{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T04:11:24Z","timestamp":1794283884529,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":203,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01237-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T11:18:38Z","timestamp":1758539918000},"page":"197-214","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Fusobacterium nucleatum: ecology, pathogenesis and clinical implications"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shan-Shan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1883-7736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying-Xuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2282-0248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing-Yuan","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-017-1296-9","volume":"74","author":"JK Kook","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kook, J. K. et al. Genome-based reclassification of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies at the species level. Curr. Microbiol. 74, 1137\u20131147 (2017). The article proposes a revised subspecies classification scheme for F. nucleatum based on comparative genomic analysis.","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415490","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2415490","volume":"16","author":"M Krieger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krieger, M., Guo, M. & Merritt, J. Reexamining the role of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies in clinical and experimental studies. Gut Microbes 16, 2415490 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2024.02.010","volume":"32","author":"M Krieger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krieger, M. et al. Stratification of Fusobacterium nucleatum by local health status in the oral cavity defines its subspecies disease association. Cell Host Microbe 32, 479\u2013488.e4 (2024). The article reports on the correlation between F. nucleatum subtypes and diseases.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00170-22","volume":"7","author":"A Sakanaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sakanaka, A. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum metabolically integrates commensals and pathogens in oral biofilms. mSystems 7, e0017022 (2022).","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"1237_CR5","first-page":"25","volume":"13","author":"B Signat","year":"2011","unstructured":"Signat, B., Roques, C., Poulet, P. & Duffaut, D. Fusobacterium nucleatum in periodontal health and disease. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 13, 25\u201336 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr. Issues Mol. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01936-22","volume":"13","author":"YW Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. W. et al. Genetic determinants of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis in Fusobacterium nucleatum are required for bacterial fitness, antibiotic sensitivity, and virulence. mBio 13, e0193622 (2022).","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"1237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1516-2","volume":"20","author":"JR Collins","year":"2016","unstructured":"Collins, J. R. et al. Periodontal pathogens and tetracycline resistance genes in subgingival biofilm of periodontally healthy and diseased Dominican adults. Clin. Oral Investig. 20, 349\u2013356 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Oral Investig."},{"key":"1237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.566003","volume":"13","author":"V Kapatral","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kapatral, V. et al. Genome analysis of F. nucleatum sub spp vincentii and its comparison with the genome of F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Genome Res. 13, 1180\u20131189 (2003).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"1237_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.5.1270","volume":"43","author":"E Kononen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kononen, E., Kanervo, A., Salminen, K. & Jousimies-Somer, H. \u03b2-Lactamase production and antimicrobial susceptibility of oral heterogeneous Fusobacterium nucleatum populations in young children. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 43, 1270\u20131273 (1999).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"1237_CR10","first-page":"557","volume":"45","author":"CM Ardila","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ardila, C. M., Granada, M. I. & Guzman, I. C. Antibiotic resistance of subgingival species in chronic periodontitis patients. J. Periodontal Res. 45, 557\u2013563 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"1237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2165001","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2023.2165001","volume":"15","author":"Y Yamaguchi-Kuroda","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yamaguchi-Kuroda, Y., Kikuchi, Y., Kokubu, E. & Ishihara, K. Porphyromonas gingivalis diffusible signaling molecules enhance Fusobacterium nucleatum biofilm formation via gene expression modulation. J. Oral Microbiol. 15, 2165001 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783323","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.783323","volume":"11","author":"T Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, T. et al. Interactions between Streptococcus gordonii and Fusobacterium nucleatum altered bacterial transcriptional profiling and attenuated the immune responses of macrophages. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 11, 783323 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-148-2-467","volume":"148","author":"PI Diaz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diaz, P. I., Zilm, P. S. & Rogers, A. H. Fusobacterium nucleatum supports the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in oxygenated and carbon-dioxide-depleted environments. Microbiology 148, 467\u2013472 (2002).","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"1237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0129-6","volume":"17","author":"CA Brennan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brennan, C. A. & Garrett, W. S. Fusobacterium nucleatum \u2014 symbiont, opportunist and oncobacterium. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 17, 156\u2013166 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2381","volume":"8","author":"PE Kolenbrander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kolenbrander, P. E., Palmer, R. J. Jr., Periasamy, S. & Jakubovics, N. S. Oral multispecies biofilm development and the key role of cell-cell distance. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 8, 471\u2013480 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.005","volume":"13","author":"PE Kolenbrander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kolenbrander, P. E., Egland, P. G., Diaz, P. I. & Palmer, R. J. Jr. Genome-genome interactions: bacterial communities in initial dental plaque. Trends Microbiol. 13, 11\u201315 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14822","volume":"30","author":"H Valadbeigi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Valadbeigi, H. et al. Mixed oral biofilms are controlled by the interspecies interactions of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Oral Dis. 30, 3582\u20133590 (2024).","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860149","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.860149","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Shi, T., Li, Y., Huang, L. & Yin, D. Fusobacterium nucleatum: the opportunistic pathogen of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Front. Microbiol. 13, 860149 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01206-08","volume":"47","author":"YW Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han, Y. W., Shen, T., Chung, P., Buhimschi, I. A. & Buhimschi, C. S. Uncultivated bacteria as etiologic agents of intra-amniotic inflammation leading to preterm birth. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47, 38\u201347 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1706","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad045","volume":"119","author":"LJ Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou, L. J. et al. Periodontitis exacerbates atherosclerosis through Fusobacterium nucleatum-promoted hepatic glycolysis and lipogenesis. Cardiovasc. Res. 119, 1706\u20131717 (2023).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2022.08.010","volume":"31","author":"N Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, N. & Fang, J. Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum, a key pathogenic factor and microbial biomarker for colorectal cancer. Trends Microbiol. 31, 159\u2013172 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.70107","volume":"93","author":"B Dodson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dodson, B., Suner, T., Haar, E. L. V. & Han, Y. W. Oral microbiome and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 93, e70107 (2025).","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"1237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034513487559","volume":"92","author":"YW Han","year":"2013","unstructured":"Han, Y. W. & Wang, X. Mobile microbiome: oral bacteria in extra-oral infections and inflammation. J. Dent. Res. 92, 485\u2013491 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.013","volume":"23","author":"YW Han","year":"2015","unstructured":"Han, Y. W. Fusobacterium nucleatum: a commensal-turned pathogen. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 23, 141\u2013147 (2015).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0189-8","volume":"16","author":"N Keum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keum, N. & Giovannucci, E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 16, 713\u2013732 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1237_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07182-w","volume":"628","author":"M Zepeda-Rivera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zepeda-Rivera, M. et al. A distinct Fusobacterium nucleatum clade dominates the colorectal cancer niche. Nature 628, 424\u2013432 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1237_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.05184-22","volume":"11","author":"X Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma, X. et al. Pangenomic study of Fusobacterium nucleatum reveals the distribution of pathogenic genes and functional clusters at the subspecies and strain levels. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0518422 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"1237_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.01.010","volume":"42","author":"C Gur","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gur, C. et al. Binding of the Fap2 protein of Fusobacterium nucleatum to human inhibitory receptor TIGIT protects tumors from immune cell attack. Immunity 42, 344\u2013355 (2015).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"1237_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.012","volume":"14","author":"MR Rubinstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rubinstein, M. R. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal carcinogenesis by modulating E-cadherin\/\u03b2-catenin signaling via its FadA adhesin. Cell Host Microbe 14, 195\u2013206 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00209-09","volume":"77","author":"A Ikegami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ikegami, A., Chung, P. & Han, Y. W. Complementation of the fadA mutation in Fusobacterium nucleatum demonstrates that the surface-exposed adhesin promotes cellular invasion and placental colonization. Infect. Immun. 77, 3075\u20133079 (2009).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"1237_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06503.x","volume":"71","author":"CW Kaplan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kaplan, C. W., Lux, R., Haake, S. K. & Shi, W. The Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane protein RadD is an arginine-inhibitable adhesin required for inter-species adherence and the structured architecture of multispecies biofilm. Mol. Microbiol. 71, 35\u201347 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.018","volume":"31","author":"M Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong, M. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates rheumatoid arthritis through FadA-containing outer membrane vesicles. Cell Host Microbe 31, 798\u2013810.e7 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01784-w","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. The adhesin RadD enhances Fusobacterium nucleatum tumour colonization and colorectal carcinogenesis. Nat. Microbiol. 9, 2292\u20132307 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.04.010","volume":"31","author":"SS Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang, S. S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived succinic acid induces tumor resistance to immunotherapy in colorectal cancer. Cell Host Microbe 31, 781\u2013797.e9 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-022-00558-0","volume":"4","author":"D Ternes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ternes, D. et al. The gut microbial metabolite formate exacerbates colorectal cancer progression. Nat. Metab. 4, 458\u2013475 (2022). This article discusses the role of formic acid, a metabolite of F. nucleatum, in the development and progression of CRC.","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"1237_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312766","volume":"66","author":"SH Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong, S. H. et al. Quantitation of faecal Fusobacterium improves faecal immunochemical test in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia. Gut 66, 1441\u20131448 (2017). This article provides evidence supporting F. nucleatum as a diagnostic biomarker for CRC.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1158\/2767-9764.CRC-22-0248","volume":"2","author":"JE Baik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Baik, J. E. et al. Circulating IgA antibodies against Fusobacterium nucleatum amyloid adhesin FadA are a potential biomarker for colorectal neoplasia. Cancer Res. Commun. 2, 1497\u20131503 (2022).","journal-title":"Cancer Res. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-019-0423-2","volume":"3","author":"DW Zheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zheng, D. W. et al. Phage-guided modulation of the gut microbiota of mouse models of colorectal cancer augments their responses to chemotherapy. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 3, 717\u2013728 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"1237_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01957-8","volume":"42","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Killing tumor-associated bacteria with a liposomal antibiotic generates neoantigens that induce anti-tumor immune responses. Nat. Biotechnol. 42, 1263\u20131274 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1237_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07905.x","volume":"82","author":"Y Fardini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fardini, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum adhesin FadA binds vascular endothelial cadherin and alters endothelial integrity. Mol. Microbiol. 82, 1468\u20131480 (2011).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02838-14","volume":"83","author":"S Coppenhagen-Glazer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coppenhagen-Glazer, S. et al. Fap2 of Fusobacterium nucleatum is a galactose-inhibitable adhesin involved in coaggregation, cell adhesion, and preterm birth. Infect. Immun. 83, 1104\u20131113 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"1237_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2019.102100","volume":"62","author":"A Horiuchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horiuchi, A., Kokubu, E., Warita, T. & Ishihara, K. Synergistic biofilm formation by Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Anaerobe 62, 102100 (2020).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"1237_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.6.3140-3146.2000","volume":"68","author":"YW Han","year":"2000","unstructured":"Han, Y. W. et al. Interactions between periodontal bacteria and human oral epithelial cells: Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to and invades epithelial cells. Infect. Immun. 68, 3140\u20133146 (2000).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"1237_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25000","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M611567200","volume":"282","author":"M Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu, M. et al. FadA from Fusobacterium nucleatum utilizes both secreted and nonsecreted forms for functional oligomerization for attachment and invasion of host cells. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 25000\u201325009 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"1237_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1006\/anae.1997.0140","volume":"4","author":"AH Rogers","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rogers, A. H., Chen, J., Zilm, P. S. & Gully, N. J. The behaviour of Fusobacterium nucleatum chemostat-grown in glucose- and amino acid-based chemically defined media. Anaerobe 4, 111\u2013116 (1998).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"1237_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350156","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2350156","volume":"16","author":"L Kvich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kvich, L. et al. Biofilms and core pathogens shape the tumor microenvironment and immune phenotype in colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 16, 2350156 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00717-7","volume":"11","author":"J Queen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Queen, J. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum is enriched in invasive biofilms in colorectal cancer. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 11, 81 (2025).","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"1237_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-017-0040-3","volume":"3","author":"JL Drewes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drewes, J. L. et al. High-resolution bacterial 16S rRNA gene profile meta-analysis and biofilm status reveal common colorectal cancer consortia. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 3, 34 (2017).","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"1237_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yanez, L. et al. Co-culture of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum synergistically elevates IL-6 expression via TLR4 signaling in oral keratinocytes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25073611 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073611"},{"key":"1237_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202400882","volume":"11","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Outer membrane vesicles derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum trigger periodontitis through host overimmunity. Adv. Sci. 11, e2400882 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2388900","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2388900","volume":"16","author":"N Yakar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yakar, N. et al. Targeted elimination of Fusobacterium nucleatum alleviates periodontitis. J. Oral Microbiol. 16, 2388900 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-9475-6","volume":"103","author":"C Chang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chang, C. et al. The prevalence rate of periodontal pathogens and its association with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 103, 1393\u20131404 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"1237_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-024-06640-7","volume":"15","author":"F Nie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie, F. et al. The role of CXCL2-mediated crosstalk between tumor cells and macrophages in Fusobacterium nucleatum-promoted oral squamous cell carcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis. 15, 277 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.002","volume":"56","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, G. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane vesicles activate autophagy to promote oral cancer metastasis. J. Adv. Res. 56, 167\u2013179 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21606","volume":"17","author":"J Strauss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Strauss, J. et al. Invasive potential of gut mucosa-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum positively correlates with IBD status of the host. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 17, 1971\u20131978 (2011).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.22-0205","volume":"94","author":"S Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates ulcerative colitis through promoting gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysmetabolism. J. Periodontol. 94, 405\u2013418 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"1237_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-014-3316-y","volume":"60","author":"T Tahara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tahara, T. et al. Fusobacterium detected in colonic biopsy and clinicopathological features of ulcerative colitis in Japan. Dig. Dis. Sci. 60, 205\u2013210 (2015).","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104964","volume":"157","author":"DH Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, D. H. et al. Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum harbored virulence gene fadA are associated with ulcerative colitis and clinical outcomes. Microb. Pathog. 157, 104964 (2021).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"1237_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00106","volume":"11","author":"P Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao, P. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum activates endoplasmic reticulum stress to promote Crohn\u2019s disease development via the upregulation of CARD3 expression. Front. Pharmacol. 11, 106 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1237_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202413128","volume":"12","author":"J Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei, J. et al. The gut microbiota affects anti-TNF responsiveness by activating the NAD+ salvage pathway in ulcerative colitis. Adv. Sci. 12, e2413128 (2025).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/1751-2980.12909","volume":"21","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates colitis by damaging epithelial barriers and inducing aberrant inflammation. J. Dig. Dis. 21, 385\u2013398 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Dig. Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5358","volume":"250","author":"Y Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates ulcerative colitis through activating IL-17F signaling to NF-\u03baB via the upregulation of CARD3 expression. J. Pathol. 250, 170\u2013182 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"1237_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8407","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S470376","volume":"17","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Fusobacterium Nucleatum aggravates intestinal barrier impairment and colitis through IL-8 induced neutrophil chemotaxis by activating epithelial cells. J. Inflamm. Res. 17, 8407\u20138420 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.202350455","volume":"53","author":"K Boonyaleka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boonyaleka, K. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection activates the noncanonical inflammasome and exacerbates inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 53, e2350455 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"1237_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01324","volume":"10","author":"L Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravates the progression of colitis by regulating M1 macrophage polarization via AKT2 pathway. Front. Immunol. 10, 1324 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1237_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399217","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2399217","volume":"15","author":"D Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, D., Li, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, Y. & Ning, S. Oral inoculation of Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates ulcerative colitis via the secretion of virulence adhesin FadA. Virulence 15, 2399217 (2024).","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"1237_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac177","volume":"29","author":"S Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum extracellular vesicles promote experimental colitis by modulating autophagy via the miR-574-5p\/CARD3 axis. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 29, 9\u201326 (2023).","journal-title":"Inflamm. Bowel Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1902718","volume":"13","author":"L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, L., Liang, L., Yang, C., Zhou, Y. & Chen, Y. Extracellular vesicles of Fusobacterium nucleatum compromise intestinal barrier through targeting RIPK1-mediated cell death pathway. Gut Microbes 13, 1\u201320 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240035","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2240035","volume":"15","author":"S Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei, S. et al. Exosomal-miR-129-2-3p derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected intestinal epithelial cells promotes experimental colitis through regulating TIMELESS-mediated cellular senescence pathway. Gut Microbes 15, 2240035 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2489070","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2489070","volume":"17","author":"Z Xiang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiang, Z. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates colitis via STAT3 activation induced by acetyl-CoA accumulation. Gut Microbes 17, 2489070 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0458-7","volume":"25","author":"S Yachida","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yachida, S. et al. Metagenomic and metabolomic analyses reveal distinct stage-specific phenotypes of the gut microbiota in colorectal cancer. Nat. Med. 25, 968\u2013976 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.126573.111","volume":"22","author":"AD Kostic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kostic, A. D. et al. Genomic analysis identifies association of Fusobacterium with colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res. 22, 292\u2013298 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"1237_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310101","volume":"65","author":"K Mima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mima, K. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal carcinoma tissue and patient prognosis. Gut 65, 1973\u20131980 (2016).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-017-1382-6","volume":"53","author":"Y Yamaoka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yamaoka, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum as a prognostic marker of colorectal cancer in a Japanese population. J. Gastroenterol. 53, 517\u2013524 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1237_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-316661","volume":"68","author":"Y Komiya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Komiya, Y. et al. Patients with colorectal cancer have identical strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum in their colorectal cancer and oral cavity. Gut 68, 1335\u20131337 (2019). The article reports that the intestinal F. nucleatum originates from oral cavity.