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B.H. has served as a consultant for Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Merck, Eli Lilly and Company, Boehringer Ingelheim and Currax; and gave paid lectures for Novo Nordisk, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck, Boehringer Ingelheim and Novartis. P.E.H.S. acknowledges serving as the President of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). He has received grant or research support from Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Diabetesforschung (DZD), the National Institutes of Health, the European Commission, the EU Directorate Public Health, BMBF, BZgA, European Public Health Authorities, SAB, Bayer Vital, Ascensia, Novartis, Astra, Eli Lilly and Company, Sanofi, AOK, the German Diabetes Organisation (DDG), the University of Dresden, MSD, Emperra Health Care, Bodytel, Impeto Health Care, Vitadio, Mebix, VIDEAmedical and UNA. He has received speaker honoraria from the European Commission, AOKplus, AOK, MDK, Ascensia, Novartis, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Johnson & Johnson, Lifescan, Eli Lilly and Company, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, REHASAN, Servier, Sanofi, Leo Pharma, GSK, TUMAINI Institut f\u00fcr Pr\u00e4ventionsmanagement, the German Diabetes Organisation (DDG), Emperra, Zanadio, Vitadio, DiaExpert, Dexcom, the International Diabetes Federation, Janssen, USB and Protina. He has served on advisory boards for the European Commission, Ascensia, Eli Lilly and Company, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, REHASAN, Zanadio, Novo Nordisk, Servier, AOKplus, CCM International, Astra, DDG, EASD, EUDF, IDF, VIDEAmedical, Dexcom, Abbott and Emperra AG. He has acted as a consultant for the European Commission, IDF, AOKplus, TUMAINI Institut f\u00fcr Pr\u00e4ventionsmanagement, Deutsche Herzstiftung, REHASAN, Emperra, Impeto Health Care, Ascensia, Eli Lilly and Company, Philips, GWT, GLG, IT Industry, Infomedica, TK, Hapag-Lloyd, PwC, Pathways Public Health, Novo Nordisk, Lifescan, Vitadio, Perfood, LIVA, ONETWO, Zanadio, Mebix, VIDEAmedical, DIA Expert, UNA Health, HEDIA, Signal Iduna, GRO Health, Diaxilo, Oviva, Mementor and DiaNow. His family own the TUMAINI Institut f\u00fcr Pr\u00e4ventionsmanagement and ISA Investment, and operate the portals \u2018ambulantesfasten\u2019 and \u2018profschwarzfastet\u2019 on Patreon. All this is outside of the submitted work. V.M. declares grant payments made to the Forum for Collaborative Research from the Gates Foundation to support salary. H.G.C.V.S. receives salary support from the Population Health Research Institute Mid-Career Award and research funding from Canadian Institutes of Health Research; and speaker\u2019s honoraria or clinical trial consulting fees from Bayer, Novo Nordisk, Medtronic, Pfizer, Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Baim Institute of Clinical Research and CPC Clinical Research. A.D. declares no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}