{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:49:02Z","timestamp":1790693342285,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0150-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T22:28:03Z","timestamp":1557786483000},"page":"463-481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance in nephrology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Tina Z.","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosy Priya L.","family":"Kodiyanplakkal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4647-790X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David P.","family":"Calfee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"150_CR1","unstructured":"Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations. amr-review \n                    https:\/\/amr-review.org\/sites\/default\/files\/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf\n                    \n                   (2016)."},{"key":"150_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance 2014. WHO \n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/drugresistance\/documents\/surveillancereport\/en\n                    \n                   (2014)."},{"key":"150_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"AP Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos, A. P. et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 18, 268\u2013281 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A7","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2018.01.002","volume":"71","author":"R Saran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saran, R. et al. US Renal Data System 2017 Annual\u00a0Data Report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 71, A7 (2018).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"150_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12094","volume":"26","author":"DP Calfee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calfee, D. P. Multidrug-resistant organisms in dialysis patients. Semin. Dial. 26, 447\u2013456 (2013).","journal-title":"Semin. Dial"},{"key":"150_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3380","volume":"13","author":"JM Blair","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blair, J. M., Webber, M. A., Baylay, A. J., Ogbolu, D. O. & Piddock, L. J. Molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 13, 42\u201351 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"150_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(48)92166-7","volume":"2","author":"M Barber","year":"1948","unstructured":"Barber, M. & Rozwadowska-Dowzenko, M. Infection by penicillin-resistant staphylococci. Lancet 2, 641\u2013644 (1948).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"150_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.14.4.385","volume":"14","author":"M Barber","year":"1961","unstructured":"Barber, M. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci. J. Clin. Pathol. 14, 385\u2013393 (1961).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"150_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9212","DOI":"10.1021\/ja8029448","volume":"130","author":"A Villegas-Estrada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Villegas-Estrada, A., Lee, M., Hesek, D., Vakulenko, S. B. & Mobashery, S. Co-opting the cell wall in fighting methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: potent inhibition of PBP 2a by two anti-MRSA beta-lactam antibiotics. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 9212\u20139213 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"150_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61999-1","volume":"375","author":"F Deleo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Deleo, F., Otto, M., Kreiswirth, B. & Chambers, H. Community-associated meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet 375, 1557\u20131568 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"150_CR11","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Europe 2017. ECDC \n                    https:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/surveillance-antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2017\n                    \n                   (2018)."},{"key":"150_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.08.007","volume":"44","author":"VD Rosenthal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rosenthal, V. D. et al. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: device-associated module. Am. J. Infect. Control 44, 1495\u20131504 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"150_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013091028","volume":"25","author":"IM Zacharioudakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zacharioudakis, I. M., Zervou, F. N., Ziakas, P. D. & Mylonakis, E. Meta-analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and risk of infection in dialysis patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 25, 2131\u20132141 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm806","volume":"23","author":"P Lu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lu, P. et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage, infection and transmission in dialysis patients, healthcare workers and their family members. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23, 1659\u20131665 (2008).","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial Transplant."},{"key":"150_CR15","first-page":"1392","volume":"57","author":"DB Nguyen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nguyen, D. B. et al. Invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections among chronic dialysis patients in the United States, 2005\u20132011. Clin. Infect. Dis. 57, 1392\u20131400 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-83822012000300011","volume":"43","author":"LB Giarola","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giarola, L. B., Dos Santos, R. R., Tognim, M. C., Borelli, S. D. & Bedendo, J. Carriage frequency, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from dialysis and kidney tranplant patients at a hosptial in northern Paran\u00e1. Braz. J. Microbiol. 43, 923\u2013930 (2012).","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"150_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12357","volume":"27","author":"C Moore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moore, C. et al. Colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prior to renal transplantation is associated with long-term renal allograft failure. Transpl. Int. 27, 926\u2013930 (2014).","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"150_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/40.1.135","volume":"40","author":"K Hiramatsu","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hiramatsu, K. et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical strain with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 40, 135\u2013136 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR19","volume":"10","author":"S Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Sun, X., Chang, W., Dai, Y. & Ma, X. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of vancomycin-intermediate and heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus isolates. PLOS ONE 10, e0136082 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"150_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1086\/606027","volume":"200","author":"IG Bae","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bae, I. G. et al. Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate susceptibility phenotype in bloodstream methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from an international cohort of patients with infective endocarditis: prevalence, genotype, and clinical significance. J. Infect. Dis. 200, 1355\u20131366 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.1577","volume":"35","author":"DM Gomes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomes, D. M., Ward, K. E. & LaPlante, K. L. Clinical implications of vancomycin heteroresistant and intermediately susceptible Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmacotherapy 35, 424\u2013432 (2015).","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"150_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.03.047","volume":"21","author":"BP Howden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Howden, B. P., Peleg, A. Y. & Stinear, T. P. The evolution of vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) and heterogenous-VISA. Infect. Genet. Evol. 21, 575\u2013582 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"150_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199902183400701","volume":"340","author":"TL Smith","year":"1999","unstructured":"Smith, T. L. et al. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Working Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 340, 493\u2013501 (1999).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"150_CR24","first-page":"565","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2002","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin \u2014-United States, 2002. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 51, 565\u2013567 (2002).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"150_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6437a6","volume":"64","author":"MS Walters","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walters, M. S. et al. Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -Delaware, 2015. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 64, 1056 (2015).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"150_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61219-2","volume":"382","author":"J Melo-Cristino","year":"2013","unstructured":"Melo-Cristino, J., Resina, C., Manuel, V., Lito, L. & Ramirez, M. First case of infection with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Europe. Lancet 382, 205 (2013).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"150_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.06.004","volume":"42","author":"Z Moravvej","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moravvej, Z. et al. Update on the global number of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 42, 370\u2013371 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"150_CR28","unstructured":"Centers Disease Control and Prevention. VISA\/VRSA in healthcare settings. CDC \n                    http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/hai\/organisms\/visa_vrsa\/visa_vrsa.html\n                    \n                   (updated 21 Jul 2015)."},{"key":"150_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.3.1.46","volume":"3","author":"BE Murray","year":"1990","unstructured":"Murray, B. E. The life and times of the Enterococcus. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 3, 46\u201365 (1990).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"150_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux007","volume":"41","author":"TJ Foster","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foster, T. J. Antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Current status and future prospects. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 41, 430\u2013449 (2017).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"150_CR31","unstructured":"The Center for Disease Dynamics Economics & Policy. ResistanceMap: antibiotic resistance. CDDEP \n                    https:\/\/resistancemap.cddep.org\/AntibioticResistance.php\n                    \n                   (2018)."},{"key":"150_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.05.016","volume":"65","author":"IM Zacharioudakis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zacharioudakis, I. M., Zervou, F. N., Ziakas, P. D., Rice,\u00a0L. B. & Mylonakis, E. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization among dialysis patients: a meta-analysis of prevalence, risk factors, and significance. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 65, 88\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"150_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-133","volume":"6","author":"MC Freitas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freitas, M. C. et al. Prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fecal colonization among kidney transplant patients. BMC Infect. Dis. 6, 133 (2006).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11411116","volume":"12","author":"DB Nguyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nguyen, D. B. et al. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Dialysis Event Surveillance Report for 2014. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 12, 1139\u20131146 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy185","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy185","volume":"5","author":"MH Greene","year":"2018","unstructured":"Greene, M. H. et al. Risk factors and outcomes associated with acquisition of daptomycin and linezolid-nonsusceptible vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Open Forum Infect. Dis 5, ofy185 (2018).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis"},{"key":"150_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3334","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.10.3334-3336.2002","volume":"46","author":"SH Marshall","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marshall, S. H., Donskey, C. J., Hutton-Thomas, R., Salata, R. A. & Rice, L. B. Gene dosage and linezolid resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3334\u20133336 (2002).