{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:14:28Z","timestamp":1792134868872,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":436,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01162-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T00:03:44Z","timestamp":1769385824000},"page":"286-317","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and steatohepatitis-associated hepatocarcinoma preclinical models"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6443-2396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jack","family":"Leslie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5441-1794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kishore A.","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indresh K.","family":"Gopalsamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Inacio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1545-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meritxell","family":"Huch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suchira","family":"Gallage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8692-1836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona","family":"Oakley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1973-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Vacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.04.031","volume":"81","author":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO).","year":"2024","unstructured":"European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). J. Hepatol. 81, 492\u2013542 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01043-6","volume":"6","author":"M Vacca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vacca, M. et al. An unbiased ranking of murine dietary models based on their proximity to human metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Nat. Metab. 6, 1178\u20131196 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31897","volume":"74","author":"YR Im","year":"2021","unstructured":"Im, Y. R. et al. A systematic review of animal models of NAFLD finds high-fat, high-fructose diets most closely resemble human NAFLD. Hepatology 74, 1884\u20131901 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.56573","volume":"9","author":"H Hunter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hunter, H. et al. Weight loss, insulin resistance, and study design confound results in a meta-analysis of animal models of fatty liver. eLife 9, e56573 (2020).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1162_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00465-3","volume":"4","author":"S Tsouka","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tsouka, S. et al. Transcriptomics-driven metabolic pathway analysis reveals similar alterations in lipid metabolism in mouse MASH model and human. Commun. Med. 4, 39 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00700-y","volume":"4","author":"S Gallage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallage, S. et al. A researcher\u2019s guide to preclinical mouse NASH models. Nat. Metab. 4, 1632\u20131649 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-50328-5","volume":"13","author":"HH Hansen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hansen, H. H. et al. Semaglutide reduces tumor burden in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH-HCC with advanced fibrosis. Sci. Rep. 13, 23056 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15143723","volume":"15","author":"J Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang, J., Celton-Morizur, S. & Desdouets, C. NAFLD-related HCC: focus on the latest relevant preclinical models. Cancers 15, 3723 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1162_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01796-8","volume":"402","author":"S Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, S. et al. Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus active surveillance in patients with resected or ablated high-risk hepatocellular carcinoma (IMbrave050): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet 402, 1835\u20131847 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1162_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.02.033","volume":"79","author":"N Yahoo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yahoo, N., Dudek, M., Knolle, P. & Heikenwalder, M. Role of immune responses in the development of NAFLD-associated liver cancer and prospects for therapeutic modulation. J. Hepatol. 79, 538\u2013551 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.06.008","volume":"161","author":"PK Haber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Haber, P. K. et al. Evidence-based management of hepatocellular carcinoma: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2002-2020). Gastroenterology 161, 879\u2013898 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1162_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15833","volume":"44","author":"FD Copil","year":"2024","unstructured":"Copil, F. D. et al. No correlation between MASLD and poor outcome of atezolizumab-bevacizumab therapy in patients with advanced HCC. Liver Int. 44, 931\u2013943 (2024).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"1162_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-326259","volume":"71","author":"J Leslie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leslie, J. et al. CXCR2 inhibition enables NASH-HCC immunotherapy. Gut 71, 2093\u20132106 (2022).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1162_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03362-0","volume":"592","author":"D Pfister","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pfister, D. et al. NASH limits anti-tumour surveillance in immunotherapy-treated HCC. Nature 592, 450\u2013456 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000520","volume":"78","author":"ME Rinella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rinella, M. E. et al. A multisociety Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature. Hepatology 78, 1966\u20131986 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","volume":"41","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kleiner, D. E. et al. Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 41, 1313\u20131321 (2005).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1751","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25889","volume":"56","author":"P Bedossa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bedossa, P. et al. Histopathological algorithm and scoring system for evaluation of liver lesions in morbidly obese patients. Hepatology 56, 1751\u20131759 (2012).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lackner, C. et al. Consensus position statements for the standardized application of histological grading and staging systems in MASH clinical trials. J. Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.09.019 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.09.019"},{"key":"1162_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115922","volume":"9","author":"W Liang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liang, W. et al. Establishment of a general NAFLD scoring system for rodent models and comparison to human liver pathology. PLoS One 9, e115922 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.01.011","volume":"76","author":"EM Brunt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brunt, E. M. et al. Complexity of ballooned hepatocyte feature recognition: defining a training atlas for artificial intelligence-based imaging in NAFLD. J. Hepatol. 76, 1030\u20131041 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.11.032","volume":"82","author":"D Abdurrachim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abdurrachim, D. et al. Utility of AI digital pathology as an aid for pathologists scoring fibrosis in MASH. J. Hepatol. 82, 898\u2013908 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.10.015","volume":"80","author":"V Ratziu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ratziu, V. et al. Artificial intelligence-assisted digital pathology for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: current status and future directions. J. Hepatol. 80, 335\u2013351 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01103-6","volume":"22","author":"J Calderaro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Calderaro, J. The future of pathology in gastroenterology and hepatology. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 22, 598\u2013599 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2023.04.014","volume":"193","author":"L Mairinoja","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mairinoja, L. et al. Deep learning-based image analysis of liver steatosis in mouse models. Am. J. Pathol. 193, 1072\u20131080 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/s41374-019-0315-9","volume":"100","author":"M De Rudder","year":"2020","unstructured":"De Rudder, M. et al. Automated computerized image analysis for the user-independent evaluation of disease severity in preclinical models of NAFLD\/NASH. Lab. Invest. 100, 147\u2013160 (2020).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"1162_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.09.014","volume":"75","author":"R Pinyol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinyol, R. et al. Corrigendum to \u2018Molecular characterisation of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis\u2019 [J Hepatol 75 (2021) 865-878]. J. Hepatol. 75, 1515 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-02075-w","volume":"10","author":"J Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng, J. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma: signaling pathways and therapeutic advances. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 10, 35 (2025).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"1162_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00754-7","volume":"20","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Llovet, J. M. et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma: pathogenesis and treatment. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 487\u2013503 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31391","volume":"73","author":"Z Hall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hall, Z. et al. Lipid remodeling in hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 73, 1028\u20131044 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000786","volume":"82","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, X., Zhang, L. & Dong, B. Molecular mechanisms in MASLD\/MASH-related HCC. Hepatology 82, 1303\u20131324 (2025).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.046","volume":"169","author":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network. Comprehensive and integrative genomic characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell 169, 1327\u20131341.e23 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/20420188221145549","volume":"14","author":"RM Pipitone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pipitone, R. M. et al. MAFLD: a multisystem disease. Therapeutic Adv. Endocrinol. Metab. 14, 20420188221145549 (2023).","journal-title":"Therapeutic Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.01.013","volume":"72","author":"CD Byrne","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byrne, C. D. & Targher, G. NAFLD as a driver of chronic kidney disease. J. Hepatol 72, 785\u2013801 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol"},{"key":"1162_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2301972","volume":"389","author":"AM Jastreboff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jastreboff, A. M. et al. Triple-hormone-receptor agonist retatrutide for obesity \u2014 a phase 2 trial. N. Engl. J. Med. 389, 514\u2013526 (2023).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104468","volume":"25","author":"AM Bachmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bachmann, A. M. et al. Genetic background and sex control the outcome of high-fat diet feeding in mice. iScience 25, 104468 (2022).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1162_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2011.02463.x","volume":"31","author":"QM Anstee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anstee, Q. M. Animal models in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis research: utility and clinical translation. Liver Int. 31, 440\u2013442 (2011).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"1162_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.10.031","volume":"68","author":"PK Santhekadur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Santhekadur, P. K., Kumar, D. P. & Sanyal, A. J. Preclinical models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J. Hepatol. 68, 230\u2013237 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30333","volume":"69","author":"G Farrell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Farrell, G. et al. Mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: toward optimization of their relevance to human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 69, 2241\u20132257 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.06.010","volume":"28","author":"S Hu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu, S. et al. Dietary fat, but not protein or carbohydrate, regulates energy intake and causes adiposity in mice. Cell Metab. 28, 415\u2013431.e4 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.02.012","volume":"1842","author":"P Jha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jha, P. et al. Role of adipose tissue in methionine-choline-deficient model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1842, 959\u2013970 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"1162_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.01.001","volume":"37","author":"B Tan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tan, B. et al. A cellular and molecular basis of leptin resistance. Cell Metab. 37, 723\u2013741.e6 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165908","volume":"1866","author":"L Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Methionine restriction alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity: Involvement of diurnal metabolism of lipids and bile acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis. 1866, 165908 (2020).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"1162_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.09.003","volume":"26","author":"MJ Wolf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wolf, M. J. et al. Metabolic activation of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells and NKT cells causes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver cancer via cross-talk with hepatocytes. Cancer Cell 26, 549\u2013564 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.168476","volume":"9","author":"P Fernandez-Tussy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandez-Tussy, P. et al. miR-33 deletion in hepatocytes attenuates MASLD-MASH-HCC progression. JCI Insight 9, e168476 (2024).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1162_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.021","volume":"79","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. Targeting N6-methyladenosine reader YTHDF1 with siRNA boosts antitumor immunity in NASH-HCC by inhibiting EZH2-IL-6 axis. J. Hepatol. 79, 1185\u20131200 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.02.055","volume":"497","author":"Y Amano","year":"2018","unstructured":"Amano, Y. et al. Combination effects of alogliptin and pioglitazone on steatosis and hepatic fibrosis formation in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 497, 207\u2013213 (2018).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i33.4904","volume":"25","author":"ML Boland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boland, M. L. et al. Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: impact of dietary fat source. World J. Gastroenterol. 25, 4904\u20134920 (2019).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.04.015","volume":"36","author":"S Gallage","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gallage, S. et al. A 5:2 intermittent fasting regimen ameliorates NASH and fibrosis and blunts HCC development via hepatic PPAR\u03b1 and PCK1. Cell Metab. 36, 1371\u20131393.e7 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.11.012","volume":"13","author":"S Gallage","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallage, S. et al. Spontaneous cholemia in C57BL\/6 mice predisposes to liver cancer in NASH. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 875\u2013878 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-024-03141-x","volume":"24","author":"M Flensted-Jensen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Flensted-Jensen, M. et al. Dietary intervention reverses molecular markers of hepatocellular senescence in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH. BMC Gastroenterol. 24, 59 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13235","volume":"15","author":"MB Mollerhoj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mollerhoj, M. B. et al. Hepatoprotective effects of semaglutide, lanifibranor and dietary intervention in the GAN diet-induced obese and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH. Clin. Transl. Sci. 15, 1167\u20131186 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.05.005","volume":"65","author":"A Asgharpour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Asgharpour, A. et al. A diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular cancer. J. Hepatol. 65, 579\u2013588 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02897","volume":"9","author":"R Nagpal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nagpal, R. et al. Comparative microbiome signatures and short-chain fatty acids in mouse, rat, non-human primate, and human feces. Front. Microbiol. 9, 2897 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"1162_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4361","volume":"365","author":"SP Rosshart","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosshart, S. P. et al. Laboratory mice born to wild mice have natural microbiota and model human immune responses. Science 365, eaaw4361 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1162_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2566","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122566","volume":"9","author":"C Jiang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang, C. et al. Comparative transcriptomics analyses in livers of mice, humans, and humanized mice define human-specific gene networks. Cells 9, 2566 (2020).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1162_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-023-01019-z","volume":"7","author":"C Lyu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lyu, C. et al. Advanced glycation end-products as mediators of the aberrant crosslinking of extracellular matrix in scarred liver tissue. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 7, 1437\u20131454 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1162_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113316","volume":"26","author":"AJ Pellicano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pellicano, A. J., Spahn, K., Zhou, P., Goldberg, I. D. & Narayan, P. Collagen characterization in a model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis; a call for development of targeted therapeutics. Molecules 26, 3316 (2021).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1162_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G174","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00041.2019","volume":"318","author":"G Wei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wei, G. et al. Comparison of murine steatohepatitis models identifies a dietary intervention with robust fibrosis, ductular reaction, and rapid progression to cirrhosis and cancer. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 318, G174\u2013G188 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06991-9","volume":"626","author":"W Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan, W. et al. Matrix viscoelasticity promotes liver cancer progression in the pre-cirrhotic liver. Nature 626, 635\u2013642 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0121528","volume":"10","author":"K Konuma","year":"2015","unstructured":"Konuma, K. et al. Eicosapentaenoic acid ameliorates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in a novel mouse model using melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice. PLoS One 10, e0121528 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M072819","volume":"58","author":"A Wahlstrom","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wahlstrom, A. et al. Induction of farnesoid X receptor signaling in germ-free mice colonized with a human microbiota. J. Lipid Res. 58, 412\u2013419 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"1162_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10809","volume":"482","author":"J Henao-Mejia","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henao-Mejia, J. et al. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 482, 179\u2013185 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR63","first-page":"3574","volume":"8","author":"VS Jensen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jensen, V. S., Porsgaard, T., Lykkesfeldt, J. & Hvid, H. Rodent model choice has major impact on variability of standard preclinical readouts associated with diabetes and obesity research. Am. J. Transl. Res. 8, 3574\u20133584 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"1162_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20221738","volume":"220","author":"G Benegiamo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Benegiamo, G. et al. The genetic background shapes the susceptibility to mitochondrial dysfunction and NASH progression. J. Exp. Med. 220, e20221738 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-32037-1","volume":"13","author":"H Karimkhanloo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karimkhanloo, H. et al. Mouse strain-dependent variation in metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD): a comprehensive resource tool for pre-clinical studies. Sci. Rep. 13, 4711 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2025.102104","volume":"93","author":"KL Hupa-Breier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hupa-Breier, K. L. et al. Novel translational mouse models of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease comparable to human MASLD with severe obesity. Mol. Metab. 93, 102104 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-7-r82","volume":"14","author":"MM Simon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Simon, M. M. et al. A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL\/6J and C57BL\/6N mouse strains. Genome Biol. 14, R82 (2013).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0982","volume":"65","author":"DA Fontaine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fontaine, D. A. & Davis, D. B. Attention to background strain is essential for metabolic research: C57BL\/6 and the international knockout mouse consortium. Diabetes 65, 25\u201333 (2016).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1162_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00439-y","volume":"3","author":"B Hild","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hild, B. et al. Neonatal exposure to a wild-derived microbiome protects mice against diet-induced obesity. Nat. Metab. 3, 1042\u20131057 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.257","volume":"40","author":"S Romeo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Romeo, S. et al. Genetic variation in PNPLA3 confers susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat. Genet. 40, 1461\u20131465 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1162_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-03122-4","volume":"11","author":"Y Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun, Y. et al. High-fat diet promotes renal injury by inducing oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Death Dis. 11, 914 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"1162_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2015.08.001","volume":"124","author":"SE Wicks","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wicks, S. E., Nguyen, T. T., Breaux, C., Kruger, C. & Stadler, K. Diet-induced obesity and kidney disease - in search of a susceptible mouse model. Biochimie 124, 65\u201373 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"1162_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.06.136","volume":"198","author":"S Carbone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carbone, S. et al. A high-sugar and high-fat diet impairs cardiac systolic and diastolic function in mice. Int. J. Cardiol. 198, 66\u201369 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"1162_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-023-00363-z","volume":"18","author":"IF Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, I. F. et al. Long-term administration of Western diet induced metabolic syndrome in mice and causes cardiac microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage, and cardiac remodeling involving caveolae and caveolin-1 expression. Biol. Direct 18, 9 (2023).","journal-title":"Biol. Direct"},{"key":"1162_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20240833","volume":"138","author":"S Bott","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bott, S. et al. When the liver is in poor condition, so is the heart \u2014 cardiac remodelling in MASH mouse models. Clin. Sci. 138, 1151\u20131171 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.111051","volume":"27","author":"M Busnelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Busnelli, M. et al. Effect of diet and genotype on the lipidome of mice with altered lipoprotein metabolism. iScience 27, 111051 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1162_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092014","volume":"9","author":"AM van den Hoek","year":"2020","unstructured":"van den Hoek, A. M. et al. A translational mouse model for NASH with advanced fibrosis and atherosclerosis expressing key pathways of human pathology. Cells 9, 2014 (2020).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1162_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2014.112","volume":"94","author":"M Kampschulte","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kampschulte, M. et al. Western diet in ApoE-LDLR double-deficient mouse model of atherosclerosis leads to hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and tumorigenesis. Lab. Invest. 94, 1273\u20131282 (2014).","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"1162_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1270","volume":"2","author":"MC Morrison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morrison, M. C. et al. Obeticholic acid modulates serum metabolites and gene signatures characteristic of human NASH and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis progression in Ldlr-\/-.Leiden mice. Hepatol. Commun. 2, 1513\u20131532 (2018).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15427","volume":"178","author":"A Kannt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kannt, A. et al. Activation of thyroid hormone receptor-beta improved disease activity and metabolism independent of body weight in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Br. J. Pharmacol. 178, 2412\u20132423 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v24.i2.179","volume":"24","author":"KS Tolbol","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolbol, K. S. et al. Metabolic and hepatic effects of liraglutide, obeticholic acid and elafibranor in diet-induced obese mouse models of biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. World J. Gastroenterol. 24, 179\u2013194 (2018).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.03.011","volume":"69","author":"T Tsuchida","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsuchida, T. et al. A simple diet- and chemical-induced murine NASH model with rapid progression of steatohepatitis, fibrosis and liver cancer. J. Hepatol. 69, 385\u2013395 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19459-z","volume":"12","author":"M O\u2019Farrell","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Farrell, M. et al. FASN inhibition targets multiple drivers of NASH by reducing steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in preclinical models. Sci. Rep. 12, 15661 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-3694-7_4","volume":"2769","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. A mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma induced by western diet and carbon tetrachloride. Methods Mol. Biol. 2769, 57\u201365 (2024).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.12.009","volume":"105","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Chronic kidney disease in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Kidney Int. 105, 540\u2013561 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"1162_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-013-0016-1","volume":"46","author":"M Fujii","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fujii, M. et al. A murine model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis showing evidence of association between diabetes and hepatocellular carcinoma. Med. Mol. Morphol. 46, 141\u2013152 (2013).","journal-title":"Med. Mol. Morphol."},{"key":"1162_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29914","volume":"68","author":"DJ van der Windt","year":"2018","unstructured":"van der Windt, D. J. et al. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote inflammation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 68, 1347\u20131360 (2018).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50660-y","volume":"15","author":"BK Jeong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeong, B. K. et al. A male mouse model for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 15, 6506 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12466","volume":"5","author":"K Saito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saito, K. et al. Characterization of hepatic lipid profiles in a mouse model with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and subsequent fibrosis. Sci. Rep. 5, 12466 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.10.007","volume":"34","author":"D Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, D. et al. MGAT2 inhibitor decreases liver fibrosis and inflammation in murine NASH models and reduces body weight in human adults with obesity. Cell Metab. 34, 1732\u20131748.e5 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep21924","volume":"6","author":"CX Shi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shi, C. X. et al. \u03b2-Aminoisobutyric acid attenuates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress and glucose\/lipid metabolic disturbance in mice with type 2 diabetes. Sci. Rep. 6, 21924 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4346","volume":"23","author":"DA Giles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giles, D. A. et al. Thermoneutral housing exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice and allows for sex-independent disease modeling. Nat. Med. 23, 829\u2013838 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.2337\/db10-0758","volume":"60","author":"M Castillo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castillo, M. et al. Disruption of thyroid hormone activation in type 2 deiodinase knockout mice causes obesity with glucose intolerance and liver steatosis only at thermoneutrality. Diabetes 60, 1082\u20131089 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1162_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1095132","volume":"14","author":"JR Oates","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oates, J. R. et al. Thermoneutral housing shapes hepatic inflammation and damage in mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front. Immunol. 14, 1095132 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1162_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E10","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00124.2023","volume":"325","author":"JRC Nunes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nunes, J. R. C. et al. Thermoneutral housing does not accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease in male or female C57Bl\/6J mice fed a Western diet. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 325, E10\u2013E20 (2023).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.10.003","volume":"23","author":"XY Tian","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tian, X. Y. et al. Thermoneutral housing accelerates metabolic inflammation to potentiate atherosclerosis but not insulin resistance. Cell Metab. 23, 165\u2013178 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E513","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00401.2024","volume":"328","author":"NB Blok","year":"2025","unstructured":"Blok, N. B., Myronovych, A., McMahon, G., Bozadjieva-Kramer, N. & Seeley, R. J. The evolution of steatosis and fibrosis in mice on a MASH-inducing diet and the effects of housing temperature. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 328, E513\u2013E523 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0494","volume":"20","author":"T Arsov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arsov, T. et al. Fat aussie \u2014 a new Alstrom syndrome mouse showing a critical role for ALMS1 in obesity, diabetes, and spermatogenesis. Mol. Endocrinol. 20, 1610\u20131622 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1162_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.05.010","volume":"12","author":"S Ganguly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ganguly, S. et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and HCC in a hyperphagic mouse accelerated by Western diet. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 12, 891\u2013920 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1159\/000508636","volume":"144","author":"YC Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, Y. C. et al. Western diet promotes renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis in a murine model of Alstrom syndrome. Nephron 144, 400\u2013412 (2020).","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"1162_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.07.001","volume":"26","author":"H Nakagawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakagawa, H. et al. ER stress cooperates with hypernutrition to trigger TNF-dependent spontaneous HCC development. Cancer Cell 26, 331\u2013343 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.003","volume":"73","author":"QM Anstee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anstee, Q. M. et al. Genome-wide association study of non-alcoholic fatty liver and steatohepatitis in a histologically characterised cohort. J. Hepatol. 73, 505\u2013515 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29273","volume":"66","author":"S BasuRay","year":"2017","unstructured":"BasuRay, S., Smagris, E., Cohen, J. C. & Hobbs, H. H. The PNPLA3 variant associated with fatty liver disease (I148M) accumulates on lipid droplets by evading ubiquitylation. Hepatology 66, 1111\u20131124 (2017).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27242","volume":"61","author":"E Smagris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smagris, E. et al. Pnpla3I148M knockin mice accumulate PNPLA3 on lipid droplets and develop hepatic steatosis. Hepatology 61, 108\u2013118 (2015).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.10.048","volume":"82","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. PNPLA3(148M) is a gain-of-function mutation that promotes hepatic steatosis by inhibiting ATGL-mediated triglyceride hydrolysis. J. Hepatol. 82, 871\u2013881 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.01.013","volume":"22","author":"D Linden","year":"2019","unstructured":"Linden, D. et al. Pnpla3 silencing with antisense oligonucleotides ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in Pnpla3 I148M knock-in mice. Mol. Metab. 22, 49\u201361 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02553-8","volume":"29","author":"A Cherubini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cherubini, A. et al. Interaction between estrogen receptor-\u03b1 and PNPLA3 p.I148M variant drives fatty liver disease susceptibility in women. Nat. Med. 29, 2643\u20132655 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5309","volume":"5","author":"YL Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu, Y. L. et al. TM6SF2 rs58542926 influences hepatic fibrosis progression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat. Commun. 5, 4309 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1822","volume":"6","author":"F Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo, F., Oldoni, F. & Das, A. TM6SF2: a novel genetic player in nonalcoholic fatty liver and cardiovascular disease. Hepatol. Commun. 6, 448\u2013460 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.31910","volume":"144","author":"J Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, J. et al. PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 variants as risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma across various etiologies and severity of underlying liver diseases. Int. J. Cancer 144, 533\u2013544 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1162_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31771","volume":"74","author":"EP Newberry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Newberry, E. P. et al. Liver-specific deletion of mouse Tm6sf2 promotes steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular cancer. Hepatology 74, 1203\u20131219 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0268","volume":"30","author":"B Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, B. et al. TM6SF2 E167K variant decreases PNPLA3-mediated PUFA transfer to promote hepatic steatosis and injury in MASLD. Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 30, 863\u2013882 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320853","volume":"70","author":"VR Thangapandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thangapandi, V. R. et al. Loss of hepatic Mboat7 leads to liver fibrosis. Gut 70, 940\u2013950 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1162_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1712191","volume":"378","author":"NS Abul-Husn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abul-Husn, N. S. et al. A protein-truncating HSD17B13 variant and protection from chronic liver disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 378, 1096\u20131106 (2018).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.17292","volume":"57","author":"M Amangurbanova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amangurbanova, M., Huang, D. Q. & Loomba, R. Review article: the role of HSD17B13 on global epidemiology, natural history, pathogenesis and treatment of NAFLD. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 57, 37\u201351 (2023).","journal-title":"Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"1162_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30350","volume":"69","author":"Y Ma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. 17-Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 is a hepatic retinol dehydrogenase associated with histological features of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 69, 1504\u20131519 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31517","volume":"73","author":"Y Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. 17-Beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 13 deficiency does not protect mice from obesogenic diet injury. Hepatology 73, 1701\u20131716 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1113\/EP092535","volume":"110","author":"S Mahmood","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mahmood, S. et al. Hydroxysteroid 17\u03b2-dehydrogenase 13 (Hsd17b13) knockdown attenuates liver steatosis in high-fat diet obese mice. Exp. Physiol. 110, 1071\u20131086 (2025).","journal-title":"Exp. Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105544","volume":"23","author":"M Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Down-regulating the high level of 17-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 13 plays a therapeutic role for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 5544 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.2035","volume":"6","author":"K St Rose","year":"2022","unstructured":"St Rose, K. et al. Mouse model of NASH that replicates key features of the human disease and progresses to fibrosis stage 3. Hepatol. Commun. 6, 2676\u20132688 (2022).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.032","volume":"96","author":"L Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. A Western diet induced NAFLD in LDLR-\/- mice is associated with reduced hepatic glutathione synthesis. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 96, 13\u201321 (2016).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.19","volume":"18","author":"A Breschi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Breschi, A., Gingeras, T. R. & Guigo, R. Comparative transcriptomics in human and mouse. Nat. Rev. Genet. 18, 425\u2013440 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"1162_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01262","volume":"420","author":"RH Waterston","year":"2002","unstructured":"Waterston, R. H. et al. Mouse Genome Sequencing Consortium. Initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the mouse genome. Nature 420, 520\u2013562 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31052","volume":"72","author":"ME Minniti","year":"2020","unstructured":"Minniti, M. E. et al. Insights from liver-humanized mice on cholesterol lipoprotein metabolism and LXR-agonist pharmacodynamics in humans. Hepatology 72, 656\u2013670 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf2982","volume":"9","author":"AS Delbes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Delbes, A. S. et al. Mice with humanized livers reveal the role of hepatocyte clocks in rhythmic behavior. Sci. Adv. 9, eadf2982 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.07.016","volume":"24","author":"TG Kirchgessner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kirchgessner, T. G. et al. Beneficial and adverse effects of an LXR agonist on human lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and circulating neutrophils. Cell Metab. 24, 223\u2013233 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1326","volume":"25","author":"H Azuma","year":"2007","unstructured":"Azuma, H. et al. Robust expansion of human hepatocytes in Fah-\/-\/Rag2-\/-\/Il2rg-\/- mice. Nat. Biotechnol. 25, 903\u2013910 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1162_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2014.08.006","volume":"13","author":"EM Wilson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilson, E. M. et al. Extensive double humanization of both liver and hematopoiesis in FRGN mice. Stem Cell Res. 13, 404\u2013412 (2014).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res."},{"key":"1162_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.10.007","volume":"13","author":"J Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, J. et al. A novel humanized model of NASH and its treatment with META4, a potent agonist of MET. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 565\u2013582 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.07.017","volume":"186","author":"E Kaffe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaffe, E. et al. Humanized mouse liver reveals endothelial control of essential hepatic metabolic functions. Cell 186, 3793\u20133809.e26 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111321","volume":"40","author":"M Kabbani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kabbani, M. et al. Human hepatocyte PNPLA3-148M exacerbates rapid non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development in chimeric mice. Cell Rep. 40, 111321 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2023.101165","volume":"31","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Hepatocyte-targeted siTAZ therapy lowers liver fibrosis in NASH diet-fed chimeric mice with hepatocyte-humanized livers. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 31, 101165 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"1162_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.661","volume":"17","author":"F Forcheron","year":"2009","unstructured":"Forcheron, F. et al. Nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis in Zucker diabetic rats: spontaneous evolution and effects of metformin and fenofibrate. Obesity 17, 1381\u20131389 (2009).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"1162_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-11-0122","volume":"210","author":"VP Bilan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bilan, V. P. et al. Diabetic nephropathy and long-term treatment effects of rosiglitazone and enalapril in obese ZSF1 rats. J. Endocrinol. 210, 293\u2013308 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1162_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30610","volume":"237","author":"Y Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo, Y. et al. Liver-humanized mice: a translational strategy to study metabolic disorders. J. Cell Physiol. 237, 489\u2013506 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.057331","volume":"98","author":"K Kavanagh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kavanagh, K. et al. Dietary fructose induces endotoxemia and hepatic injury in calorically controlled primates. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 98, 349\u2013357 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"1162_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21720","volume":"25","author":"MA Cydylo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cydylo, M. A., Davis, A. T. & Kavanagh, K. Fatty liver promotes fibrosis in monkeys consuming high fructose. Obesity 25, 290\u2013293 (2017).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"1162_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2023.03.013","volume":"35","author":"P Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu, P. et al. DT-109 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in nonhuman primates. Cell Metab. 35, 742\u2013757.e10 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14955","volume":"25","author":"RC Camacho","year":"2023","unstructured":"Camacho, R. C. et al. Validation of a diet-induced Macaca fascicularis model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with dietary and pioglitazone interventions. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 25, 1068\u20131079 (2023).","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000014","volume":"7","author":"MJ Nash","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nash, M. J. et al. Maternal Western diet is associated with distinct preclinical pediatric NAFLD phenotypes in juvenile nonhuman primate offspring. Hepatol. Commun. 7, e0014 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01706.x","volume":"28","author":"P Nagarajan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagarajan, P., Venkatesan, R., Kumar, M., Usmani, A. & Majumdar, S. S. Macaca radiata (bonnet monkey): a spontaneous model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver Int. 28, 856\u2013864 (2008).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"1162_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4829","volume":"241","author":"JK Lau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lau, J. K., Zhang, X. & Yu, J. Animal models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current perspectives and recent advances. J. Pathol. 241, 36\u201344 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jceh.2021.09.001","volume":"12","author":"V Duvivier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Duvivier, V. et al. Characterization and pharmacological validation of a preclinical model of NASH in Gottingen Minipigs. J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol. 12, 293\u2013305 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G571","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00120.2024","volume":"327","author":"H Hvid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hvid, H. et al. Choline-deficient, high-fat diet-induced MASH in Gottingen Minipigs: characterization and effects of a chow reversal period. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 327, G571\u2013G585 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22904","volume":"50","author":"L Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee, L. et al. Nutritional model of steatohepatitis and metabolic syndrome in the Ossabaw miniature swine. Hepatology 50, 56\u201367 (2009).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR146","first-page":"195","volume":"4","author":"J Bhathena","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bhathena, J. et al. Diet-induced metabolic hamster model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes. 4, 195\u2013203 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Syndr. Obes."},{"key":"1162_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-2021-0201","volume":"77","author":"CZ Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, C. Z. et al. Establishment and metabonomics analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in Golden hamster. Z. Naturforsch C. J. Biosci. 77, 197\u2013206 (2022).","journal-title":"Z. Naturforsch C. J. Biosci."},{"key":"1162_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135634","volume":"10","author":"LS Dalboge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalboge, L. S. et al. A Hamster model of diet-induced obesity for preclinical evaluation of anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and lipid modulating agents. PLoS One 10, e0135634 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1111\/ans.17676","volume":"92","author":"J Balhorn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Balhorn, J. et al. Changing the routine: a move to patient initiated follow up to improve surgical outpatient clinic. ANZ J. Surg. 92, 1394\u20131400 (2022).","journal-title":"ANZ J. Surg."},{"key":"1162_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2021.06.004","volume":"28","author":"S Dankwa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dankwa, S. et al. Exploiting polypharmacology to dissect host kinases and kinase inhibitors that modulate endothelial barrier integrity. Cell Chem. Biol. 28, 1679\u20131692.e4 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Chem. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2017.11.011","volume":"170","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zouboulis, C. C. et al. Age influences the skin reaction pattern to mechanical stress and its repair level through skin care products. Mech. Ageing Dev. 170, 98\u2013105 (2018).","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"1162_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020384","volume":"11","author":"M Hayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hayashi, M. et al. Development of the rabbit NASH model resembling human NASH and atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 11, 384 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1162_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-006-1883-1","volume":"41","author":"M Kainuma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kainuma, M. et al. Cholesterol-fed rabbit as a unique model of nonalcoholic, nonobese, non-insulin-resistant fatty liver disease with characteristic fibrosis. J. Gastroenterol. 41, 971\u2013980 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090895","volume":"177","author":"T Ogawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ogawa, T., Fujii, H., Yoshizato, K. & Kawada, N. A human-type nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model with advanced fibrosis in rabbits. Am. J. Pathol. 177, 153\u2013165 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1002\/2211-5463.13597","volume":"13","author":"GH Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, G. H., Kang, K. K., Yun, H. H., Jo, W. & Oh, T. Multiple time-dependent pathophysiological changes in a rabbit model of high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. FEBS Open Bio 13, 1027\u20131040 (2023).","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"1162_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.912","volume":"15","author":"JF Fu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fu, J. F. et al. A rabbit model of pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the role of adiponectin. World J. Gastroenterol. 15, 912\u2013918 (2009).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR157","first-page":"2898","volume":"18","author":"Y Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Establishment of a novel non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model using cholesterol-fed rabbits with reference to the potential role of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol. Med. Rep. 18, 2898\u20132904 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202200346R","volume":"36","author":"CD Green","year":"2022","unstructured":"Green, C. D. et al. A new preclinical model of western diet-induced progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. FASEB J. 36, e22372 (2022).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"1162_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.01.034","volume":"184","author":"JK Dowman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dowman, J. K. et al. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma in a murine model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by use of a high-fat\/fructose diet and sedentary lifestyle. Am. J. Pathol. 184, 1550\u20131561 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08258-3","volume":"636","author":"R Fowle-Grider","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fowle-Grider, R. et al. Dietary fructose enhances tumour growth indirectly via interorgan lipid transfer. Nature 636, 737\u2013744 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12240","volume":"98","author":"A Ikawa-Yoshida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ikawa-Yoshida, A. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma in a mouse model fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 98, 221\u2013233 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.080366","volume":"52","author":"Y Kuang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuang, Y. et al. Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11c]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies. J. Nucl. Med. 52, 98\u2013106 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000962","volume":"81","author":"Q Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Comprehensive profiling of lipid metabolic reprogramming expands precision medicine for HCC. Hepatology 81, 1164\u20131180 (2025).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-96076-2","volume":"11","author":"MYW Zaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zaki, M. Y. W. et al. Key features of the environment promoting liver cancer in the absence of cirrhosis. Sci. Rep. 11, 16727 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.05.001","volume":"20","author":"A Umemura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umemura, A. et al. Liver damage, inflammation, and enhanced tumorigenesis after persistent mTORC1 inhibition. Cell Metab. 20, 133\u2013144 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12347","volume":"499","author":"S Yoshimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, S. et al. Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome. Nature 499, 97\u2013101 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado9311","volume":"10","author":"X Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi, X. et al. Compromised macrophages contribute to progression of MASH to hepatocellular carcinoma in FGF21KO mice. Sci. Adv. 10, eado9311 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-016-0477-5","volume":"16","author":"N Kishida","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kishida, N. et al. Development of a novel mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis using a high-fat, choline-deficient diet and intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine. BMC Gastroenterol. 16, 61 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.005","volume":"79","author":"Q Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song, Q. et al. Bifidobacterium pseudolongum-generated acetate suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Hepatol. 