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.29488","volume":"137","author":"M Ito","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ito, M. et al. Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with clinical and molecular features in colorectal serrated pathway. Int. J. Cancer 137, 1258\u20131268 (2015).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1237_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15559","volume":"36","author":"JH Xue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xue, J. H. et al. Fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum as a predictor for metachronous colorectal adenoma after endoscopic polypectomy. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 36, 2841\u20132849 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"1237_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koliarakis, I. et al. Circulating bacterial DNA in colorectal cancer patients: the potential role of Fusobacterium nucleatum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25169025 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169025"},{"key":"1237_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-022-02218-5","volume":"27","author":"T Ono","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ono, T. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum load in MSI colorectal cancer subtypes. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. 27, 1580\u20131588 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"1237_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363012","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2363012","volume":"16","author":"PH Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park, P. H. et al. Association between gut microbiota and CpG island methylator phenotype in colorectal cancer. Gut Microbes 16, 2363012 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45572-w","volume":"15","author":"H Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes tumor progression in KRAS p.G12D-mutant colorectal cancer by binding to DHX15. Nat. Commun. 15, 1688 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-327156","volume":"72","author":"C Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong, C. et al. Integrated metagenomic and metabolomic analysis reveals distinct gut-microbiome-derived phenotypes in early-onset colorectal cancer. Gut 72, 1129\u20131142 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal5240","volume":"358","author":"S Bullman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bullman, S. et al. Analysis of Fusobacterium persistence and antibiotic response in colorectal cancer. Science 358, 1443\u20131448 (2017). This study demonstrates the association between F. nucleatum and CRC development and provides in vivo evidence that its eradication attenuates tumorigenesis in animal models.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1237_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3248","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.16315","volume":"115","author":"Y Shigematsu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shigematsu, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum, immune responses, and metastatic organ diversity in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cancer Sci. 115, 3248\u20133255 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.008","volume":"170","author":"T Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, T. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to colorectal cancer by modulating autophagy. Cell 170, 548\u2013563.e16 (2017). This study reports the association between F. nucleatum and chemotherapy resistance in CRC.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.226","volume":"220","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, B. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces oxaliplatin resistance by inhibiting ferroptosis through E-cadherin\/\u03b2-catenin\/GPX4 axis in colorectal cancer. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 220, 125\u2013138 (2024).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333790","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2333790","volume":"16","author":"N Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, N. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting pyroptosis via the Hippo pathway. Gut Microbes 16, 2333790 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.06.003","volume":"31","author":"G Serna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serna, G. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum persistence and risk of recurrence after preoperative treatment in locally advanced rectal cancer. Ann. Oncol. 31, 1366\u20131375 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol."},{"key":"1237_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100383","volume":"2","author":"F Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, F. et al. Regorafenib plus toripalimab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a phase Ib\/II clinical trial and gut microbiome analysis. Cell Rep. Med. 2, 100383 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2024.08.019","volume":"42","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy in microsatellite stable colorectal cancer. Cancer Cell 42, 1729\u20131746.e8 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6170","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-0318","volume":"25","author":"K Yamamura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yamamura, K. et al. Intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum levels predict therapeutic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 25, 6170\u20136179 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5574","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1786","volume":"22","author":"K Yamamura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yamamura, K. et al. Human microbiome Fusobacterium nucleatum in esophageal cancer tissue is associated with prognosis. Clin. Cancer Res. 22, 5574\u20135581 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-24-2580","volume":"85","author":"T Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang, T. et al. Intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum recruits tumor-associated neutrophils to promote gastric cancer progression and immune evasion. Cancer Res. 85, 1819\u20131841 (2025).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-024-02753-0","volume":"131","author":"Y Hara","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hara, Y. et al. Presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in relation to patient survival and an acidic environment in oesophagogastric junction and gastric cancers. Br. J. Cancer 131, 797\u2013807 (2024).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1237_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73448-8","volume":"10","author":"ET Boehm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boehm, E. T. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with worse prognosis in Lauren\u2019s diffuse type gastric cancer patients. Sci. Rep. 10, 16240 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312904","volume":"67","author":"C Schulz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schulz, C. et al. The active bacterial assemblages of the upper GI tract in individuals with and without Helicobacter infection. Gut 67, 216\u2013225 (2018).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabn4948","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.abn4948","volume":"15","author":"B Udayasuryan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Udayasuryan, B. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer cells through host autocrine and paracrine signaling. Sci. Signal. 15, eabn4948 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"1237_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.02003","volume":"11","author":"H Alkharaan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkharaan, H. et al. Circulating and salivary antibodies to Fusobacterium nucleatum are associated with cystic pancreatic neoplasm malignancy. Front. Immunol. 11, 2003 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"1237_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.03.021","volume":"187","author":"TW Battaglia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Battaglia, T. W. et al. A pan-cancer analysis of the microbiome in metastatic cancer. Cell 187, 2324\u20132335.e19 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70273","volume":"15","author":"F Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao, F. et al. Integrated spatial multi-omics profiling of Fusobacterium nucleatum in breast cancer unveils its role in tumour microenvironment modulation and cancer progression. Clin. Transl. Med. 15, e70273 (2025).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16967-2","volume":"11","author":"L Parhi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parhi, L. et al. Breast cancer colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum accelerates tumor growth and metastatic progression. Nat. Commun. 11, 3259 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-023-10844-z","volume":"23","author":"G Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, G. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived small extracellular vesicles facilitate tumor growth and metastasis via TLR4 in breast cancer. BMC Cancer 23, 473 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1237_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2024.111168","volume":"85","author":"J Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, J. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes PD-L1 expression in cancer cells to evade CD8+ T cell killing in breast cancer. Hum. Immunol. 85, 111168 (2024).","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"1237_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12446","volume":"39","author":"X Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, X., Yu, K. & Huang, R. The ways Fusobacterium nucleatum translocate to breast tissue and contribute to breast cancer development. Mol. Oral Microbiol. 39, 1\u201311 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45518-2","volume":"15","author":"Y Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao, Y. et al. Microbes translocation from oral cavity to nasopharyngeal carcinoma in patients. Nat. Commun. 15, 1645 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2024.101753","volume":"5","author":"S Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, S. et al. Leucine restriction ameliorates Fusobacterium nucleatum-driven malignant progression and radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Rep. Med. 5, 101753 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2018.01.008","volume":"50","author":"EL Vander Haar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vander Haar, E. L., So, J., Gyamfi-Bannerman, C. & Han, Y. W. Fusobacterium nucleatum and adverse pregnancy outcomes: epidemiological and mechanistic evidence. Anaerobe 50, 55\u201359 (2018).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"1237_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110537","volume":"38","author":"L Parhi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Parhi, L. et al. Placental colonization by Fusobacterium nucleatum is mediated by binding of the Fap2 lectin to placentally displayed Gal-GalNAc. Cell Rep. 38, 110537 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.04.007","volume":"57","author":"S Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen, S. et al. The exoprotein Gbp of Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes THP-1 cell lipid deposition by binding to CypA and activating PI3K-AKT\/MAPK\/NF-\u03baB pathways. J. Adv. Res. 57, 93\u2013105 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Adv. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798685","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.798685","volume":"13","author":"J Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Liu, L., Wu, P., Zhao, L. & Wu, Y. Fusobacterium nucleatum accelerates atherosclerosis via macrophage-driven aberrant proinflammatory response and lipid metabolism. Front. Microbiol. 13, 798685 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.04.006","volume":"8","author":"P Sparks Stein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sparks Stein, P. et al. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 8, 196\u2013203 (2012).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"1237_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884543","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.884543","volume":"16","author":"C Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection-induced neurodegeneration and abnormal gut microbiota composition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like rats. Front. Neurosci. 16, 884543 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"1237_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912709","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.912709","volume":"14","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, H. et al. The periodontal pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum exacerbates Alzheimer\u2019s pathogenesis via specific pathways. Front. Aging Neurosci. 14, 912709 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"1237_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rubinstein, M. R. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer by inducing Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin modulator annexin A1. EMBO Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embr.201847638 (2019).","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201847638"},{"key":"1237_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202152891","volume":"22","author":"Q Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng, Q. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum secretes amyloid-like FadA to enhance pathogenicity. EMBO Rep. 22, e52891 (2021).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-020-01677-w","volume":"39","author":"P Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo, P. et al. FadA promotes DNA damage and progression of Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced colorectal cancer through up-regulation of chk2. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 39, 202 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.07.006","volume":"20","author":"J Abed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abed, J. et al. Fap2 mediates Fusobacterium nucleatum colorectal adenocarcinoma enrichment by binding to tumor-expressed Gal-GalNAc. Cell Host Microbe 20, 215\u2013225 (2016). This study reports the key virulence factor Fap2 of F. nucleatum and elucidates its role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Casasanta, M. A. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum host-cell binding and invasion induces IL-8 and CXCL1 secretion that drives colorectal cancer cell migration. Sci. Signal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/scisignal.aba9157 (2020).","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aba9157"},{"key":"1237_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2019.1581531","volume":"8","author":"C Gur","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gur, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum supresses anti-tumor immunity by activating CEACAM1. Oncoimmunology 8, e1581531 (2019).","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"1237_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110157","volume":"27","author":"J Galaski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galaski, J. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. nucleatum RadD binds Siglec-7 and inhibits NK cell-mediated cancer cell killing. iScience 27, 110157 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1237_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692544","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.692544","volume":"11","author":"J Galaski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galaski, J. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum CbpF mediates inhibition of T cell function through CEACAM1 activation. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 11, 692544 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0307-1","volume":"5","author":"A Zanzoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zanzoni, A., Spinelli, L., Braham, S. & Brun, C. Perturbed human sub-networks by Fusobacterium nucleatum candidate virulence proteins. Microbiome 5, 89 (2017).","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"1237_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011096","volume":"19","author":"Y Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Fn-Dps, a novel virulence factor of Fusobacterium nucleatum, disrupts erythrocytes and promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer. PLoS Pathog. 19, e1011096 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"1237_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40987-3","volume":"14","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Intracellular Fusobacterium nucleatum infection attenuates antitumor immunity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Nat. Commun. 14, 5788 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2295384","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2295384","volume":"16","author":"C Martin-Gallausiaux","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martin-Gallausiaux, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes inflammatory and anti-apoptotic responses in colorectal cancer cells via ADP-heptose release and ALPK1\/TIFA axis activation. Gut Microbes 16, 2295384 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.09.028","volume":"363","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Delivery of short chain fatty acid butyrate to overcome Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced chemoresistance. J. Control. Release 363, 43\u201356 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"1237_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eado0016","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado0016","volume":"10","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, X. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum extracellular vesicles are enriched in colorectal cancer and facilitate bacterial adhesion. Sci. Adv. 10, eado0016 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1237_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-021-00927-7","volume":"6","author":"F Ponath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ponath, F. et al. RNA landscape of the emerging cancer-associated microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum. Nat. Microbiol. 6, 1007\u20131020 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2024.2324587","volume":"23","author":"X Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng, X. et al. Extracellular vesicles from Fusobacterium nucleatum: roles in the malignant phenotypes of gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 23, 294\u2013307 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Cycle"},{"key":"1237_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.70070","volume":"14","author":"W Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-derived outer membrane vesicles promote immunotherapy resistance via changes in tryptophan metabolism in tumour-associated macrophages. J. Extracell. Vesicles 14, e70070 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"1237_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00476","volume":"9","author":"L Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Liu, Y., Zheng, H. J. & Zhang, C. P. The oral microbiota may have influence on oral cancer. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 9, 476 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11237-6","volume":"7","author":"RV Purcell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Purcell, R. V., Visnovska, M., Biggs, P. J., Schmeier, S. & Frizelle, F. A. Distinct gut microbiome patterns associate with consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer. Sci. Rep. 7, 11590 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00493","volume":"7","author":"J Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, J. et al. Human primary epithelial cells acquire an epithelial-mesenchymal-transition phenotype during long-term infection by the oral opportunistic pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 7, 493 (2017).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-838246420140665","volume":"46","author":"MH Fukugaiti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fukugaiti, M. H. et al. High occurrence of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Clostridium difficile in the intestinal microbiota of colorectal carcinoma patients. Braz. J. Microbiol. 46, 1135\u20131140 (2015).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"1237_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.034","volume":"160","author":"MA Engevik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Engevik, M. A. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum adheres to Clostridioides difficile via the RadD adhesin to enhance biofilm formation in intestinal mucus. Gastroenterology 160, 1301\u20131314.e8 (2021). This article describes the interaction between F. nucleatum and the intestinal pathogen C. difficile.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1237_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer through neogenesis of tumor stem cells. J. Clin. Invest. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI181595 (2025).","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI181595"},{"key":"1237_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.11.018","volume":"152","author":"Y Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum increases proliferation of colorectal cancer cells and tumor development in mice by activating Toll-like receptor 4 signaling to nuclear factor-\u03baB, and up-regulating expression of microRNA-21. Gastroenterology 152, 851\u2013866.e24 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1237_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.106770","volume":"26","author":"B Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang, B. et al. MicroRNA-31 induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum infection promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis. iScience 26, 106770 (2023).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1237_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038852","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2022.2038852","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer cells adhesion to endothelial cells and facilitates extravasation and metastasis by inducing ALPK1\/NF-\u03baB\/ICAM1 axis. Gut Microbes 14, 2038852 (2022).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04527-3","volume":"21","author":"S Ou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ou, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum upregulates MMP7 to promote metastasis-related characteristics of colorectal cancer cell via activating MAPK(JNK)-AP1 axis. J. Transl. Med. 21, 704 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28913-5","volume":"13","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum reduces METTL3-mediated m6A modification and contributes to colorectal cancer metastasis. Nat. Commun. 13, 1248 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guo, S. et al. Exosomes derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colorectal cancer cells facilitate tumour metastasis by selectively carrying miR-1246\/92b-3p\/27a-3p and CXCL16. Gut https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321187 (2020).","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321187"},{"key":"1237_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.107686","volume":"26","author":"M Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, M. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by excretion of miR-122-5p from cells via exosomes. iScience 26, 107686 (2023).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1237_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70137","volume":"6","author":"X Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan, X. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by activating E-cadherin\/Kruppel-like factor 4\/integrin \u03b15 signaling in a calcium-dependent manner. MedComm 6, e70137 (2025).","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"1237_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111127","volume":"40","author":"X Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu, X. et al. Long non-coding RNA EVADR induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum infection promotes colorectal cancer metastasis. Cell Rep. 40, 111127 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2019.1695494","volume":"11","author":"S Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis by modulating KRT7-AS\/KRT7. Gut Microbes 11, 511\u2013525 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02331-9","volume":"22","author":"B Hui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hui, B. et al. Exosomes secreted by Fusobacterium nucleatum-infected colon cancer cells transmit resistance to oxaliplatin and 5-FU by delivering hsa_circ_0004085. J. Nanobiotechnol. 22, 62 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"1237_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-018-0985-y","volume":"38","author":"S Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes chemoresistance to 5-fluorouracil by upregulation of BIRC3 expression in colorectal cancer. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 38, 14 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S185766","volume":"11","author":"P Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, P., Xu, M., Xiong, Z., Zhou, F. & Wang, L. Fusobacterium nucleatum prevents apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the ANO1 pathway. Cancer Manag. Res. 11, 9057\u20139066 (2019).","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2197836","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2197836","volume":"15","author":"JW Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, J. W. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma progression and chemoresistance by enhancing the secretion of chemotherapy-induced senescence-associated secretory phenotype via activation of DNA damage response pathway. Gut Microbes 15, 2197836 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-322780","volume":"70","author":"J Hong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hong, J. et al. F. nucleatum targets lncRNA ENO1-IT1 to promote glycolysis and oncogenesis in colorectal cancer. Gut 70, 2123\u20132137 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6157","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-2273","volume":"81","author":"X Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng, X. et al. ANGPTL4-mediated promotion of glycolysis facilitates the colonization of Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 81, 6157\u20136170 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-21-0453","volume":"81","author":"C Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the development of colorectal cancer by activating a cytochrome P450\/epoxyoctadecenoic acid axis via TLR4\/Keap1\/NRF2 signaling. Cancer Res. 81, 4485\u20134498 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103829","volume":"25","author":"CY Hsueh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hsueh, C. Y. et al. A positive feed-forward loop between Fusobacterium nucleatum and ethanol metabolism reprogramming drives laryngeal cancer progression and metastasis. iScience 25, 103829 (2022).