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw052","volume":"71","author":"RE Mendes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mendes, R. E., Hogan, P. A., Jones, R. N., Sader, H. S. & Flamm, R. K. Surveillance for linezolid resistance via the Zyvox\u00ae Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum (ZAAPS) programme (2014): evolving resistance mechanisms with stable susceptibility rates. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 71, 1860\u20131865 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.018","volume":"43","author":"HS Sader","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sader, H. S., Farrell, D. J., Flamm, R. K. & Jones, R. N. Daptomycin activity tested against 164457 bacterial isolates from hospitalised patients: summary of 8 years of a Worldwide Surveillance Programme (2005\u20132012). Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 43, 465\u2013469 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"150_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1086\/659152","volume":"32","author":"M Kamboj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kamboj, M. et al. Emergence of daptomycin-resistant VRE: experience of a single institution. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 32, 391\u2013394 (2011).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12948","volume":"1354","author":"TT Tran","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tran, T. T., Munita, J. M. & Arias, C. A. Mechanisms of drug resistance: daptomycin resistance. Ann. NY Acad.\u00a0Sci. 1354, 32\u201353 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. NY Acad. Sci."},{"key":"150_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1804.110932","volume":"18","author":"T Kelesidis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelesidis, T., Humphries, R., Uslan, D. Z. & Pegues, D. De novo daptomycin-nonsusceptible enterococcal infections. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 18, 674\u2013676 (2012).","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04651107","volume":"3","author":"A Pop-Vicas","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pop-Vicas, A., Strom, J., Stanley, K. & D\u2019Agata, E. M. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria among patients who require chronic hemodialysis. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 3, 752\u2013758 (2008).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000269352.39174.A4","volume":"35","author":"DL Paterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paterson, D. L. & Lipman, J. Returning to the pre-antibiotic era in the critically ill: the XDR problem. Crit.\u00a0Care Med. 35, 1789\u20131791 (2007).","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"150_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00048","volume":"4","author":"G Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel, G. & Bonomo, R. A. \u201cStormy waters ahead\u201d: global emergence of carbapenemases. Front. Microbiol. 4, 48 (2013).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"150_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00564","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00564-17","volume":"61","author":"R Gomi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gomi, R. et al. Occurrence of clinically important lineages, including the sequence type 131 C1-M27 subclone, among extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in wastewater. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 61, e00564-17 (2017).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00424-7","volume":"16","author":"YY Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, Y. Y. et al. Emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance mechanism MCR-1 in animals and human beings in China: a microbiological and molecular biological study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 16, 161\u2013168 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-017-1007-2","volume":"45","author":"C L\u00fcbbert","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00fcbbert, C. et al. Environmental pollution with antimicrobial agents from bulk drug manufacturing industries in Hyderabad, South India, is associated with dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing pathogens. Infection 45, 479\u2013491 (2017).","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"150_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12163","volume":"320","author":"P Harris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris, P. et al. Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam versus meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with E coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance. JAMA 320, 984\u2013994 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taw102","volume":"24","author":"Y Doi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Doi, Y., Iovleva, A. & Bonomo, R. A. The ecology of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBLs) in the developed world. J. Travel Med. 24, S44\u2013S51 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Travel Med."},{"key":"150_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00036-08","volume":"22","author":"GA Jacoby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jacoby, G. A. AmpC beta-lactamases. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 22, 161\u2013182 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"150_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku468","volume":"70","author":"V Pascual","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pascual, V. et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for infections due to AmpC \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 70, 899\u2013904 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.4.1151-1161.2001","volume":"45","author":"H Yigit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yigit, H. et al. Novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase, KPC-1, from a carbapenem-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45, 1151\u20131161 (2001).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.1.147","volume":"35","author":"M Watanabe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Watanabe, M., Iyobe, S., Inoue, M. & Mitsuhashi, S. Transferable imipenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 35, 147\u2013151 (1991).