79, 1352\u20131365 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104952","volume":"100","author":"HC Lau","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lau, H. C. et al. Lactobacillus acidophilus suppresses non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma through producing valeric acid. EBioMedicine 100, 104952 (2024).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1162_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1538\/expanim.18-0108","volume":"68","author":"G Komatsu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Komatsu, G. et al. AIM-deficient mouse fed a high-trans fat, high-cholesterol diet: a new animal model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Exp. Anim. 68, 147\u2013158 (2019).","journal-title":"Exp. Anim."},{"key":"1162_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2013.112","volume":"20","author":"FJ Cubero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cubero, F. J. et al. TNFR1 determines progression of chronic liver injury in the IKK\u03b3\/Nemo genetic model. Cell Death Differ. 20, 1580\u20131592 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"1162_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27923-z","volume":"13","author":"G Belenguer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Belenguer, G. et al. RNF43\/ZNRF3 loss predisposes to hepatocellular-carcinoma by impairing liver regeneration and altering the liver lipid metabolic ground-state. Nat. Commun. 13, 334 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20513","volume":"113","author":"Y Horie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Horie, Y. et al. Hepatocyte-specific Pten deficiency results in steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas. J. Clin. Invest. 113, 1774\u20131783 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1162_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.09.012","volume":"62","author":"M Peyrou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peyrou, M. et al. Hepatic PTEN deficiency improves muscle insulin sensitivity and decreases adiposity in mice. J. Hepatol. 62, 421\u2013429 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-333154","volume":"74","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Hepatic TM6SF2 activates antitumour immunity to suppress metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-related hepatocellular carcinoma and boosts immunotherapy. Gut 74, 639\u2013651 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1162_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2025.04.014","author":"JH Cho","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cho, J. H. et al. The patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 148M variant exacerbates alcohol-induced liver injury and tumorigenesis in mice. Am. J. Pathol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2025.04.014 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109081","volume":"108","author":"E Patsenker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Patsenker, E. et al. The PNPLA3 variant I148M reveals protective effects toward hepatocellular carcinoma in mice via restoration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fats. J. Nutr. Biochem. 108, 109081 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"1162_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio058678","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.058678","volume":"10","author":"C Kiourtis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kiourtis, C. et al. Specificity and off-target effects of AAV8-TBG viral vectors for the manipulation of hepatocellular gene expression in mice. Biol. Open 10, bio058678 (2021).","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"1162_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08585-z","volume":"639","author":"M Muller","year":"2025","unstructured":"Muller, M. et al. Human-correlated genetic models identify precision therapy for liver cancer. Nature 639, 754\u2013764 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13589","volume":"514","author":"W Xue","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xue, W. et al. CRISPR-mediated direct mutation of cancer genes in the mouse liver. Nature 514, 380\u2013384 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abn5683","volume":"8","author":"M Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang, M. et al. Liver cancer heterogeneity modeled by in situ genome editing of hepatocytes. Sci. Adv. 8, eabn5683 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-8967-6_15","volume":"1907","author":"AP Chiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chiu, A. P. & Keng, V. W. Liver-specific delivery of sleeping beauty transposon system by hydrodynamic injection for cancer gene validation. Methods Mol. Biol. 1907, 185\u2013196 (2019).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0033-6","volume":"15","author":"ZJ Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown, Z. J., Heinrich, B. & Greten, T. F. Mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and highlights for immunotherapy research. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 15, 536\u2013554 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12010014","volume":"12","author":"K Cho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cho, K. et al. Genetically engineered mouse models for liver cancer. Cancers 12, 14 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1162_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2022.113042","volume":"412","author":"CY Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu, C. Y. & Lee, T. K. W. Preclinical mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma: an overview and update. Exp. Cell Res. 412, 113042 (2022).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"1162_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101188","volume":"4","author":"B Allard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Allard, B. et al. Adenosine A2A receptor is a tumor suppressor of NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Rep. Med. 4, 101188 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.06.002","volume":"83","author":"A Alguero-Nadal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alguero-Nadal, A. et al. Steatotic liver disease induces YAP\/TAZ-driven cell competition that can suppress tumor initiation. J. Hepatol. 83, 1142\u20131155 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/mps1020021","volume":"1","author":"ZJ Brown","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brown, Z. J., Heinrich, B. & Greten, T. F. Establishment of orthotopic liver tumors by surgical intrahepatic tumor injection in mice with underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods Protoc. 1, 21 (2018).","journal-title":"Methods Protoc."},{"key":"1162_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2024.103341","volume":"5","author":"S Ghabra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghabra, S., Trehan, R., Rodriguez-Matos, F., Ma, C. & Greten, T. F. Protocol for establishing liver tumors via ultrasound-guided intrahepatic injection prior partial hepatic resection in a mouse model. STAR Protoc. 5, 103341 (2024).","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"1162_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.2144\/000112598","volume":"43","author":"P Hughes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hughes, P., Marshall, D., Reid, Y., Parkes, H. & Gelber, C. The costs of using unauthenticated, over-passaged cell lines: how much more data do we need? Biotechniques 43, 581\u2013572 (2007).","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"1162_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.7171\/jbt.18-2902-002","volume":"29","author":"A Bairoch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bairoch, A. The cellosaurus, a cell-line knowledge resource. J. Biomol. Tech. 29, 25\u201338 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Tech."},{"key":"1162_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218412","volume":"14","author":"JL Almeida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almeida, J. L. et al. Interlaboratory study to validate a STR profiling method for intraspecies identification of mouse cell lines. PLoS One 14, e0218412 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2012.0079","volume":"17","author":"A Van Summeren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Van Summeren, A. et al. Screening for drug-induced hepatotoxicity in primary mouse hepatocytes using acetaminophen, amiodarone, and cyclosporin a as model compounds: an omics-guided approach. OMICS 17, 71\u201383 (2013).","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"1162_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx289","volume":"162","author":"CC Bell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bell, C. C. et al. Comparison of hepatic 2D sandwich cultures and 3D spheroids for long-term toxicity applications: a multicenter study. Toxicol. Sci. 162, 655\u2013666 (2018).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E578","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00365.2018","volume":"316","author":"SR Nagarajan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nagarajan, S. R. et al. Lipid and glucose metabolism in hepatocyte cell lines and primary mouse hepatocytes: a comprehensive resource for in vitro studies of hepatic metabolism. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 316, E578\u2013E589 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2074-7_4","volume":"1250","author":"E Ramboer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramboer, E., Vanhaecke, T., Rogiers, V. & Vinken, M. Immortalized human hepatic cell lines for in vitro testing and research purposes. Methods Mol. Biol. 1250, 53\u201376 (2015).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.2.674","volume":"91","author":"JC Wu","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wu, J. C., Merlino, G. & Fausto, N. Establishment and characterization of differentiated, nontransformed hepatocyte cell lines derived from mice transgenic for transforming growth factor alpha. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 674\u2013678 (1994).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1162_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2012.683442","volume":"118","author":"CH Samanez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samanez, C. H. et al. The human hepatocyte cell lines IHH and HepaRG: models to study glucose, lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Arch. Physiol. Biochem. 118, 102\u2013111 (2012).","journal-title":"Arch. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"1162_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-011-2311-5","volume":"54","author":"X Stephenne","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stephenne, X. et al. Metformin activates AMP-activated protein kinase in primary human hepatocytes by decreasing cellular energy status. Diabetologia 54, 3101\u20133110 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1162_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0245-2","volume":"2","author":"SL Pinkosky","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinkosky, S. L. et al. Long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters regulate metabolism via allosteric control of AMPK \u03b21 isoforms. Nat. Metab. 2, 873\u2013881 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2021.02.050","volume":"160","author":"CC Duwaerts","year":"2021","unstructured":"Duwaerts, C. C. et al. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease display a disease-specific gene expression profile. Gastroenterology 160, 2591\u20132594.e6 (2021).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1162_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)85576-1","volume":"17","author":"PV Moghe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Moghe, P. V. et al. Culture matrix configuration and composition in the maintenance of hepatocyte polarity and function. Biomaterials 17, 373\u2013385 (1996).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1162_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1858","volume":"7","author":"LG Griffith","year":"2006","unstructured":"Griffith, L. G. & Swartz, M. A. Capturing complex 3D tissue physiology in vitro. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 7, 211\u2013224 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7229","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.23.7229","volume":"80","author":"T Nakamura","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nakamura, T., Yoshimoto, K., Nakayama, Y., Tomita, Y. & Ichihara, A. Reciprocal modulation of growth and differentiated functions of mature rat hepatocytes in primary culture by cell-cell contact and cell membranes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 80, 7229\u20137233 (1983).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1162_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100779","volume":"5","author":"F Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, F., Schonberger, K. & Tchorz, J. S. Distinct hepatocyte identities in liver homeostasis and regeneration. JHEP Rep. 5, 100779 (2023).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0214-9","volume":"2","author":"M Vacca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vacca, M. et al. Bone morphogenetic protein 8B promotes the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Nat. Metab. 2, 514\u2013531 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2025.101472","volume":"19","author":"MW Haaker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haaker, M. W. et al. Cellular crosstalk promotes hepatic progenitor cell proliferation and stellate cell activation in 3D co-culture. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 19, 101472 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2007.02.033","volume":"132","author":"S De Minicis","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Minicis, S. et al. Gene expression profiles during hepatic stellate cell activation in culture and in vivo. Gastroenterology 132, 1937\u20131946 (2007).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1162_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep13079","volume":"5","author":"G Mazza","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mazza, G. et al. Decellularized human liver as a natural 3D-scaffold for liver bioengineering and transplantation. Sci. Rep. 5, 13079 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2011.09.002","volume":"91","author":"A Castilho-Fernandes","year":"2011","unstructured":"Castilho-Fernandes, A. et al. Human hepatic stellate cell line (LX-2) exhibits characteristics of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 91, 664\u2013672 (2011).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmpk.2018.03.003","volume":"33","author":"J Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, J., Wang, X., Lyu, L., Jiang, H. & Zhu, H. J. Comparison of protein expression between human livers and the hepatic cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 using SWATH and MRM-HR proteomics: focusing on drug-metabolizing enzymes. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 33, 133\u2013140 (2018).","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"1162_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68721-9","volume":"10","author":"A Molinaro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Molinaro, A., Becattini, B. & Solinas, G. Insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in different hepatoma cell lines deviate from hepatocyte physiology toward a convergent aberrant phenotype. Sci. Rep. 10, 12031 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32722-6","volume":"8","author":"M Kozyra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kozyra, M. et al. Human hepatic 3D spheroids as a model for steatosis and insulin resistance. Sci. Rep. 8, 14297 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47737-w","volume":"9","author":"S Prill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prill, S. et al. The TM6SF2 E167K genetic variant induces lipid biosynthesis and reduces apolipoprotein B secretion in human hepatic 3D spheroids. Sci. Rep. 9, 11585 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.12.008","volume":"13","author":"F Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo, F. et al. Hepatic TM6SF2 is required for lipidation of VLDL in a pre-Golgi compartment in mice and rats. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 879\u2013899 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR217","first-page":"1531","volume":"11","author":"S Mukherjee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mukherjee, S. et al. Development and validation of an in vitro 3D model of NASH with severe fibrotic phenotype. Am. J. Transl. Res. 11, 1531\u20131540 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"1162_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9040964","volume":"9","author":"T Hurrell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hurrell, T. et al. Human liver spheroids as a model to study aetiology and treatment of hepatic fibrosis. Cells 9, 964 (2020).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1162_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2018.05.008","volume":"20","author":"IA Khawar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Khawar, I. A. et al. Three dimensional mixed-cell spheroids mimic stroma-mediated chemoresistance and invasive migration in hepatocellular carcinoma. Neoplasia 20, 800\u2013812 (2018).","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"1162_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11826","volume":"494","author":"M Huch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huch, M. et al. In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration. Nature 494, 247\u2013250 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.11.050","volume":"160","author":"M Huch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huch, M. et al. Long-term culture of genome-stable bipotent stem cells from adult human liver. Cell 160, 299\u2013312 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12271","volume":"499","author":"T Takebe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Takebe, T. et al. Vascularized and functional human liver from an iPSC-derived organ bud transplant. Nature 499, 481\u2013484 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sljukic, A., Green Jenkinson, J., Niksic, A., Prior, N. & Huch, M. Advances in liver and pancreas organoids: how far we have come and where we go next. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-025-01116-1 (2026).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-025-01116-1"},{"key":"1162_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-319256","volume":"68","author":"N Prior","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prior, N., Inacio, P. & Huch, M. Liver organoids: from basic research to therapeutic applications. Gut 68, 2228\u20132237 (2019).