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C.D.B. has received research funding from Echosens. Z.M.Y. has received research funding and\/or serves as a consultant or adviser to Intercept, Cymabay, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ipsen, BMS, GSK, Novo Nordisk, Siemens, Madridgal, Merck, Aligos, Akero, Sanofi and Abbott. N.S. received fees for consultancy and giving scientific talks from Allergan, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Genkyotex, GSK, Intercept Pharma, Lilly, Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer and Sanofi; and received research support from AstraZeneca, Sanofi, DSM Nutritional Products and Roche Diagnostics. J.G. has served on advisory boards and receives honoraria for talks from Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca, Roche, BMS, Pfizer, Cincera, Pharmaxis, Boehringer Mannheim, CSL, Norgine, Gilead and Eisai. R.L. serves as a consultant to Aardvark Therapeutics, Altimmune, Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Cascade Pharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Glympse bio, Inipharma, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen Inc., Lipidio, Madrigal, Neurobo, Novo Nordisk, Merck, Pfizer, Sagimet, 89bio, Takeda, Terns Pharmaceuticals and Viking Therapeutics; and has stock options in Sagimet Biosciences; in addition, his institution received research grants from Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals, Astrazeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Galectin Therapeutics, Gilead, Intercept, Hanmi, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Janssen, Madrigal Pharmaceuticals, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sonic Incytes and Terns Pharmaceuticals. G.Y.H.L. is a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Senior Investigator; and has been a consultant and speaker for Bristol-Myers Squibb\u2013Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi and Anthos. M.F. was supported by the NIH, Alleviant, Gradient, Reprieve, Sardocor, Tenax and the Doris Duke Foundation; serves as a consultant for and\/or has ownership interests in Abbott, Acorai, Ajax, Alio Health, Alleviant, Artha, Astellas, Audicor, Axon Therapies, Bodyguide, Bodyport, Boston Scientific, Broadview, Cadence, Cardiosense, Cardioflow, Clinical Accelerator, CVRx, Daxor, Edwards LifeSciences, Echosens, Endotronix, Feldschuh Foundation, Fire1, FlowMod, FutureCardia, Gradient, Hatteras, HemodynamiQ, Impulse Dynamics, ISHI, Lumia Health, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, NucleusRx, Omega, Orchestra, Parasym, Pharmacosmos, Presidio, Procyreon, Proton Intelligence, Puzzle, ReCor, Scirent, SCPharma, Shifamed, Splendo, Summacor, SyMap, Terumo, Vifor Pharma, Vironix, Viscardia and Zol. The other authors declare no conflicts of interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}