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.052555-0","volume":"62","author":"AP Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, A. P. & Woodford, N. Global spread of antibiotic resistance: the example of New Delhi metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (NDM)-mediated carbapenem resistance. J. Med. Microbiol. 62, 499\u2013513 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"150_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S28","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282","volume":"215","author":"LK Logan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Logan, L. K. & Weinstein, R. A. The epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae: the impact and evolution of a global menace. J. Infect. Dis. 215, S28\u2013S36 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6713e1","volume":"67","author":"KR Woodworth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Woodworth, K. R. et al. Vital signs: containment of novel multidrug-resistant organisms and resistance mechanisms -United States, 2006\u20132017. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep. 67, 396\u2013401 (2018).","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"150_CR57","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Antibiotic resistance threats in the United States, 2013. CDC \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/drugresistance\/threat-report-2013\/pdf\/ar-threats-2013-508.pdf\n                    \n                   (2013)."},{"key":"150_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.174","volume":"37","author":"LM Weiner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Weiner, L. M. et al. Antimicrobial-resistant pathogens associated with healthcare-associated infections: summary of data reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network at the Centers for Disease Control and\u00a0Prevention, 2011\u20132014. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 37, 1288\u20131301 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1021\/bi5000564","volume":"53","author":"KJ Aldred","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aldred, K. J., Kerns, R. J. & Osheroff, N. Mechanism of quinolone action and resistance. Biochemistry 53, 1565\u20131574 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"150_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02236","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02236-16","volume":"61","author":"HJ Morrill","year":"2017","unstructured":"Morrill, H. J. et al. Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli urinary isolates in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 61, e02236-16 (2017).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.02.011","volume":"30","author":"Y Doi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doi, Y., Wachino, J. I. & Arakawa, Y. Aminoglycoside resistance: the emergence of acquired 16S ribosomal RNA methyltransferases. Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. 30, 523\u2013537 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"150_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03703.x","volume":"19","author":"R Leclercq","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leclercq, R. et al. EUCAST expert rules in antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19, 141\u2013160 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5208","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00869-16","volume":"60","author":"G Haidar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haidar, G. et al. Association between the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and in vitro activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and plazomicin against Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-and extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase-producing Enterobacter species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 60, 5208\u20135214 (2016).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E3463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1717295115","volume":"115","author":"EY Klein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klein, E. Y. et al. Global increase and geographic convergence in antibiotic consumption between 2000 and 2015. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E3463\u2013E3470 (2018).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"150_CR65","first-page":"711","volume":"64","author":"LJ Rojas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rojas, L. J. et al. Colistin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: laboratory detection and impact on mortality. Clin. Infect. Dis. 64, 711\u2013718 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.06.023","volume":"48","author":"S Baron","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baron, S., Hadjadj, L., Rolain, J. M. & Olaitan, A. O. Molecular mechanisms of polymyxin resistance: knowns and unknowns. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 48, 583\u2013591 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"150_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.09.025","volume":"48","author":"H Giamarellou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giamarellou, H. Epidemiology of infections caused by polymyxin-resistant pathogens. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents 48, 614\u2013621 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"150_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2016.11.415","volume":"54","author":"JA Al-Tawfiq","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Tawfiq, J. A., Laxminarayan, R. & Mendelson, M. How should we respond to the emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance in humans and animals? Int. J. Infect. Dis. 54, 77\u201384 (2017).","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013","volume":"37","author":"Z Pang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pang, Z., Raudonis, R., Glick, B. R., Lin, T. J. & Cheng, Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol. Adv. 37, 177\u2013192 (2019).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"150_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-017-0296-z","volume":"7","author":"E Yusuf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yusuf, E. et al. Emergence of antimicrobial resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the intensive care unit: association with the duration of antibiotic exposure and mode of administration. Ann. Intensive Care 7, 72 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"150_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00058-16","volume":"30","author":"D Wong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wong, D. et al. Clinical and pathophysiological overview of Acinetobacter infections: a century of challenges. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 30, 409\u2013447 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"150_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.03.032","volume":"73","author":"KJ Towner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Towner, K. J. Acinetobacter: an old friend, but a new enemy. J. Hosp. Infect. 73, 355\u2013363 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1086\/593207","volume":"30","author":"DJ Morgan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morgan, D. J. et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in New York City -10 years into the epidemic. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 30, 196\u2013197 (2009).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2016.04.022","volume":"85","author":"SH Lob","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lob, S. H. et al. Susceptibility patterns and ESBL rates of Escherichia coli from urinary tract infections in Canada and the United States, SMART 2010\u20132014. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 85, 459\u2013465 (2016).","journal-title":"Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR75","unstructured":"United States Renal Data System. 2018 Annual Data Report. USRDS \n                    http:\/\/www.usrds.org\/adr.aspx\n                    \n                   (2018)."},{"key":"150_CR76","unstructured":"ANZDATA Registry. 40th Annual ANZDATA Report (2017). ANZDATA \n                    www.anzdata.org.au\/v1\/report_2017.html\n                    \n                   (updated 18 Aug 2018)."},{"key":"150_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.265","volume":"37","author":"DB Nguyen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nguyen, D. B. et al. Completeness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection reporting from outpatient hemodialysis facilities to the National Healthcare Safety Network, 2013. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 37, 205\u2013207 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR78","volume":"10","author":"L Dalgaard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dalgaard, L. et al. Risk and prognosis of bloodstream infections among patients on chronic hemodialysis: a population-based cohort study. PLOS ONE 10, e0124547 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"150_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6710","volume":"10","author":"M Fysaraki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fysaraki, M. et al. Incidence, clinical, microbiological features and outcome of bloodstream infections in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Int. J. Med. Sci. 10, 1632\u20131638 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"150_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.06.008","volume":"10","author":"F Sahli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sahli, F., Feidjel, R. & Laalaoui, R. Hemodialysis catheter-related infection: rates, risk factors and pathogens. J. Infect. Public Health 10, 403\u2013408 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Public Health"},{"key":"150_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.05.018","volume":"97","author":"LJ Worth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Worth, L. J. et al. Epidemiology of infections and antimicrobial use in Australian haemodialysis outpatients: findings from a Victorian surveillance network, 2008\u20132015. J. Hosp. Infect. 97, 93\u201398 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.5527\/wjn.v1.i4.106","volume":"1","author":"JA Akoh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Akoh, J. A. Peritoneal dialysis associated infections: an update on diagnosis and management. World J. Nephrol. 1, 106\u2013122 (2012).","journal-title":"World J. Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2012.00233","volume":"34","author":"KN Prasad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prasad, K. N. et al. Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in northern India. Perit. Dial. Int. 34, 188\u2013194 (2014).","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"150_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2014.00117","volume":"35","author":"AL McGuire","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGuire, A. L., Carson, C. F., Inglis, T. J. & Chakera, A. Effects of a statewide protocol for the management of peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis on microbial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibilities: a retrospective five-year review. Perit. Dial. Int. 35, 722\u2013728 (2015).","journal-title":"Perit. Dial. Int."},{"key":"150_CR85","volume":"10","author":"D Kitterer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kitterer, D., Latus, J., P\u00f6hlmann, C., Alscher, M. D. & Kimmel, M. Microbiological surveillance of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis: antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a referral center in GERMANY over 32 years. PLOS ONE 10, e0135969 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"150_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.14208","volume":"17","author":"JA Fishman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fishman, J. A. Infection in organ transplantation. Am.\u00a0J. Transplant. 17, 856\u2013879 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"150_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trre.2017.07.001","volume":"32","author":"JM Aguado","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aguado, J. M. et al. Management of multidrug resistant Gram-negative bacilli infections in solid organ transplant recipients: SET\/GESITRA-SEIMC\/REIPI recommendations. Transplant. Rev. (Orlando) 32, 36\u201357 (2018).","journal-title":"Transplant. Rev. (Orlando)"},{"key":"150_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.12659\/AOT.883901","volume":"18","author":"EJ Ariza-Heredia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ariza-Heredia, E. J. et al. Urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients: role of gender, urologic abnormalities, and antimicrobial prophylaxis. Ann.\u00a0Transplant. 18, 195\u2013204 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Transplant."},{"key":"150_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2005.00327.x","volume":"19","author":"P Chuang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chuang, P., Parikh, C. R. & Langone, A. Urinary tract infections after renal transplantation: a retrospective review at two US transplant centers. Clin. Transplant. 