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1162_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2021.04.005","volume":"28","author":"A Marsee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marsee, A. et al. Building consensus on definition and nomenclature of hepatic, pancreatic, and biliary organoids. Cell Stem Cell 28, 816\u2013832 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1162_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dmm033530","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.033530","volume":"11","author":"M Parafati","year":"2018","unstructured":"Parafati, M., Kirby, R. J., Khorasanizadeh, S., Rastinejad, F. & Malany, S. A nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes, created by endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced steatosis. Dis. Model. Mech. 11, dmm033530 (2018).","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"1162_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.05.007","volume":"30","author":"R Ouchi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ouchi, R. et al. Modeling steatohepatitis in humans with pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids. Cell Metab. 30, 374\u2013384.e6 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202417332","volume":"12","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Engineered hydrogels for organoid models of human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Adv. Sci. 12, e17332 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01680-4","volume":"41","author":"D Hendriks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hendriks, D. et al. Engineered human hepatocyte organoids enable CRISPR-based target discovery and drug screening for steatosis. Nat. Biotechnol. 41, 1567\u20131581 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1162_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yuan, L. et al. Human assembloids recapitulate periportal liver tissue in vitro. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-09884-1\u00a0(2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09884-1"},{"key":"1162_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09183-9","volume":"644","author":"AM Dowbaj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dowbaj, A. M. et al. Mouse liver assembloids model periportal architecture and biliary fibrosis. Nature 644, 473\u2013482 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08861-y","volume":"641","author":"R Igarashi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Igarashi, R. et al. Generation of human adult hepatocyte organoids with metabolic functions. Nature 641, 1248\u20131257 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08850-1","volume":"641","author":"HA Reza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reza, H. A. et al. Multi-zonal liver organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nature 641, 1258\u20131267 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55438-2","volume":"14","author":"R Kostadinova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kostadinova, R. et al. Digital pathology with artificial intelligence analysis provides insight to the efficacy of anti-fibrotic compounds in human 3D MASH model. Sci. Rep. 14, 5885 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9010083","volume":"9","author":"G Mazza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazza, G. et al. Cirrhotic human liver extracellular matrix 3D scaffolds promote smad-dependent TGF-\u03b21 epithelial mesenchymal transition. Cells 9, 83 (2019).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1162_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09391-y","volume":"7","author":"Y Miyauchi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miyauchi, Y. et al. A novel three-dimensional culture system maintaining the physiological extracellular matrix of fibrotic model livers accelerates progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci. Rep. 7, 9827 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4936","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13194936","volume":"13","author":"K Thanapirom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thanapirom, K. et al. Optimization and validation of a novel three-dimensional co-culture system in decellularized human liver scaffold for the study of liver fibrosis and cancer. Cancers 13, 4936 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1162_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11850","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911850","volume":"23","author":"SX Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S. X., Yan, J. S. & Chan, Y. S. Advancements in MAFLD modeling with human cell and organoid models. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 11850 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR239","first-page":"162","volume":"43","author":"J Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Decellularized liver scaffolds for constructing drug-metabolically functional ex vivo human liver models. Bioact. Mater. 43, 162\u2013180 (2025).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"1162_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.01.032","volume":"80","author":"E Caon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caon, E. et al. Exploring the impact of the PNPLA3 I148M variant on primary human hepatic stellate cells using 3D extracellular matrix models. J. Hepatol. 80, 941\u2013956 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.06.017","volume":"30","author":"A Collin de l\u2019Hortet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Collin de l\u2019Hortet, A. et al. Generation of human fatty livers using custom-engineered induced pluripotent stem cells with modifiable SIRT1 metabolism. Cell Metab. 30, 385\u2013401.e9 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208958","volume":"14","author":"LM Norona","year":"2019","unstructured":"Norona, L. M. et al. Bioprinted liver provides early insight into the role of Kupffer cells in TGF-\u03b21 and methotrexate-induced fibrogenesis. PLoS One 14, e0208958 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312615","volume":"19","author":"V Joshi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joshi, V. et al. Induction of MASH in three-dimensional bioprinted human liver tissue. PLoS One 19, e0312615 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7021-6_27","volume":"1612","author":"F Pati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pati, F. & Cho, D. W. Bioprinting of 3D tissue models using decellularized extracellular matrix bioink. Methods Mol. Biol. 1612, 381\u2013390 (2017).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204173142210916","DOI":"10.1177\/20417314221091682","volume":"13","author":"E Garcia-Gareta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Garcia-Gareta, E., Perez, M. A. & Garcia-Aznar, J. M. Decellularization of tumours: a new frontier in tissue engineering. J. Tissue Eng. 13, 20417314221091682 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng."},{"key":"1162_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11111706","volume":"11","author":"GS van Tienderen","year":"2019","unstructured":"van Tienderen, G. S., Groot Koerkamp, B., JNM, I. J., van der Laan, L. J. W. & Verstegen, M. M. A. Recreating tumour complexity in a dish: organoid models to study liver cancer cells and their extracellular environment. Cancers 11, 1706 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1162_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2010.111","volume":"5","author":"IA de Graaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Graaf, I. A. et al. Preparation and incubation of precision-cut liver and intestinal slices for application in drug metabolism and toxicity studies. Nat. Protoc. 5, 1540\u20131551 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"1162_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.862185","volume":"9","author":"L Dewyse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dewyse, L. et al. Improved precision-cut liver slice cultures for testing drug-induced liver fibrosis. Front. Med. 9, 862185 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07070-z","volume":"7","author":"LA Kiyuna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiyuna, L. A. et al. Precision-cut liver slices as an ex vivo model to assess impaired hepatic glucose production. Commun. Biol. 7, 1479 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2122287119","volume":"119","author":"TE LaMoia","year":"2022","unstructured":"LaMoia, T. E. et al. Metformin, phenformin, and galegine inhibit complex IV activity and reduce glycerol-derived gluconeogenesis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2122287119 (2022).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1162_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-024-01119-3","volume":"6","author":"N Grankvist","year":"2024","unstructured":"Grankvist, N. et al. Global 13)C tracing and metabolic flux analysis of intact human liver tissue ex vivo. Nat. Metab. 6, 1963\u20131975 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4203","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124203","volume":"13","author":"GH Prins","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prins, G. H. et al. The effects of butyrate on induced metabolic-associated fatty liver disease in precision-cut liver slices. Nutrients 13, 4203 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1162_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.632502","volume":"12","author":"A Riva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riva, A. et al. Soluble TIM3 and its ligands galectin-9 and CEACAM1 are in disequilibrium during alcohol-related liver disease and promote impairment of anti-bacterial immunity. Front. Physiol. 12, 632502 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010150","volume":"25","author":"U Rastovic","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rastovic, U. et al. Human precision-cut liver slices: a potential platform to study alcohol-related liver disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 150 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30651","volume":"70","author":"HL Paish","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paish, H. L. et al. A bioreactor technology for modeling fibrosis in human and rodent precision-cut liver slices. Hepatology 70, 1377\u20131391 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2015.10.028","volume":"1862","author":"JD Coombes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Coombes, J. D. et al. Osteopontin is a proximal effector of leptin-mediated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) fibrosis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1862, 135\u2013144 (2016).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"1162_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16050626","volume":"16","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in a dish: human precision-cut liver slices as a platform for drug screening and interventions. Nutrients 16, 626 (2024).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1162_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11030507","volume":"11","author":"GH Prins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Prins, G. H. et al. A pathophysiological model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease using precision-cut liver slices. Nutrients 11, 507 (2019).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1162_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.05.012","volume":"35","author":"IM Westra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Westra, I. M. et al. Human precision-cut liver slices as a model to test antifibrotic drugs in the early onset of liver fibrosis. Toxicol. In Vitro 35, 77\u201385 (2016).","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"1162_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2013.11.017","volume":"274","author":"IM Westra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Westra, I. M., Oosterhuis, D., Groothuis, G. M. & Olinga, P. Precision-cut liver slices as a model for the early onset of liver fibrosis to test antifibrotic drugs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 274, 328\u2013338 (2014).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-018-9913-7","volume":"13","author":"E Palma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palma, E., Doornebal, E. J. & Chokshi, S. Precision-cut liver slices: a versatile tool to advance liver research. Hepatol. Int. 13, 51\u201357 (2019).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Int."},{"key":"1162_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7137","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22137137","volume":"22","author":"L Dewyse","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dewyse, L., Reynaert, H. & van Grunsven, L. A. Best practices and progress in precision-cut liver slice cultures. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 7137 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.009","volume":"58","author":"P Olinga","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olinga, P. & Schuppan, D. Precision-cut liver slices: a tool to model the liver ex vivo. J. Hepatol. 58, 1252\u20131253 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2019.10.004","volume":"49","author":"F Oakley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oakley, F., Gee, L. M., Sheerin, N. S. & Borthwick, L. A. Implementation of pre-clinical methodologies to study fibrosis and test anti-fibrotic therapy. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 49, 95\u2013101 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02220-0","volume":"10","author":"E Simon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simon, E. et al. Transcriptomic profiling of induced steatosis in human and mouse precision-cut liver slices. Sci. Data 10, 304 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"1162_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-021-02434-x","volume":"25","author":"MG Christensen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Christensen, M. G., Cawthorne, C., Dyer, C. E., Greenman, J. & Pamme, N. Investigating oxygen transport efficiencies in precision-cut liver slice-based organ-on-a-chip devices. Microfluidics Nanofluidics 25, 35 (2021).","journal-title":"Microfluidics Nanofluidics"},{"key":"1162_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15871","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.4c00355","volume":"96","author":"REH Karsten","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karsten, R. E. H. et al. Real-time monitoring of oxygen-consumption rate in mouse liver slices incubated in organ-on-a-chip devices. Anal. Chem. 96, 15871\u201315879 (2024).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"1162_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.12.023","volume":"363","author":"CH Beckwitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beckwitt, C. H. et al. Liver \u2018organ on a chip\u2019. Exp. Cell Res. 363, 15\u201325 (2018).","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"1162_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bonanini, F. et al. A microvascularized in vitro liver model for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biofabrication 17, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad818a (2024).","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5090\/ad818a"},{"key":"1162_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.694834","volume":"9","author":"JK Buick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Buick, J. K. et al. A modern genotoxicity testing paradigm: integration of the high-throughput CometChip\u00ae and the TGx-DDI transcriptomic biomarker in human HepaRGTM cell cultures. Front. Public Health 9, 694834 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"1162_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-022-09842-9","volume":"25","author":"F Bonanini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonanini, F. et al. In vitro grafting of hepatic spheroids and organoids on a microfluidic vascular bed. Angiogenesis 25, 455\u2013470 (2022).","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"1162_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax5516","volume":"11","author":"K-J Jang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jang, K.-J. et al. Reproducing human and cross-species drug toxicities using a liver-chip. Sci. Transl. Med. 11, eaax5516 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-020-00386-1","volume":"18","author":"A Gough","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gough, A. et al. Human biomimetic liver microphysiology systems in drug development and precision medicine. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18, 252\u2013268 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52258-w","volume":"15","author":"L Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi, L. et al. Adipocyte inflammation is the primary driver of hepatic insulin resistance in a human iPSC-based microphysiological system. Nat. Commun. 15, 7991 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25152","volume":"111","author":"LD Buck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buck, L. D., Inman, S. W., Rusyn, I. & Griffith, L. G. Co-regulation of primary mouse hepatocyte viability and function by oxygen and matrix. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 111, 1018\u20131027 (2014).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"1162_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00354A","volume":"19","author":"B Bulutoglu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bulutoglu, B. et al. A microfluidic patterned model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: applications to disease progression and zonation. Lab. Chip 19, 3022\u20133031 (2019).","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"1162_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02616-x","volume":"4","author":"T Kostrzewski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kostrzewski, T. et al. Modelling human liver fibrosis in the context of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis using a microphysiological system. Commun. Biol. 4, 1080 (2021).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i2.204","volume":"23","author":"T Kostrzewski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kostrzewski, T. et al. Three-dimensional perfused human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J. Gastroenterol. 23, 204\u2013215 (2017).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1162_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109393","volume":"36","author":"JC Nawroth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nawroth, J. C. et al. Modeling alcohol-associated liver disease in a human liver-chip. Cell Rep. 36, 109393 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2023.12.005","volume":"194","author":"PK Tan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tan, P. K. et al. Role of hepatic stellate and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in a human primary cell three-dimensional model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Am. J. Pathol. 194, 353\u2013368 (2024).