, S. et al. Do differences in female sex hormone levels contribute to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease? Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 25, 772\u2013777 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002214","volume":"30","author":"WA Aldhaleei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aldhaleei, W. A. et al. The association between menopausal hormone therapy and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 30, 867\u2013872 (2023).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.046","volume":"154","author":"HG Coleman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coleman, H. G., Xie, S. H. & Lagergren, J. The epidemiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 154, 390\u2013405 (2018).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13010141","volume":"13","author":"J Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Global burden, risk factors, and trends of esophageal cancer: an analysis of cancer registries from 48 countries. Cancers 13, 141 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1075_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpg.2018.11.008","volume":"36\u201337","author":"SH Xie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xie, S. H. & Lagergren, J. Risk factors for oesophageal cancer. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 36\u201337, 3\u20138 (2018).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38876","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.9113","volume":"7","author":"SH Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie, S. H. & Lagergren, J. A global assessment of the male predominance in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 7, 38876\u201338883 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1075_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.10.005","volume":"14","author":"SH Xie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xie, S. H. & Lagergren, J. The male predominance in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 338\u2013347.e331 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2008.161331","volume":"58","author":"MH Derakhshan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Derakhshan, M. H. et al. Oesophageal and gastric intestinal-type adenocarcinomas show the same male predominance due to a 17 year delayed development in females. Gut 58, 16\u201323 (2009).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1075_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-021-01575-8","volume":"126","author":"SH Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie, S. H., Santoni, G. & Lagergren, J. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma in a population-based cohort study. Br. J. Cancer 126, 129\u2013133 (2022).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1075_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0389","volume":"4","author":"C Bodelon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bodelon, C. et al. Hormonal factors and risks of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in postmenopausal women. Cancer Prev. Res. 4, 840\u2013850 (2011).","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res."},{"key":"1075_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S1995-7645(13)60082-6","volume":"6","author":"D-D Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang, D.-D. et al. Risk factors of gastroparesis syndrome after abdominal non-gastroduodenal operation and its prevention. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 6, 497\u2013499 (2013).","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-14-34","volume":"14","author":"R Dickman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dickman, R. et al. Gender aspects suggestive of gastroparesis in patients with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Gastroenterol. 14, 34\u201339 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14030275","volume":"14","author":"J Khalil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khalil, J. et al. The association between hormone replacement therapy and gastroparesis in post-menopausal women: a worldwide database analysis. J. Pers. Med. 14, 275 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.08.008","volume":"149","author":"PJ Pasricha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pasricha, P. J. et al. Outcomes and factors associated with reduced symptoms in patients with gastroparesis. Gastroenterology 149, 1762\u201374.e4 (2015).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0717-4","volume":"54","author":"R Anaparthy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Anaparthy, R. et al. Gastroparesis and gastroparesis-like syndrome: response to therapy and its predictors. Dig. Dis. Sci. 54, 1003\u20131010 (2009).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1075_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.20.1774","volume":"280","author":"M Drici","year":"1998","unstructured":"Drici, M. et al. Cardiac actions of erythromycin: influence of female sex. JAMA 280, 1774\u20131776 (1998).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1075_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3182522624","volume":"46","author":"H Parkman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parkman, H. et al. Clinical response and side effects of metoclopramide: associations with clinical, demographic, and pharmacy genetic parameters. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 46, 494\u2013503 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2024.04.009","volume":"94","author":"KH Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, K. H. et al. Association between glycemic status and the risk of gastric cancer in pre\/peri- and postmenopausal women: a nationwide cohort study. Ann. Epidemiol. 94, 106\u2013112 (2024).","journal-title":"Ann. Epidemiol."},{"key":"1075_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2003.10.007","volume":"36","author":"M Pagliarulo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pagliarulo, M. et al. Gallstone disease and related risk factors in a large cohort of diabetic patients. Dig. Liv. Dis. 36, 130\u2013134 (2004).","journal-title":"Dig. Liv. Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2005.04.002","volume":"41","author":"KL Storti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Storti, K. L. et al. Physical activity and decreased risk of clinical gallstone disease among post-menopausal women. Prev. Med. 41, 772\u2013777 (2005).","journal-title":"Prev. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840030422","volume":"3","author":"AJ Schreiber","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schreiber, A. J. & Simon, F. R. Estrogen induced cholestasis: clues to pathogenesis and treatment. Hepatology 3, 607\u2013613 (1983).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197310000-00014","volume":"178","author":"J Lynn","year":"1973","unstructured":"Lynn, J. et al. Effects of estrogen upon bile: implications with respect to gallstone formation. Ann. Surg. 178, 514\u2013524 (1973).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"1075_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.18625","volume":"328","author":"CM Mangione","year":"2022","unstructured":"US Preventive Services Task Force; Mangione, C. M. et al. Hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA 328, 1740\u20131746 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1075_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.121490","volume":"185","author":"A Racine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Racine, A. et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cholecystectomy: a prospective study based on the French E3N cohort. CMAJ 185, 555\u2013561 (2013).","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"1075_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32198","volume":"75","author":"SS Jackson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jackson, S. S. et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of biliary tract cancers. Hepatology 75, 309\u2013321 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2018.1549367","volume":"58","author":"C Kilander","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kilander, C. et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and biliary tract cancer: a population-based matched cohort study in Sweden. Acta Oncol. 58, 290\u2013295 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Oncol."},{"key":"1075_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00924.x","volume":"102","author":"MS Tetsche","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tetsche, M. S. et al. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute pancreatitis: a population-based case-control study. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102, 275\u2013278 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(72)90089-3","volume":"21","author":"CJ Glueck","year":"1972","unstructured":"Glueck, C. J. et al. Estrogen-induced pancreatitis in patients with previously covert familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia. Metabolism 21, 657\u2013666 (1972).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1075_CR87","first-page":"59","volume":"123","author":"CJ Glueck","year":"1994","unstructured":"Glueck, C. J. et al. Severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis when estrogen replacement therapy is given to hypertriglyceridemia women. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 123, 59\u201364 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(97)80024-1","volume":"102","author":"WL Isley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Isley, W. L. & Oki, J. Estrogen-induced pancreatitis after discontinuation of concomitant medroxyprogesterone therapy. Am. J. Med. 102, 416\u2013417 (1997).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00129-3","volume":"332","author":"NM Goldenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goldenberg, N. M., Wang, P. & Glueck, C. J. An observational study of severe hypertriglyceridemia, hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis, and failure of triglyceride-lowering therapy when estrogens are given to women with and without familial hypertriglyceridemia. Clin. Chim. Acta 332, 11\u201319 (2003).","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"1075_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(92)90008-X","volume":"41","author":"A Granfone","year":"1992","unstructured":"Granfone, A. et al. Effects of estrogen replacement on plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in post-menopausal, dyslipidemic women. Metabolism 41, 1193\u20131198 (1992).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1075_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.498","volume":"14","author":"AV Stazi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stazi, A. V., Trecca, A. & Trinti, B. Osteoporosis in celiac disease and in endocrine and reproductive disorders. World J. Gastroenterol. 14, 498\u2013505 (2008).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR92","first-page":"143","volume":"20","author":"AV Stazi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stazi, A. V. & Trinti, B. Reproductive aspects of celiac disease. Ann. Ital. Med. Int. 20, 143\u2013157 (2005).","journal-title":"Ann. Ital. Med. Int."},{"key":"1075_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-017-4835-0","volume":"63","author":"CL Jansson-Knodell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jansson-Knodell, C. L. et al. Gender-based differences in a population-based cohort with celiac disease: more alike than unalike. Dig. Dis. Sci. 63, 184\u2013192 (2018).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1075_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3182188421","volume":"18","author":"A Santonicola","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santonicola, A. et al. From menarche to menopause: the fertile life span of celiac women. Menopause 18, 1125\u20131130 (2011).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.16555","volume":"39","author":"S Prasad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prasad, S. et al. Reproductive functions and pregnancy outcome in female patients with celiac disease. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 39, 1310\u20131317 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR96","first-page":"191","volume":"97","author":"AV Stazi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stazi, A. V. & Trinti, B. Reproduction, endocrine disorders and celiac disease: risk factors of osteoporosis. Minerva Med. 97, 191\u2013203 (2006).","journal-title":"Minerva Med."},{"key":"1075_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.4.393","volume":"165","author":"WF Stenson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stenson, W. F. et al. Increased prevalence of celiac disease and need for routine screening among patients with osteoporosis. Arch. Intern. Med. 165, 393\u2013399 (2005).","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2010.04409.x","volume":"32","author":"MA Adeyemo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adeyemo, M. A., Spiegel, B. M. R. & Chang, L. Meta-analysis: do irritable bowel syndrome symptoms vary between men and women? Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 32, 738\u2013755 (2010).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"1075_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.13913","volume":"32","author":"A Lenhart","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lenhart, A. et al. Postmenopausal women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have more severe symptoms than premenopausal women with IBS. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 32, e13913 (2020).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"1075_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001057","volume":"25","author":"NGL Callan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Callan, N. G. L., Mitchell, E. S. & Heitkemper, M. M. Constipation and diarrhea during the menopause transition and early post-menopause: observations from the seattle midlife women\u2019s healthy study. Menopause 25, 615\u2013624 (2018).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1764","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.08.029","volume":"155","author":"KE Burke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burke, K. E. et al. Identification of menopausal and reproductive risk factors for microscopic colitis \u2014 results from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study. Gastroenterology 155, 1764\u20131775.e2 (2018).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2015.03.030","volume":"14","author":"CL Wheat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wheat, C. L. & Strate, L. L. Trends in hospitalization for diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding in the United States from 2000 to 2010. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 14, 96\u2013103.e1 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-015-0260-2","volume":"32","author":"R Razik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Razik, R. & Nguyen, G. C. Diverticular disease: changing epidemiology and management. Drugs Aging 32, 349\u2013360 (2015).","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"1075_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i12.1600","volume":"17","author":"GC Nguyen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nguyen, G. C., Sam, J. & Anand, D. Epidemiological trends and geographic variation in hospital admissions for diverticulitis in the United States. World J. Gastroenterol. 17, 1600\u20131605 (2011).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000000054","volume":"114","author":"M Jovani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jovani, M. et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of diverticulitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 114, 315\u2013321 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"otac027","DOI":"10.1093\/crocol\/otac027","volume":"4","author":"VP Moktan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moktan, V. P. et al. A cohort study of the age at menopause in female patients with and without inflammatory bowel disease. Crohns Colitis 360 4, otac027 (2022).","journal-title":"Crohns Colitis 360"},{"key":"1075_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01700.x","volume":"103","author":"SV Kane","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kane, S. V. & Reddy, D. Hormonal replacement therapy after menopause is protective of disease activity in women with inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 103, 1193\u20131196 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.07.096","volume":"143","author":"H Khalili","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khalili, H. et al. Hormone therapy increases risk of ulcerative colitis but not Crohn\u2019s disease. Gastroenterology 143, 1199\u20131206 (2012).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/13697137.2017.1360861","volume":"20","author":"EK Donaldson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Donaldson, E. K. et al. Experience of menopause in women with inflammatory bowel disease: pilot study. Climacteric 20, 545\u2013551 (2017).","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"1075_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2019.05.018","volume":"18","author":"S Ona","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ona, S. et al. Association between vulvovaginal discomfort and activity of inflammatory bowel diseases. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 604\u2013611.e1 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08348-2","volume":"69","author":"R Greywoode","year":"2024","unstructured":"Greywoode, R. et al. Risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes in postmenopausal women with inflammatory bowel disease. Dig. Dis. Sci. 69, 2586\u20132594 (2024).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1075_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.26026","volume":"130","author":"KJ Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, K. J. et al. The effect of estrogen vs. combined estrogen-progestogen therapy on the risk of colorectal cancer. Int. J. Cancer 130, 419\u2013430 (2012).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1075_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4367","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.5242","volume":"12","author":"PK Das","year":"2023","unstructured":"Das, P. K. et al. Implications of estrogen and its receptors in colorectal carcinoma. Cancer Med. 12, 4367\u20134379 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"1075_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djac094","volume":"114","author":"Y Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, Y. et al. Genome-wide interaction analysis of genetic variants with menopausal hormone therapy for colorectal cancer risk. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 114, 1135\u20131148 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Natl Cancer Inst."},{"key":"1075_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02638-2","volume":"130","author":"Y Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian, Y. et al. Genetic risk impacts the association of menopausal hormone therapy with colorectal cancer risk. Br. J. Cancer 130, 1687\u20131696 (2024).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1075_CR116","first-page":"S610","volume":"101","author":"SK Hawes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hawes, S. K. & Ahmad, A. Fecal incontinence: a woman\u2019s view. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 101, S610\u2013S617 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.05.021","volume":"155","author":"K Staller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staller, K. et al. Increased long-term dietary fiber intake is associated with a decreased risk of fecal incontinence in older women. Gastroenterology 155, 661\u2013667.e1 (2018).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1915","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.02.005","volume":"152","author":"K Staller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Staller, K. et al. Menopausal hormone therapy is associated with increased risk of fecal incontinence in women after menopause. Gastroenterology 152, 1915\u20131921.e1 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1851-7","volume":"24","author":"EHM Sze","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sze, E. H. M., Barker, C. D. & Hobbs, G. A cross-sectional survey of the relationship between fecal incontinence and constipation. Int. Urogynecol. J. 24, 61\u201365 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. Urogynecol. J."},{"key":"1075_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26639","volume":"59","author":"J Grebely","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grebely, J. et al. The effects of female sex, viral genotype, and IL28B genotype on spontaneous clearance of acute hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology 59, 109\u2013120 (2014).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20463","volume":"40","author":"V DiMartino","year":"2004","unstructured":"DiMartino, V. et al. Progression of liver fibrosis in women infected with hepatitis C: long-term benefit of estrogen exposure. Hepatology 40, 1426\u20131433 (2004).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.01.011","volume":"136","author":"M Kumar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kumar, M. et al. Spontaneous increases in alanine aminotransferase levels in asymptomatic chronic hepatitis B virus-infected patients. Gastroenterology 136, 1272\u20131280 (2009).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(90)90069-4","volume":"10","author":"AS Lok","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lok, A. S. & Lai, C. L. Acute exacerbations in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Incidence, predisposing factors, and etiology. J. Hepatol. 10, 29\u201334 (1990).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.08.039","volume":"133","author":"CM Chu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chu, C. M. & Liaw, Y. F. Predictive factors for reactivation of hepatitis B following hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology 133, 1458\u20131465 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510230513","volume":"23","author":"U Becker","year":"1996","unstructured":"Becker, U. et al. Prediction of risk of liver disease by alcohol intake, sex, and age: a prospective population study. Hepatology 23, 1025\u20131029 (1996).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.003","volume":"79","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella, M. E. et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. J. Hepatol. 79, 1542\u20131556 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26761","volume":"59","author":"JD Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang, J. D. et al. Gender and menopause impact severity of fibrosis among patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 59, 1406\u20131414 (2014).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR128","first-page":"CD009146","volume":"7","author":"JS Rudic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rudic, J. S. et al. Hormone replacement for osteoporosis in women with primary biliary cirrhosis. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 7, CD009146 (2011).","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"1075_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2006.07.008","volume":"45","author":"CP Strassburg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strassburg, C. P. & Manns, M. P. Autoimmune hepatitis in the elderly: what is the difference? J. Hepatol. 45, 480\u2013482 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR130","first-page":"29","volume":"2006","author":"K Waki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Waki, K. UNOS liver registry: ten-year survivals. Clin. Transpl. 2006, 29\u201339 (2006).","journal-title":"Clin. Transpl."},{"key":"1075_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200101000-00016","volume":"233","author":"MF Levy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Levy, M. F. et al. The elderly liver transplant recipient: a call for caution. Ann. Surg. 233, 107\u2013113 (2001).","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"1075_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1053\/jlts.2001.23011","volume":"7","author":"MJ Contos","year":"2001","unstructured":"Contos, M. J. et al. Development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis. Liver Transpl. 7, 363\u2013373 (2001).","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"key":"1075_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2009.02590.x","volume":"9","author":"SM Malik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Malik, S. M. et al. Outcome after liver transplantation for NASH cirrhosis. Am. J. Transpl. 9, 782\u2013793 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transpl."},{"key":"1075_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.01.040","volume":"53","author":"KD Watt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watt, K. D. & Charlton, M. R. Metabolic syndrome and liver transplantation: a review and guide to management. J. Hepatol. 53, 199\u2013206 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0332","volume":"95","author":"JW Lin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lin, J. W. et al. Sex, menopause, metabolic syndrome, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality \u2014 cohort analysis from the Third National Health and Nutrition examination survey. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95, 4258\u20134267 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-0205","volume":"94","author":"PR Ebeling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ebeling, P. R. Approach to the patient with transplantation-related bone loss. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 1483\u20131490 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-011-0083-y","volume":"10","author":"CA Kulak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kulak, C. A. et al. Osteoporosis after transplantation. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 10, 48\u201355 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"1075_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2021.06.012","volume":"151","author":"R Robeva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Robeva, R. et al. The interplay between metabolic dysregulations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women after menopause. Maturitas 151, 22\u201330 (2021).","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"1075_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bqaa134","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqaa134","volume":"161","author":"JK DiStefano","year":"2020","unstructured":"DiStefano, J. K. NAFLD and NASH in postmenopausal women: implications for diagnosis and treatment. Endocrinology 161, bqaa134 (2020).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1075_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000002133","volume":"30","author":"A Jaroenlapnopparat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jaroenlapnopparat, A. et al. Menopause is associated with increased prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 30, 348\u2013354 (2023).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2024.05.003","volume":"56","author":"EY Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, E. Y. et al. Age at menopause and risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a 14-year cohort study. Dig. Liver Dis. 56, 1880\u20131886 (2024).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.867","volume":"15","author":"JS Louie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Louie, J. S. et al. Primary biliary cholangitis: a brief overview. Clin. Liver Dis. 15, 100\u2013104 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140215","volume":"14","author":"R Eastell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Eastell, R. et al. Rates of vertebral bone loss before and after liver transplantation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology 14, 296\u2013300 (1991).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(00)80518-8","volume":"32","author":"M Guichelaar","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guichelaar, M. et al. Incidence and pretransplant risk factors for posttransplant fractures in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. J. Hepatol. 32, 49 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(01)00144-1","volume":"35","author":"K Menon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Menon, K. et al. Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: independent indicators and rate of progression. J. Hepatol. 35, 316\u2013323 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(02)80558-X","volume":"36","author":"A Pares","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pares, A. et al. Duration and severity of the disease but not menopausal status are the main risk factors for osteoporosis in primary biliary cirrhosis. J. Hepatol. 36, 154\u2013155 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1075_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(88)90438-6","volume":"94","author":"HC Mitchison","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mitchison, H. C. et al. Metabolic bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis at presentation. Gastroenterology 94, 463\u2013470 (1988).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1075_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840040101","volume":"4","author":"JA Cuthbert","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cuthbert, J. A. et al. Bone disease in primary biliary cirrhosis: increased bone resorption and turnover in the absence of osteoporosis or osteomalacia. Hepatology 4, 1091\u20131095 (1984).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90310-7","volume":"14","author":"SF Hodgson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hodgson, S. F. et al. Rates of cancellous bone remodeling and turnover in osteopenia associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Bone 14, 819\u2013827 (1993).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"1075_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529409092505","volume":"29","author":"R Olsson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olsson, R. et al. Risk factors for bone loss in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 29, 753\u2013756 (1994).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.31.1.82","volume":"31","author":"T Diamond","year":"1990","unstructured":"Diamond, T. et al. Osteoporosis and skeletal fractures in chronic liver disease. Gut 31, 82\u201387 (1990).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1075_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.101931","volume":"56","author":"L Codes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Codes, L. et al. Liver fibrosis in women with chronic hepatitis C: evidence for the negative role of the menopause and steatosis and the potential benefit of hormone replacement therapy. Gut 56, 390\u2013395 (2007).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1075_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318186d7cf","volume":"16","author":"K Cieloszyk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cieloszyk, K., Hartel, D., Moskaleva, G. & Schoenbaum, E. E. Effects of hepatitis C virus infection on menopause status and symptoms. Menopause 16, 401\u2013406 (2009).","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"1075_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.34857","volume":"36","author":"C Sgro","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sgro, C. et al. Incidence of drug-induced hepatic injuries: a French population-based study. Hepatology 36, 451\u2013455 (2002).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113512860","volume":"33","author":"DE Amacher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Amacher, D. E. Female gender as a susceptibility factor for drug-induced liver injury. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 33, 928\u2013939 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Exp. Toxicol."},{"key":"1075_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)00001-9","volume":"83","author":"GD Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson, G. D. Gender differences in pharmacological response. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 83, 1\u201310 (2008).","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"1075_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(94)90628-9","volume":"15","author":"CV Fletcher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fletcher, C. V., Acosta, E. P. & Strykowski, J. M. Gender differences in human pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J. Adolesc. Health 15, 619\u2013629 (1994).","journal-title":"J. Adolesc. Health"},{"key":"1075_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G171","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.1.C171","volume":"268","author":"TS Chen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chen, T. S. et al. Effects of sex steroid hormones on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 268, G171\u2013G176 (1995).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"1075_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.206","volume":"9","author":"S Sakiani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sakiani, S., Olsen, N. J. & Kovacs, W. J. Gonadal steroids and humoral immunity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 9, 56\u201362 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1075_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23588","volume":"51","author":"E Bjornsson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bjornsson, E. et al. Drug-induced autoimmune hepatitis: clinical characteristics and prognosis. Hepatology 51, 2040\u20132048 (2010).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1075_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68891-0","volume":"367","author":"P Sambrook","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sambrook, P. & Cooper, C. Osteoporosis. Lancet 367, 2010\u20132018 (2006).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1075_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08657-9","volume":"359","author":"SR Cummings","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cummings, S. R. & Melton, L. J. Epidemiology and outcomes of osteoporotic fractures. Lancet 359, 1761\u20131767 (2002).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1075_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra053077","volume":"354","author":"E Seeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Seeman, E. & Delmas, P. D. Bone quality \u2014 the material and structural basis of bone strength and fragility. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2250\u20132261 (2006).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-013-9774-y","volume":"94","author":"T Bellido","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bellido, T. Osteocyte-driven bone remodeling. Calcif. Tissue Res. 94, 25\u201334 (2013).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Res."},{"key":"1075_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27071","volume":"115","author":"LG Raisz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Raisz, L. G. Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J. Clin. Invest. 115, 3318\u20133325 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1075_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa306","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa306","volume":"105","author":"J Pepe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pepe, J. et al. Osteoporosis in premenopausal women: a clinical narrative review by the ECTS and the IOF. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 105, dgaa306 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.09.056","volume":"180","author":"CM Gordon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gordon, C. M. et al. The determinants of peak bone mass. J. Pediatr. 180, 261\u2013269 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"1075_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11092382","volume":"11","author":"MM Sobh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sobh, M. M. et al. Secondary osteoporosis and metabolic bone diseases. J. Clin. Med. 11, 2382 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR169","first-page":"40","volume":"102","author":"J Pepe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pepe, J. et al. Within- and across-sex inheritance of bone microarchitecture. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102, 40\u201345 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2286","volume":"29","author":"N Harvey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Harvey, N., Dennison, E. & Cooper, C. Osteoporosis: a lifecourse approach. J. Bone Min. Res. 29, 1917\u20131925 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"1075_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2015.12.021","volume":"432","author":"E Boudin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boudin, E., Fijalkowski, I., Hendrickx, G. & Van Hul, W. Genetic control of bone mass. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 432, 3\u201313 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"1075_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00012","volume":"133","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bernstein, C. N. et al. The incidence of fracture among patients with inflammatory bowel disease. A population-based cohort study. Ann. Intern. Med. 133, 795\u2013799 (2000).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.46.2.176","volume":"46","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vestergaard, P. et al. Fracture risk is increased in Crohn\u2019s disease, but not in ulcerative colitis. Gut 46, 176\u2013181 (2000).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1075_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2002.05916.x","volume":"97","author":"DJ De Jong","year":"2002","unstructured":"De Jong, D. J., Corstens, F. H., Mannaerts, L., Van Rossum, L. G. & Naber, A. H. Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: does it occur in patients with Crohn\u2019s disease? Am. J. Gastroenterol. 97, 2011\u20132015 (2002).","journal-title":"Am. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i3.895","volume":"22","author":"D Owczarek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Owczarek, D. et al. Diet and nutritional factors in inflammatory bowel diseases. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 895\u2013905 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X13477715","volume":"6","author":"CF Donnellan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Donnellan, C. F., Yann, L. H. & Lal, S. Nutritional management of Crohn\u2019s disease. Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol. 6, 231\u2013242 (2013).","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1075_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-019-05234-w","volume":"31","author":"AA Van Bodegraven","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Bodegraven, A. A. & Bravenboer, N. Perspective on skeletal health in inflammatory bowel disease. Osteoporos. Int. 31, 637\u2013646 (2019).","journal-title":"Osteoporos. Int."