{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T21:27:32Z","timestamp":1773178052082,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Microbiol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00824-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T13:06:55Z","timestamp":1667394415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["SARS-CoV-2 variants offer a second chance to fix vaccine inequities"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8770-1042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Hotez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"824_CR1","unstructured":"Holder, J. Tracking coronavirus vaccinations around the world. The New York Times https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2021\/world\/covid-vaccinations-tracker.html (2022)."},{"key":"824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7129e1","volume":"71","author":"R Link-Gelles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Link-Gelles, R. et al. Effectiveness of 2, 3, and 4 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses among immunocompetent adults during periods when SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2\/BA.2.12.1 sublineages predominated \u2014 VISION Network, 10 states, December 2021\u2013June 2022. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 71, 931\u2013939 (2022).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.09.15.507787","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, Y. et al. Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2022.09.15.507787 (2022).","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"824_CR4","unstructured":"Faiola, A., Rauhala, E. & Farzan, A. N. As pandemic surges anew, global envy and anger over U.S. vaccine abundance. The Washington Post https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2021\/04\/24\/coronavirus-vaccine-us-anger-inequality\/ (2021)."},{"key":"824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00770-9","volume":"22","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hotez, P. J. Will anti-vaccine activism in the USA reverse global goals? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 525\u2013526 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-042420-113212","volume":"73","author":"PJ Hotez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hotez, P. J. & Bottazzi, M. E. Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. Annu. Rev. Med. 73, 55\u201364 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Med."},{"key":"824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2022.104217","volume":"83","author":"S Thuluva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thuluva, S. et al. Evaluation of safety and immunogenicity of receptor-binding domain-based COVID-19 vaccine (Corbevax) to select the optimum formulation in open-label, multicentre, and randomised phase-1\/2 and phase-2 clinical trials. EBioMedicine 83, 104217 (2022).","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00442-X","author":"MS Datoo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Datoo, M. S. et al. Efficacy and immunogenicity of R21\/Matrix-M vaccine against clinical malaria after 2 years\u2019 follow-up in children in Burkina Faso: a phase 1\/2b randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00442-X (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10091385","volume":"10","author":"L Vuitika","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vuitika, L. et al. Vaccines against emerging and neglected infectious diseases: an overview. Vaccines (Basel) 10, 1385 (2022).","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-01084-x","volume":"592","author":"P Hotez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hotez, P. COVID vaccines: time to confront anti-vax aggression. Nature 592, 661 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-022-00824-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-022-00824-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-022-00824-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T16:06:50Z","timestamp":1667405210000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-022-00824-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"references-count":10,"alternative-id":["824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-022-00824-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-1526","1740-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-1526","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 November 2022","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"P.J.H. is a co-inventor on non-revenue generating patents for parasitic infections and neglected tropical diseases owned by Baylor College of Medicine (BCM). He is also a co-inventor of a COVID-19 recombinant protein vaccine technology owned by BCM that was recently licensed by Baylor Ventures non-exclusively and with no patent restrictions to several companies committed to advance vaccines for low- and middle-income countries. These include Biological E (India), BioFarma (Indonesia), Incepta (Bangladesh) and ImmunityBio (United States with partnerships in the African Continent including Botswana and South Africa). The co-inventors have no involvement in licence negotiations conducted by BCM. Similar to other research universities, a long-standing BCM policy provides its faculty and staff, who make discoveries that result in a commercial licence, with a share of any royalty income. To date, BCM has not distributed any royalty income to the co-inventors on the COVID-19 recombinant protein vaccine technology. Any such distribution will be undertaken in accordance with BCM policy. In addition, P.J.H. is also the author of several books published by academic presses (ASM\u2013Wiley and Johns Hopkins University Press), and he receives modest royalty income from this activity.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}