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217703978","volume":"242","author":"FT Lee-Montiel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee-Montiel, F. T. et al. Control of oxygen tension recapitulates zone-specific functions in human liver microphysiology systems. Exp. Biol. Med. 242, 1617\u20131632 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27179-6","volume":"8","author":"YBA Kang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kang, Y. B. A., Eo, J., Mert, S., Yarmush, M. L. & Usta, O. B. Metabolic patterning on a chip: towards in vitro liver zonation of primary rat and human hepatocytes. Sci. Rep. 8, 8951 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1039\/C8LC00418H","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, X., George, S. M., Vernetti, L., Gough, A. H. & Taylor, D. L. A glass-based, continuously zonated and vascularized human liver acinus microphysiological system (vLAMPS) designed for experimental modeling of diseases and ADME\/TOX. Lab. Chip 18, 2614\u20132631 (2018).","journal-title":"Lab. Chip"},{"key":"1162_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1450","volume":"4","author":"T Kostrzewski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kostrzewski, T. et al. A microphysiological system for studying nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol. Commun. 4, 77\u201391 (2020).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2024.1423936","volume":"12","author":"M Xia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xia, M. et al. Comparison of wild-type and high-risk PNPLA3 variants in a human biomimetic liver microphysiology system for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease precision therapy. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 12, 1423936 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14815-w","volume":"7","author":"S Bauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bauer, S. et al. Functional coupling of human pancreatic islets and liver spheroids on-a-chip: towards a novel human ex vivo type 2 diabetes model. Sci. Rep. 7, 14620 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07006-7","volume":"7","author":"J Aleman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Aleman, J. et al. A metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver acinus biomimetic induces pancreatic islet dysfunction in a coupled microphysiology system. Commun. Biol. 7, 1317 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217707731","volume":"242","author":"A Soto-Gutierrez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soto-Gutierrez, A., Gough, A., Vernetti, L. A., Taylor, D. L. & Monga, S. P. Pre-clinical and clinical investigations of metabolic zonation in liver diseases: the potential of microphysiology systems. Exp. Biol. Med. 242, 1605\u20131616 (2017).","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49412-6","volume":"9","author":"F Tonon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tonon, F. et al. In vitro metabolic zonation through oxygen gradient on a chip. Sci. Rep. 9, 13557 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abk2267","volume":"13","author":"S Rao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rao, S. et al. \u03b22-Spectrin (SPTBN1) as a therapeutic target for diet-induced liver disease and preventing cancer development. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabk2267 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-44198-0","volume":"13","author":"N Wiriyakulsit","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wiriyakulsit, N., Keawsomnuk, P., Thongin, S., Ketsawatsomkron, P. & Muta, K. A model of hepatic steatosis with declined viability and function in a liver-organ-on-a-chip. Sci. Rep. 13, 17019 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1002\/hep4.1647","volume":"5","author":"MS Freag","year":"2021","unstructured":"Freag, M. S. et al. Human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis on a chip. Hepatol. Commun. 5, 217\u2013233 (2021).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-01951-7","volume":"11","author":"S Strobel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Strobel, S. et al. A 3D primary human cell-based in vitro model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis for efficacy testing of clinical drug candidates. Sci. Rep. 11, 22765 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.90954","volume":"1","author":"RE Feaver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Feaver, R. E. et al. Development of an in vitro human liver system for interrogating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. JCI Insight 1, e90954 (2016).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"1162_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92264-2","volume":"11","author":"VL Slaughter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Slaughter, V. L. et al. Validation of an adipose-liver human-on-a-chip model of NAFLD for preclinical therapeutic efficacy evaluation. Sci. Rep. 11, 13159 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70091","volume":"45","author":"A Ramandi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ramandi, A., Diehl, A. M., Sanyal, A. J. & de Jong, Y. P. Experimental models to investigate PNPLA3 in liver steatosis. Liver Int. 45, e70091 (2025).","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"1162_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.11.007","volume":"13","author":"M Longo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Longo, M. et al. TM6SF2\/PNPLA3\/MBOAT7 loss-of-function genetic variants impact on nafld development and progression both in patients and in in vitro models. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 759\u2013788 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107727","volume":"26","author":"W Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim, W. et al. Characterization of an in vitro steatosis model simulating activated de novo lipogenesis in MAFLD patients. iScience 26, 107727 (2023).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1162_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2006.11.004","volume":"165","author":"MJ Gomez-Lechon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gomez-Lechon, M. J. et al. A human hepatocellular in vitro model to investigate steatosis. Chem. Biol. Interact. 165, 106\u2013116 (2007).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"1162_CR300","first-page":"95","volume":"2","author":"W Cui","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cui, W., Chen, S. L. & Hu, K. Q. Quantification and mechanisms of oleic acid-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells. Am. J. Transl. Res. 2, 95\u2013104 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"1162_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2020.104952","volume":"68","author":"US Swapna Sasi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Swapna Sasi, U. S., Sindhu, G. & Raghu, K. G. Fructose-palmitate based high calorie induce steatosis in HepG2 cells via mitochondrial dysfunction: an in vitro approach. Toxicol. In Vitro 68, 104952 (2020).","journal-title":"Toxicol. In Vitro"},{"key":"1162_CR302","first-page":"284","volume":"3","author":"HR Yao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yao, H. R. et al. Lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells triggered by free fatty acids. Am. J. Transl. Res. 3, 284\u2013291 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"1162_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.957616","volume":"13","author":"L Bonnet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonnet, L. et al. Cellular senescence in hepatocytes contributes to metabolic disturbances in NASH. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 957616 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1162_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.117.078675","volume":"46","author":"N Tanner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanner, N. et al. Regulation of drug metabolism by the interplay of inflammatory signaling, steatosis, and xeno-sensing receptors in HepaRG cells. Drug Metab. Dispos. 46, 326\u2013335 (2018).","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"1162_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-46011-4","volume":"13","author":"R Rida","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rida, R. & Kreydiyyeh, S. Effect of FTY720P on lipid accumulation in HEPG2 cells. Sci. Rep. 13, 19716 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111835","volume":"17","author":"CY Hsiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hsiang, C. Y., Hsu, K. T., Lo, H. Y., Hou, Y. J. & Ho, T. Y. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid ameliorates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by targeting the CCL2-CCR2 axis to reduce lipid accumulation. Nutrients 17, 1835 (2025).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1162_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-025-02238-5","volume":"24","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. Sorafenib enhanced the function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating PPAR\u03b1-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Mol. Cancer 24, 34 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"1162_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2024.116412","volume":"226","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. BI-7273, a BRD9 inhibitor, reduces lipid accumulation by downregulating the AKT\/mTOR\/SREBP1 signaling pathway. Biochem. Pharmacol. 226, 116412 (2024).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2284","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0093","volume":"11","author":"R Coriat","year":"2012","unstructured":"Coriat, R. et al. Sorafenib-induced hepatocellular carcinoma cell death depends on reactive oxygen species production in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Cancer Ther. 11, 2284\u20132293 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"1162_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2020.03.005","volume":"19","author":"W Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Huang, J., Tang, Y., Yang, Y. & Hu, H. Inhibition of fatty acid synthase (FASN) affects the proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 hepatoma carcinoma cells via the beta-catenin\/C-myc signaling pathway. Ann. Hepatol. 19, 411\u2013416 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.020","volume":"29","author":"JSV Lally","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lally, J. S. V. et al. Inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by phosphorylation or the inhibitor ND-654 suppresses lipogenesis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Metab. 29, 174\u2013182.e5 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.73","volume":"19","author":"H Wobser","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wobser, H. et al. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes induces fibrogenic activation of hepatic stellate cells. Cell Res. 19, 996\u20131005 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"1162_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234300","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1234300","volume":"14","author":"H Rafiei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rafiei, H., Yeung, M., Kowalski, S., Krystal, G. & Elisia, I. Development of a novel human triculture model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and identification of berberine as ameliorating steatosis, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Front. Pharmacol. 14, 1234300 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2025.01.019","volume":"399","author":"J Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, J. et al. An in vitro 3D spheroid model with liver steatosis and fibrosis on microwell arrays for drug efficacy evaluation. J. Biotechnol. 399, 153\u2013163 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1162_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122557","volume":"9","author":"M Stampar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stampar, M., Breznik, B., Filipic, M. & Zegura, B. Characterization of in vitro 3D cell model developed from human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Cells 9, 2557 (2020).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1162_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2021.04.004","volume":"345","author":"NJ Coltman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coltman, N. J. et al. Application of HepG2\/C3A liver spheroids as a model system for genotoxicity studies. Toxicol. Lett. 345, 34\u201345 (2021).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"1162_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-025-02483-z","volume":"24","author":"X Chu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu, X. et al. Fucoidan ameliorates lipid accumulation, oxidative stress, and NF-\u03baB-mediated inflammation by regulating the PI3K\/AKT\/Nrf2 signaling pathway in a free fatty acid-induced NAFLD spheroid model. Lipids Health Dis. 24, 55 (2025).","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"1162_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071629","volume":"20","author":"P Pingitore","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pingitore, P. et al. Human multilineage 3D spheroids as a model of liver steatosis and fibrosis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, 1629 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120904","volume":"275","author":"Y Teng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teng, Y., Zhao, Z., Tasnim, F., Huang, X. & Yu, H. A scalable and sensitive steatosis chip with long-term perfusion of in situ differentiated HepaRG organoids. Biomaterials 275, 120904 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"1162_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159729","volume":"11","author":"M Gori","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gori, M. et al. Investigating nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a liver-on-a-chip microfluidic device. PLoS One 11, e0159729 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-014-0103-y","volume":"14","author":"PF Cheung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheung, P. F. et al. Establishment and characterization of a novel primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line with metastatic ability in vivo. Cancer Cell Int. 14, 103 (2014).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell Int."},{"key":"1162_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92128-9","volume":"11","author":"T Shirasaki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shirasaki, T. et al. Establishment of liver tumor cell lines from atherogenic and high fat diet fed hepatitis C virus transgenic mice. Sci. Rep. 11, 13021 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep27411","volume":"6","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiu, Z. et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines retain the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of primary human cancers. Sci. Rep. 6, 27411 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2430","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26062430","volume":"26","author":"R Scialpi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scialpi, R. et al. New hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) primary cell cultures as models for exploring personalized anti-TGF-\u03b2 therapies based on tumor characteristics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 26, 2430 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4438","volume":"23","author":"L Broutier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Broutier, L. et al. Human primary liver cancer-derived organoid cultures for disease modeling and drug screening. Nat. Med. 23, 1424\u20131435 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xpro.2022.101597","volume":"3","author":"M Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong, M. & Ma, S. Protocols to culture and harvest hepatic tumor organoids for metabolic assays. STAR Protoc. 3, 101597 (2022).","journal-title":"STAR Protoc."},{"key":"1162_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.001","volume":"24","author":"S Nuciforo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nuciforo, S. et al. Organoid models of human liver cancers derived from tumor needle biopsies. Cell Rep. 24, 1363\u20131376 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-78963-6","volume":"14","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, S. et al. Establishment and characterization of mouse metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma organoids. Sci. Rep. 14, 27460 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.10.037","volume":"78","author":"VW Yuen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuen, V. W. et al. Using mouse liver cancer models based on somatic genome editing to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor responses. J. Hepatol. 78, 376\u2013389 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-024-01521-x","volume":"25","author":"MA Khedr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khedr, M. A. et al. Development of hepatocellular carcinoma organoid model recapitulating HIF-1A metabolic signature. Clin. Exp. Med. 25, 9 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05134-1","volume":"7","author":"G Mazza","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mazza, G. et al. Rapid production of human liver scaffolds for functional tissue engineering by high shear stress oscillation-decellularization. Sci. Rep. 7, 5534 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213289","volume":"146","author":"GS van Tienderen","year":"2023","unstructured":"van Tienderen, G. S. et al. Tumor decellularization reveals proteomic and mechanical characteristics of the extracellular matrix of primary liver cancer. Biomater. Adv. 146, 213289 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomater. Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.12.88","volume":"8","author":"HL Kenerson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kenerson, H. L. et al. Tumor slice culture as a biologic surrogate of human cancer. Ann. Transl. Med. 8, 114 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104826","volume":"97","author":"R Jagatia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jagatia, R. et al. Patient-derived precision cut tissue slices from primary liver cancer as a potential platform for preclinical drug testing. EBioMedicine 97, 104826 (2023).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1162_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2022.5107","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. A pre-clinical model combining cryopreservation technique with precision-cut slice culture method to assess the in vitro drug response of hepatocellular carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Med. 49, 51 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HC9.0000000000000706","volume":"9","author":"AL Collins","year":"2025","unstructured":"Collins, A. L. et al. Precision-cut tumor slices for modeling hepatocellular carcinoma enable at-scale drug screening. Hepatol. Commun. 