},{"key":"1075_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198025","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/198025","volume":"2012","author":"T Larussa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larussa, T. et al. Bone mineralization in celiac disease. Gastroenterol. Res. Pract. 2012, 198025 (2012).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"1075_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2007.09.006","volume":"40","author":"M Olmos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olmos, M. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies on the prevalence of fractures in celiac disease. Dig. Liver Dis. 40, 46\u201353 (2008).","journal-title":"Dig. Liver Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-1858","volume":"100","author":"K Heikkila","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heikkila, K. et al. Celiac disease and bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 100, 25\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1159\/000369541","volume":"33","author":"M Pintos Sanchez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pintos Sanchez, M. et al. Extraintestinal manifestations of celiac disease. Dig. Dis. 33, 147\u2013154 (2015).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-027356","volume":"9","author":"T Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, T. et al. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 9, e027356 (2019).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1075_CR183","first-page":"847","volume":"50","author":"N Figura","year":"2005","unstructured":"Figura, N. et al. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylroi infection in male patients with osteoporosis and controls. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 50, 847\u2013852 (2005).","journal-title":"Am. J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"1075_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4162","volume":"36","author":"L Gennari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gennari, L. et al. Infection by CagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains and bone fragility: a prospective cohort study. J. Bone Min. Res. 36, 80\u201389 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"1075_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-022-01379-7","volume":"41","author":"C Xiong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiong, C. et al. Is Helicobacter pylori infection associated with osteoporosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Bone Min. Metab. 41, 74\u201387 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-8553(05)70130-8","volume":"29","author":"JE Everhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Everhart, J. E. Recent developments in the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am. 29, 559\u2013578 (2000).","journal-title":"Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"1075_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2974","volume":"11","author":"F Sommer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sommer, F. & B\u00e4ckhed, F. The gut microbiota \u2014 masters of host development and physiology. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 11, 227\u2013238 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1075_CR188","first-page":"4197","volume":"124","author":"NK Surana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Surana, N. K. & Kasper, D. L. Deciphering the tete-a-tete between the microbiota and the immune system. J. Clini. Invest. 124, 4197\u20134203 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Clini. Invest."},{"key":"1075_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4185","volume":"22","author":"BO Schroeder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schroeder, B. O. & B\u00e4ckhed, F. Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease. Nat. Med. 22, 1079\u20131089 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1075_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-015-0292-x","volume":"13","author":"LR McCabe","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCabe, L. R., Britton, R. A. & Parameswaran, N. Prebiotic and probiotic regulation of bone health: role of the intestine and its microbiome. Curr. Osteoporos. Rep. 13, 363\u2013371 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Osteoporos. Rep."},{"key":"1075_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2887","volume":"31","author":"CJ Hernandez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hernandez, C. J. et al. Links between the microbiome and bone. J. Bone Min. Res. 31, 1638\u20131646 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Bone Min. Res."},{"key":"1075_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-021-00924-2","volume":"110","author":"O Cronin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cronin, O. et al. Role of the microbiome in regulating bone metabolism and susceptibility to osteoporosis. Calcif. Tissue Res. 110, 273\u2013284 (2022).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Res."},{"key":"1075_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-3362","volume":"97","author":"SD Harlow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harlow, S. D. et al. STRAW + 10 collaborative group. Executive summary of the stages of reproductive aging workshop + 10: addressing the unfinished agenda of staging reproductive aging. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97, 1159\u20131168 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1075_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052713","volume":"23","author":"D Merlotti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Merlotti, D. et al. Bone fragility in gastrointestinal disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 2713 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01075-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01075-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01075-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T17:23:39Z","timestamp":1757179419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01075-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"references-count":194,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1075"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-025-01075-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5045","1759-5053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5045","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 April 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}