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"1237_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02759-22","volume":"11","author":"N Ding","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ding, N. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection induces malignant proliferation of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell by putrescine production. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0275922 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"1237_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2015.1377","volume":"1","author":"K Mima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mima, K. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum and T cells in colorectal carcinoma. JAMA Oncol. 1, 653\u2013661 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"1237_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4470","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15126","volume":"112","author":"Y Sakamoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sakamoto, Y. et al. Relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum and antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Cancer Sci. 112, 4470\u20134477 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2816","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-20-4009","volume":"27","author":"J Borowsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borowsky, J. et al. Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum with specific T-cell subsets in the colorectal carcinoma microenvironment. Clin. Cancer Res. 27, 2816\u20132826 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.CIR-18-0174","volume":"6","author":"T Hamada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamada, T. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum in colorectal cancer relates to immune response differentially by tumor microsatellite instability status. Cancer Immunol. Res. 6, 1327\u20131336 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Res."},{"key":"1237_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4773","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00567-10","volume":"78","author":"CW Kaplan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaplan, C. W. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum outer membrane proteins Fap2 and RadD induce cell death in human lymphocytes. Infect. Immun. 78, 4773\u20134778 (2010).","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"1237_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.07.007","volume":"14","author":"AD Kostic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kostic, A. D. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum potentiates intestinal tumorigenesis and modulates the tumor-immune microenvironment. Cell Host Microbe 14, 207\u2013215 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1980347","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1980347","volume":"13","author":"C Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through miR-1322\/CCL20 axis and M2 polarization. Gut Microbes 13, 1980347 (2021).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3666","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15901","volume":"114","author":"M Hayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hayashi, M. et al. Intratumor Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes the progression of pancreatic cancer via the CXCL1-CXCR2 axis. Cancer Sci. 114, 3666\u20133678 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02817-8","volume":"42","author":"X Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong, X. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-triggered neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate colorectal carcinoma progression. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 42, 236 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442037","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2442037","volume":"17","author":"F Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, F. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum-driven CX3CR1+ PD-L1+ phagocytes route to tumor tissues and reshape tumor microenvironment. Gut Microbes 17, 2442037 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2458203","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2458203","volume":"17","author":"C Duizer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duizer, C. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum upregulates the immune inhibitory receptor PD-L1 in colorectal cancer cells via the activation of ALPK1. Gut Microbes 17, 2458203 (2025).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"1237_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neo.2022.100850","volume":"35","author":"Y Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum stimulates cell proliferation and promotes PD-L1 expression via IFIT1-related signal in colorectal cancer. Neoplasia 35, 100850 (2023).","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"1237_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00795-x","volume":"6","author":"Y Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum enhances the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in colorectal cancer. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 398 (2021).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"1237_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.126516.111","volume":"22","author":"M Castellarin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Castellarin, M. et al. Fusobacterium nucleatum infection is prevalent in human colorectal carcinoma. Genome Res. 22, 299\u2013306 (2012).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"1237_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-024-02117-8","volume":"59","author":"M Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Non-invasive early detection on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions by microbial biomarkers combining epidemiological factors in China. J. Gastroenterol. 59, 531\u2013542 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1237_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309800","volume":"66","author":"J Yu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yu, J. et al. Metagenomic analysis of faecal microbiome as a tool towards targeted non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer. Gut 66, 70\u201378 (2017).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1237_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9727","volume":"6","author":"G Nakatsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nakatsu, G. et al. Gut mucosal microbiome across stages of colorectal carcinogenesis. Nat. Commun. 6, 8727 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-16-1599","volume":"23","author":"Q Liang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liang, Q. et al. Fecal bacteria act as novel biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 23, 2061\u20132070 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"1237_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i11.3227","volume":"22","author":"YY Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li, Y. Y. et al. Association of Fusobacterium nucleatum infection with colorectal cancer in Chinese patients. World J. Gastroenterol. 22, 3227\u20133233 (2016).","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"1237_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33440","volume":"6","author":"HF Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, H. F. et al. Evaluation of antibody level against Fusobacterium nucleatum in the serological diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Sci. Rep. 6, 33440 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-81171-1","volume":"11","author":"M Kurt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kurt, M. & Yumuk, Z. Diagnostic accuracy of Fusobacterium nucleatum IgA and IgG ELISA test in colorectal cancer. Sci. Rep. 11, 1608 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14636","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.6067","volume":"12","author":"R Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, R. et al. Improved diagnosis of colorectal cancer using combined biomarkers including Fusobacterium nucleatum, fecal occult blood, transferrin, CEA, CA19-9, gender, and age. Cancer Med. 12, 14636\u201314645 (2023).","journal-title":"Cancer Med."},{"key":"1237_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171239","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1171239","volume":"2021","author":"K Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, K. et al. The role of fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum and pks+ Escherichia coli as early diagnostic markers of colorectal cancer. Dis. Markers 2021, 1171239 (2021).","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"1237_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.289728","volume":"64","author":"S Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo, S. et al. A simple and novel fecal biomarker for colorectal cancer: ratio of Fusobacterium nucleatum to probiotics populations, based on their antagonistic effect. Clin. Chem. 64, 1327\u20131337 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"1237_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brennan, C. A. et al. Aspirin modulation of the colorectal cancer-associated microbe Fusobacterium nucleatum. mBio https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00547-21 (2021).