9, e0706 (2025).","journal-title":"Hepatol. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adg6276","volume":"379","author":"M Wadman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wadman, M. FDA no longer has to require animal testing for new drugs. Science 379, 127\u2013128 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1162_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100738","volume":"7","author":"RA van der Heijden","year":"2015","unstructured":"van der Heijden, R. A. et al. High-fat diet induced obesity primes inflammation in adipose tissue prior to liver in C57BL\/6j mice. Aging 7, 256\u2013268 (2015).","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"1162_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28953","volume":"65","author":"Z Hall","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hall, Z. et al. Lipid zonation and phospholipid remodeling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 65, 1165\u20131180 (2017).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2017.10.001","volume":"5","author":"A van Koppen","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Koppen, A. et al. Uncovering a predictive molecular signature for the onset of NASH-related fibrosis in a translational NASH mouse model. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 5, 83\u201398.e10 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2015.02.011","volume":"4","author":"JE Bruin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bruin, J. E. et al. Treating diet-induced diabetes and obesity with human embryonic stem cell-derived pancreatic progenitor cells and antidiabetic drugs. Stem Cell Rep. 4, 605\u2013620 (2015).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14863","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001061R","volume":"34","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. A critical role for hepatic protein arginine methyltransferase 1 isoform 2 in glycemic control. FASEB J. 34, 14863\u201314877 (2020).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"1162_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-2007-1","volume":"16","author":"A Tessitore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tessitore, A. et al. MicroRNA expression analysis in high fat diet-induced NAFLD-NASH-HCC progression: study on C57BL\/6J mice. BMC Cancer 16, 3 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1162_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/msb.20188793","volume":"15","author":"L Niu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Niu, L. et al. Plasma proteome profiling discovers novel proteins associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Mol. Syst. Biol. 15, e8793 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23797","volume":"52","author":"R Kohli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kohli, R. et al. High-fructose, medium chain trans fat diet induces liver fibrosis and elevates plasma coenzyme Q9 in a novel murine model of obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 52, 934\u2013944 (2010).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.704112","volume":"12","author":"WR Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo, W. R. et al. Metformin alleviates steatohepatitis in diet-induced obese mice in a SIRT1-dependent way. Front. Pharmacol. 12, 704112 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G987","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90272.2008","volume":"295","author":"LH Tetri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tetri, L. H., Basaranoglu, M., Brunt, E. M., Yerian, L. M. & Neuschwander-Tetri, B. A. Severe NAFLD with hepatic necroinflammatory changes in mice fed trans fats and a high-fructose corn syrup equivalent. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 295, G987\u2013G995 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G225","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00274.2011","volume":"302","author":"JE Mells","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mells, J. E. et al. Glp-1 analog, liraglutide, ameliorates hepatic steatosis and cardiac hypertrophy in C57BL\/6J mice fed a Western diet. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 302, G225\u2013G235 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2014.11.002","volume":"26","author":"JE Mells","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mells, J. E. et al. Saturated fat and cholesterol are critical to inducing murine metabolic syndrome with robust nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Nutr. Biochem. 26, 285\u2013292 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"1162_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158817","volume":"11","author":"V Marin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marin, V. et al. An animal model for the juvenile non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 11, e0158817 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-020-00462-y","volume":"17","author":"X Xin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xin, X. et al. High-trans fatty acid and high-sugar diets can cause mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis and potential pathogenesis. Nutr. Metab. 17, 40 (2020).","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14923","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314923","volume":"23","author":"S Quesada-Vazquez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quesada-Vazquez, S. et al. Reduction of obesity and insulin resistance through dual targeting of VAT and BAT by a novel combination of metabolic cofactors. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23, 14923 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3428","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.074252","volume":"285","author":"N Alkhouri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alkhouri, N. et al. Adipocyte apoptosis, a link between obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 3428\u20133438 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1162_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5637","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M807616200","volume":"284","author":"ZZ Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li, Z. Z., Berk, M., McIntyre, T. M. & Feldstein, A. E. Hepatic lipid partitioning and liver damage in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. J. Biol. Chem. 284, 5637\u20135644 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1162_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056100","volume":"8","author":"LJ Dixon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dixon, L. J., Flask, C. A., Papouchado, B. G., Feldstein, A. E. & Nagy, L. E. Caspase-1 as a central regulator of high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PLoS One 8, e56100 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21369","volume":"44","author":"EP Newberry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Newberry, E. P., Xie, Y., Kennedy, S. M., Luo, J. & Davidson, N. O. Protection against western diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in liver fatty acid-binding protein knockout mice. Hepatology 44, 1191\u20131205 (2006).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2022.101603","volume":"66","author":"H Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, H., Seok, S., Jung, H., Kemper, B. & Kemper, J. K. Obesity-induced miR-802 directly targets AMPK and promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Mol. Metab. 66, 101603 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8482","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25158482","volume":"25","author":"L Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao, L., Khan, M. S. H., Zu, Y., Liu, J. & Wang, S. Thermoneutrality inhibits thermogenic markers and exacerbates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 8482 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14137","volume":"175","author":"R Flores-Costa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Flores-Costa, R. et al. The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator IW-1973 prevents inflammation and fibrosis in experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Br. J. Pharmacol. 175, 953\u2013967 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.743202","volume":"12","author":"Y Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, Y. et al. Predictive modeling of MAFLD based on Hsp90\u03b1 and the therapeutic application of teprenone in a diet-induced mouse model. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 743202 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1162_CR361","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0286257","volume":"18","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. A new NASH model in aged mice with rapid progression of steatohepatitis and fibrosis. PLoS One 18, e0286257 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05299-4","volume":"610","author":"B Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, B. et al. Gut bacteria alleviate smoking-related NASH by degrading gut nicotine. Nature 610, 562\u2013568 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1162_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.851520","volume":"13","author":"M Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo, M. et al. Comprehensive transcriptome profiling of NAFLD- and NASH-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction. Front. Endocrinol. 13, 851520 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1162_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3456","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.80760","volume":"19","author":"N Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, N. et al. MiR-552-3p regulates multiple fibrotic and inflammatory genes concurrently in hepatic stellate cells improving NASH-associated phenotypes. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 19, 3456\u20133471 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G762","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00476.2011","volume":"302","author":"JL Trevaskis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Trevaskis, J. L. et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonism improves metabolic, biochemical, and histopathological indices of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 302, G762\u2013G772 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI96324","volume":"127","author":"L Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, L. et al. Hepatic neuregulin 4 signaling defines an endocrine checkpoint for steatosis-to-NASH progression. J. Clin. Invest. 127, 4449\u20134461 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1162_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i16.673","volume":"8","author":"MN Kristiansen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kristiansen, M. N. et al. Obese diet-induced mouse models of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-tracking disease by liver biopsy. World J. Hepatol. 8, 673\u2013684 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146337","volume":"11","author":"Y Honda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Honda, Y. et al. The selective SGLT2 inhibitor ipragliflozin has a therapeutic effect on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. PLoS One 11, e0146337 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-020-0209-6","volume":"2","author":"ML Boland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boland, M. L. et al. Resolution of NASH and hepatic fibrosis by the GLP-1R\/GcgR dual-agonist cotadutide via modulating mitochondrial function and lipogenesis. Nat. Metab. 2, 413\u2013431 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00770","volume":"10","author":"HK Drescher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drescher, H. K. et al. The influence of different fat sources on steatohepatitis and fibrosis development in the western diet mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Front. Physiol. 10, 770 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8482","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9101289","volume":"9","author":"O Estevez-Vazquez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Estevez-Vazquez, O. et al. Fat: quality, or quantity? What matters most for the progression of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). Biomedicines 9, 8482 (2021).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"1162_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00518-0","volume":"4","author":"RM Mancina","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mancina, R. M. et al. PSD3 downregulation confers protection against fatty liver disease. Nat. Metab. 4, 60\u201375 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-022-04629-z","volume":"80","author":"SM Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, S. M. et al. Hepatocyte PPAR\u03b3 contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in male and female obese mice. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 39 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032509","volume":"24","author":"K Kanemitsu-Okada","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kanemitsu-Okada, K. et al. Role of B cell-activating factor in fibrosis progression in a murine model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 2509 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.01.003","volume":"11","author":"SM Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, S. M. et al. Hepatocyte-specific loss of PPAR\u03b3 protects mice from NASH and increases the therapeutic effects of rosiglitazone in the liver. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 11, 1291\u20131311 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109258","volume":"118","author":"X Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Gypenosides improve the intestinal microbiota of non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice and alleviate its progression. Biomed. Pharmacother. 118, 109258 (2019).","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"1162_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2022.06.033","volume":"77","author":"M Tripathi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tripathi, M. et al. Vitamin B12 and folate decrease inflammation and fibrosis in NASH by preventing syntaxin 17 homocysteinylation. J. Hepatol. 77, 1246\u20131255 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101210","volume":"48","author":"V Azzu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azzu, V. et al. Suppression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) function promotes hepatic lipid remodelling and restrains NASH progression. Mol. Metab. 48, 101210 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-025-01362-5","volume":"15","author":"J Zeng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeng, J. et al. Transcriptomics, lipidomics, and single-nucleus RNA sequencing integration: exploring sphingolipids in MASH-HCC progression. Cell Biosci. 15, 34 (2025).","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"1162_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58030-6","volume":"10","author":"D Veyel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Veyel, D. et al. Biomarker discovery for chronic liver diseases by multi-omics \u2014 a preclinical case study. Sci. Rep. 10, 1314 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-018-5395-7","volume":"64","author":"KS Tolbol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tolbol, K. S. et al. Disease progression and pharmacological intervention in a nutrient-deficient rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Dig. Dis. Sci. 64, 1238\u20131256 (2019).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14118","volume":"175","author":"M Baader","year":"2018","unstructured":"Baader, M. et al. Characterization of the properties of a selective, orally bioavailable autotaxin inhibitor in preclinical models of advanced stages of liver fibrosis. Br. J. Pharmacol. 175, 693\u2013707 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042446","volume":"25","author":"M Caputo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caputo, M. et al. Genetic ablation of STE20-type kinase MST4 does not alleviate diet-induced MASLD susceptibility in mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 2446 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G51","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00110.2024","volume":"328","author":"MH Nielsen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nielsen, M. H. et al. Characterization of six clinical drugs and dietary intervention in the nonobese CDAA-HFD mouse model of MASH and progressive fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 328, G51\u2013G71 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastha.2023.02.004","volume":"2","author":"MC Sharpe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharpe, M. C. et al. Enhancing hepatic MBOAT7 expression in mice with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Gastro Hep Adv. 2, 558\u2013572 (2023).","journal-title":"Gastro Hep Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR386","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164191","volume":"11","author":"T Chiba","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chiba, T., Suzuki, S., Sato, Y., Itoh, T. & Umegaki, K. Evaluation of methionine content in a high-fat and choline-deficient diet on body weight gain and the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. PLoS One 11, e0164191 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0226854","volume":"14","author":"J Min-DeBartolo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Min-DeBartolo, J. et al. Thrombospondin-I is a critical modulator in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). PLoS One 14, e0226854 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR388","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.32719","volume":"78","author":"T Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, T. et al. Intrahepatic paracrine signaling by cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1 ameliorates diet-induced NASH in mice. Hepatology 78, 1478\u20131491 (2023).","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"1162_CR389","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2022.02.015","volume":"13","author":"K Uehara","year":"2022","unstructured":"Uehara, K. et al. Activation of liver mTORC1 protects against NASH via dual regulation of VLDL-TAG secretion and de novo lipogenesis. Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 13, 1625\u20131647 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR390","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01299-y","volume":"8","author":"Z Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang, Z. et al. Short-term tamoxifen administration improves hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance through JNK\/MAPK in mice. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 8, 94 (2023).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"1162_CR391","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100724","volume":"5","author":"Y Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo, Y. et al. Zinc finger transcription factor Egf1 promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep. 5, 100724 (2023).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR392","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75805-z","volume":"10","author":"S Okishio","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okishio, S. et al. PPAR\u03b1 agonist and metformin co-treatment ameliorates NASH in mice induced by a choline-deficient, amino acid-defined diet with 45% fat. Sci. Rep. 10, 19578 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR393","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1111\/iep.12008","volume":"94","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matsumoto, M. et al. An improved mouse model that rapidly develops fibrosis in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 94, 93\u2013103 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR394","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115851","volume":"22","author":"T Sugasawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugasawa, T. et al. One week of CDAHFD induces steatohepatitis and mitochondrial dysfunction with oxidative stress in liver. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 5851 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR395","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30997-y","volume":"13","author":"S Nakamura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakamura, S. et al. Decreased Paneth cell \u03b1-defensins promote fibrosis in a choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet-induced mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via disrupting intestinal microbiota. Sci. Rep. 13, 3953 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR396","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bio041251","DOI":"10.1242\/bio.041251","volume":"8","author":"N Abe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abe, N. et al. Longitudinal characterization of diet-induced genetic murine models of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with metabolic, histological, and transcriptomic hallmarks of human patients. Biol. Open 8, bio041251 (2019).","journal-title":"Biol. Open"},{"key":"1162_CR397","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11869","volume":"7","author":"J Gautheron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gautheron, J. et al. The necroptosis-inducing kinase RIPK3 dampens adipose tissue inflammation and glucose intolerance. Nat. Commun. 7, 11869 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1162_CR398","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0379-5","volume":"25","author":"M Malehmir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malehmir, M. et al. Platelet GPIb\u03b1 is a mediator and potential interventional target for NASH and subsequent liver cancer. Nat. Med. 25, 641\u2013655 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR399","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.04.037","volume":"79","author":"E Kotsiliti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kotsiliti, E. et al. Intestinal B cells license metabolic T-cell activation in NASH microbiota\/antigen-independently and contribute to fibrosis by IgA-FcR signalling. J. Hepatol. 79, 296\u2013313 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR400","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.06.019","volume":"79","author":"B Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Downregulation of microRNA-145a-5p promotes steatosis-to-NASH progression through upregulation of Nr4a2. J. Hepatol. 79, 1096\u20131109 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202154229","volume":"23","author":"S Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, S. et al. KLF10 promotes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression through transcriptional activation of zDHHC7. EMBO Rep. 23, e54229 (2022).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR402","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1172058","volume":"10","author":"XX Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, X. X. et al. Collagen co-localized with macrovesicular steatosis better differentiates fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mouse models. Front. Med. 10, 1172058 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"1162_CR403","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-020-0511-2","volume":"22","author":"F Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, F. et al. FBP1 loss disrupts liver metabolism and promotes tumorigenesis through a hepatic stellate cell senescence secretome. Nat. Cell Biol. 22, 728\u2013739 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR404","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244763","volume":"16","author":"JK Carter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carter, J. K. et al. Modeling dysbiosis of human NASH in mice: Loss of gut microbiome diversity and overgrowth of Erysipelotrichales. PLoS One 16, e0244763 (2021).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR405","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-023-04009-5","volume":"23","author":"D Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, D. et al. Tianhuang formula regulates adipocyte mitochondrial function by AMPK\/MICU1 pathway in HFD\/STZ-induced T2DM mice. BMC Complement. Med. Ther. 23, 202 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Complement. Med. Ther."},{"key":"1162_CR406","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2613.2011.00793.x","volume":"92","author":"V Trak-Smayra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Trak-Smayra, V. et al. Pathology of the liver in obese and diabetic ob\/ob and db\/db mice fed a standard or high-calorie diet. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 92, 413\u2013421 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"1162_CR407","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/296537","volume":"2013","author":"JW Perfield","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perfield, J. W. et al. Altered hepatic lipid metabolism contributes to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in leptin-deficient Ob\/Ob mice. J. Obes. 2013, 296537 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Obes."},{"key":"1162_CR408","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)30769-0","volume":"14","author":"AG Sutter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sutter, A. G., Palanisamy, A. P., Lench, J. H., Jessmore, A. P. & Chavin, K. D. Development of steatohepatitis in Ob\/Ob mice is dependent on Toll-like receptor 4. Ann. Hepatol. 14, 735\u2013743 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR409","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01097-8","volume":"9","author":"F Suriano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Suriano, F. et al. Novel insights into the genetically obese (ob\/ob) and diabetic (db\/db) mice: two sides of the same coin. Microbiome 9, 147 (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"1162_CR410","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12067","volume":"5","author":"A Rodriguez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez, A. et al. Leptin administration restores the altered adipose and hepatic expression of aquaglyceroporins improving the non-alcoholic fatty liver of ob\/ob mice. Sci. Rep. 5, 12067 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR411","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13786","volume":"174","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. The TIR\/BB-loop mimetic AS-1 prevents non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic insulin resistance by inhibiting NLRP3-ASC inflammasome activation. Br. J. Pharmacol. 174, 1841\u20131856 (2017).","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1162_CR412","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.03.016","volume":"53","author":"QM Anstee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anstee, Q. M. et al. Impact of pan-caspase inhibition in animal models of established steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Hepatol. 53, 542\u2013550 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR413","first-page":"4750","volume":"8","author":"JH Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, J. H. et al. An engineered FGF21 variant, LY2405319, can prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by enhancing hepatic mitochondrial function. Am. J. Transl. Res. 8, 4750\u20134763 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"1162_CR414","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292432","volume":"18","author":"MH Spooner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Spooner, M. H., Garcia-Jaramillo, M., Apperson, K. D., Lohr, C. V. & Jump, D. B. Time course of western diet (WD) induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in female and male Ldlr-\/- mice. PLoS One 18, e0292432 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1162_CR415","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4692","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44100320","volume":"44","author":"FN Camargo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Camargo, F. N. et al. Western diet-fed apoe knockout male mice as an experimental model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 44, 4692\u20134703 (2022).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1162_CR416","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12931","volume":"5","author":"R Schierwagen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schierwagen, R. et al. Seven weeks of western diet in apolipoprotein-E-deficient mice induce metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with liver fibrosis. Sci. Rep. 5, 12931 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR417","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155952","volume":"158","author":"M Mercado-Gomez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercado-Gomez, M. et al. The lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 axis regulates hepatic glutaminase 1 expression promoting liver ammonia build-up as steatotic liver disease progresses to steatohepatitis. Metabolism 158, 155952 (2024).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"1162_CR418","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-024-02001-2","volume":"23","author":"Y Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, Y. et al. Interleukin-21 receptor signaling promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-driven hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing immunosuppressive IgA+ B cells. Mol. Cancer 23, 95 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer"},{"key":"1162_CR419","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202101398R","volume":"36","author":"B Fekry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fekry, B. et al. Hepatic circadian and differentiation factors control liver susceptibility for fatty liver disease and tumorigenesis. FASEB J. 36, e22482 (2022).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"1162_CR420","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150009","volume":"129","author":"TY Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, T. Y. et al. Irisin inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases glycogen synthesis via the PI3K\/Akt pathway in type 2 diabetic mice and hepatocytes. Clin. Sci. 129, 839\u2013850 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR421","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.07.010","volume":"34","author":"P Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. Neuregulin 4 suppresses NASH-HCC development by restraining tumor-prone liver microenvironment. Cell Metab. 34, 1359\u20131376.e7 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1162_CR422","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2023.100759","volume":"5","author":"H Kamioka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kamioka, H. et al. Dyrk2 gene transfer suppresses hepatocarcinogenesis by promoting the degradation of Myc and Hras. JHEP Rep. 5, 100759 (2023).","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"1162_CR423","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318918","volume":"70","author":"F Juhling","year":"2021","unstructured":"Juhling, F. et al. Targeting clinical epigenetic reprogramming for chemoprevention of metabolic and viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 70, 157\u2013169 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1162_CR424","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2024.0364","volume":"30","author":"YH Jung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jung, Y. H. et al. KCTD17-mediated Ras stabilization promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Clin. Mol. Hepatol. 30, 895\u2013913 (2024).","journal-title":"Clin. Mol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1162_CR425","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-018-4004-6","volume":"23","author":"S Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, S. et al. Pioglitazone reduces hepatocellular carcinoma development in two rodent models of cirrhosis. J. Gastrointest. Surg. 23, 101\u2013111 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"1162_CR426","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adh0831","volume":"9","author":"E Boslem","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boslem, E. et al. Therapeutic blockade of ER stress and inflammation prevents NASH and progression to HCC. Sci. Adv. 9, eadh0831 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1162_CR427","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.27454","volume":"11","author":"H Pandit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pandit, H. et al. Carcinogenetic initiation contributed by EpCAM+ cancer cells in orthotopic HCC models of immunocompetent and athymic mice. Oncotarget 11, 2047\u20132060 (2020).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"1162_CR428","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-021-03181-2","volume":"96","author":"A Kermanizadeh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kermanizadeh, A. et al. Particulate and drug-induced toxicity assessed in novel quadruple cell human primary hepatic disease models of steatosis and pre-fibrotic NASH. Arch. Toxicol. 96, 287\u2013303 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"1162_CR429","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfae123","volume":"203","author":"L Fas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fas, L. et al. Physiological liver microtissue 384-well microplate system for preclinical hepatotoxicity assessment of therapeutic small molecule drugs. Toxicol. Sci. 203, 79\u201387 (2025).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR430","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfaf003","volume":"204","author":"T Shinozawa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shinozawa, T. et al. TAK-994 mechanistic investigation into drug-induced liver injury. Toxicol. Sci. 204, 143\u2013153 (2025).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"1162_CR431","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00524","volume":"8","author":"B Scheidecker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Scheidecker, B. et al. Induction of in vitro metabolic zonation in primary hepatocytes requires both near-physiological oxygen concentration and flux. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 8, 524 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1162_CR432","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1053","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00331.2012","volume":"304","author":"A Dash","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dash, A. et al. Hemodynamic flow improves rat hepatocyte morphology, function, and metabolic activity in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 304, C1053\u2013C1063 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR433","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.11.023","volume":"255","author":"Y Terelius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Terelius, Y. et al. Transcriptional profiling suggests that nevirapine and ritonavir cause drug induced liver injury through distinct mechanisms in primary human hepatocytes. Chem. Biol. Interact. 255, 31\u201344 (2016).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"1162_CR434","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2020.112814","volume":"497","author":"D Kartasheva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kartasheva, D., Lagaye, S. & Pol, S. Reply to \u2018Precision-cut human liver slice cultures as an immunological platform\u2019. J. Immunol. Methods 497, 112814 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"1162_CR435","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G336","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00209.2019","volume":"318","author":"E Gore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gore, E. et al. Investigating fibrosis and inflammation in an ex vivo NASH murine model. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 318, G336\u2013G351 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"1162_CR436","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jex2.70043","volume":"4","author":"Y Geng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geng, Y. et al. Characterization of extracellular vesicles derived from human precision-cut liver slices in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. J. Extracell. Biol. 4, e70043 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Biol."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01162-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01162-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01162-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:02:02Z","timestamp":1774915322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41575-025-01162-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"references-count":436,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-025-01162-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5045","1759-5053"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5045","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-5053","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 November 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 January 2026","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"M.V. consults for and received research funding from Boehringer-Ingelheim. M.H. is an inventor on several patents related to organoids. F.O. is an inventor on patents related to precision-cut tissue slices. The other authors declare no additional competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}