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00547-21"},{"key":"1237_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-022-02044-6","volume":"128","author":"XL Hong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hong, X. L. et al. Metformin abrogates Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by inhibiting miR-361-5p\/Sonic hedgehog signaling-regulated stemness. Br. J. Cancer 128, 363\u2013374 (2023).","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1237_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2023.04.005","volume":"201","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X., Mendes, B. G., Alves, B. S. & Duan, Y. Phage therapy in gut microbiome. Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci. 201, 93\u2013118 (2023).","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba1590","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba1590","volume":"6","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong, X. et al. Bioinorganic hybrid bacteriophage for modulation of intestinal microbiota to remodel tumor-immune microenvironment against colorectal cancer. Sci. Adv. 6, eaba1590 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1237_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lam, H. Y. P. et al. A novel bacteriophage with the potential to inhibit Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Antibiotics https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics14010045 (2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14010045"},{"key":"1237_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8971","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c12687","volume":"18","author":"S Geng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Geng, S. et al. Biomimetic nanovehicle-enabled targeted depletion of intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum synergizes with PD-L1 blockade against breast cancer. ACS Nano 18, 8971\u20138987 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1237_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202306281","volume":"35","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Antibacterial Fusobacterium nucleatum-mimicking nanomedicine to selectively eliminate tumor-colonized bacteria and enhance immunotherapy against colorectal cancer. Adv. Mater. 35, e2306281 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"1237_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11466","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c01308","volume":"17","author":"X Qu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qu, X. et al. Modulation of intratumoral Fusobacterium nucleatum to enhance sonodynamic therapy for colorectal cancer with reduced phototoxic skin injury. ACS Nano 17, 11466\u201311480 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1237_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.11.014","volume":"31","author":"RA Holt","year":"2023","unstructured":"Holt, R. A. Oncomicrobial vaccines: the potential for a Fusobacterium nucleatum vaccine to improve colorectal cancer outcomes. Cell Host Microbe 31, 141\u2013145 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"1237_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11127-x","volume":"7","author":"SH Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, S. H. et al. Immunization with alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C reduces Fusobacterium nucleatum load in the intestinal tract. Sci. Rep. 7, 10566 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.06.016","volume":"69","author":"L Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. An emerging antibacterial nanovaccine for enhanced chemotherapy by selectively eliminating tumor-colonizing bacteria. Sci. Bull. 69, 2565\u20132579 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"1237_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ding, Q. et al. Heat-killed Lactobacillus acidophilus mediates Fusobacterium nucleatum induced pro-inflammatory responses in epithelial cells. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/femsle\/fnaa160 (2021).","DOI":"10.1093\/femsle\/fnaa160"},{"key":"1237_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10728","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO01388B","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HNU082 inhibited the growth of Fusobacterium nucleatum and alleviated the inflammatory response introduced by F. nucleatum invasion. Food Funct. 12, 10728\u201310740 (2021).","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"1237_CR193","first-page":"18","volume":"22","author":"SM Gatej","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gatej, S. M. et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG protects against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum gut dysbiosis. J. Int. Acad. Periodontol. 22, 18\u201327 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. Periodontol."},{"key":"1237_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00417-0","volume":"9","author":"B Song","year":"2023","unstructured":"Song, B. et al. Akkermansia muciniphila inhibited the periodontitis caused by Fusobacterium nucleatum. npj Biofilms Microbiomes 9, 49 (2023).","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"1237_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Liang, J. Q. et al. A probiotic formula for modulation of colorectal cancer risk via reducing CRC-associated bacteria. Cells https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12091244 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12091244"},{"key":"1237_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04084-22","volume":"11","author":"C Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, C., Song, R., Zhou, J., Jia, Y. & Lu, J. Fermented bamboo fiber improves productive performance by regulating gut microbiota and inhibiting chronic inflammation of sows and piglets during late gestation and lactation. Microbiol. Spectr. 11, e0408422 (2023).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"1237_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105266","volume":"161","author":"PH Sette-de-Souza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sette-de-Souza, P. H. et al. Identification of docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids multiple targets facing periodontopathogens. Microb. Pathog. 161, 105266 (2021).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"1237_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia-So, J. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids suppress Fusobacterium nucleatum-induced placental inflammation originating from maternal endothelial cells. JCI Insight https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.125436 (2019).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.125436"},{"key":"1237_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70089-0","volume":"12","author":"K Kuppalli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuppalli, K., Livorsi, D., Talati, N. J. & Osborn, M. Lemierre\u2019s syndrome due to Fusobacterium necrophorum. Lancet Infect. Dis. 12, 808\u2013815 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116591","volume":"111","author":"F Cobo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cobo, F., Perez-Carrasco, V., Ortega-Gavilan, M. C., Garcia-Salcedo, J. A. & Navarro-Mari, J. M. Bacteremia caused by Fusobacterium gonidiaformans in a puerperal patient. A case report an a literature review. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 111, 116591 (2025).","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05157-z","volume":"22","author":"X Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Fusobacterium periodonticum BCT protein targeting glucose metabolism to promote the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of esophageal cancer cells by lactic acid. J. Transl. Med. 22, 401 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2023.102733","volume":"81","author":"D Fernandez Vecilla","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fernandez Vecilla, D. et al. Fusobacterium ulcerans: from gut to commensal and bacterial translocation? Anaerobe 81, 102733 (2023).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"1237_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.005801-0","volume":"58","author":"T Ohkusa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ohkusa, T. et al. Commensal bacteria can enter colonic epithelial cells and induce proinflammatory cytokine secretion: a possible pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis. J. Med. Microbiol. 58, 535\u2013545 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-025-01237-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-025-01237-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-025-01237-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T13:03:01Z","timestamp":1771333381000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41579-025-01237-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":203,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41579-025-01237-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1740-1526","1740-1534"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1740-1526","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-1534","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}