19, 230\u2013235 (2005).","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"key":"150_CR90","first-page":"19","volume":"12","author":"K Takai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Takai, K., Tollemar, J., Wilczek, H. E. & Groth, C. G. Urinary tract infections following renal transplantation. Clin. Transplant. 12, 19\u201323 (1998).","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant."},{"issue":"Suppl. 7","key":"150_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12687","volume":"20","author":"C Cervera","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cervera, C. et al. Multidrug-resistant bacteria in solid organ transplant recipients. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 20 (Suppl. 7), 49\u201373 (2014).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182a049fd","volume":"96","author":"M Bodro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bodro, M. et al. Risk factors and outcomes of bacteremia caused by drug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens in solid-organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 96, 843\u2013849 (2013).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"150_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12096","volume":"13","author":"D van Duin","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Duin, D., van Delden, C. & AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infections in solid organ transplantation. Am. J. Transplant. 13 (Suppl. 4), 31\u201341 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"150_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2007.06.061","volume":"39","author":"L Linares","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linares, L. et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in renal transplantation. Transplant. Proc. 39, 2222\u20132224 (2007).","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"150_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182a04997","volume":"96","author":"JR Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, J. R. et al. Independent risk factors for urinary tract infection and for subsequent bacteremia or acute cellular rejection: a single-center report of 1166 kidney allograft recipients. Transplantation 96, 732\u2013738 (2013).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"150_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2010.02.002","volume":"42","author":"HS Pinheiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pinheiro, H. S., Mituiassu, A. M., Carminatti, M., Braga, A. M. & Bastos, M. G. Urinary tract infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in kidney transplant patients. Transplant. Proc. 42, 486\u2013487 (2010).","journal-title":"Transplant. Proc."},{"key":"150_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2016.1213472","volume":"8","author":"SM Pouch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pouch, S. M. & Satlin, M. J. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in special populations: solid organ transplant recipients, stem cell transplant recipients, and patients with hematologic malignancies. Virulence 8, 391\u2013402 (2017).","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"150_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1086\/592412","volume":"29","author":"G Patel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Patel, G., Huprikar, S., Factor, S. H., Jenkins, S. G. & Calfee, D. P. Outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and the impact of antimicrobial and adjunctive therapies. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 29, 1099\u20131106 (2008).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofy026","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy026","volume":"5","author":"JP Burnham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burnham, J. P. et al. Infectious diseases consultation reduces 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality for multidrug-resistant organism infections. Open Forum Infect. Dis 5, ofy026 (2018).","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis"},{"key":"150_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr110","volume":"66","author":"GG Zhanel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhanel, G. G. et al. Ceftaroline pharmacodynamic activity versus community-associated and healthcare-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S.\u00a0aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus using an in vitro model. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 66, 1301\u20131305 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3178","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00484-13","volume":"57","author":"HS Sader","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sader, H. S., Flamm, R. K. & Jones, R. N. Antimicrobial activity of ceftaroline tested against staphylococci with reduced susceptibility to linezolid, daptomycin, or vancomycin from U. S. hospitals, 2008 to 2011. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57, 3178\u20133181 (2013).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.025","volume":"10","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pfaller, M. A., Shortridge, D., Sader, H. S., Flamm, R. K. & Castanheira, M. Ceftolozane-tazobactam activity against drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing healthcare-associated infections in Australia and New Zealand: report from an Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2013\u20132015). J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 10, 186\u2013194 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"150_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.04.004","volume":"69","author":"HS Sader","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sader, H. S., Farrell, D. J., Flamm, R. K. & Jones, R. N. Ceftolozane\/tazobactam activity tested against aerobic gram-negative organisms isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in European and United States hospitals (2012). J. Infect. 69, 266\u2013277 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"150_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ097","volume":"60","author":"J Solomkin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Solomkin, J. et al. Ceftolozane\/tazobactam plus metronidazole for complicated intra-abdominal infections in an era of multidrug resistance: results from a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial (ASPECT-cIAI). Clin. Infect. Dis. 60, 1462\u20131471 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix182","volume":"65","author":"G Haidar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haidar, G. et al. Ceftolozane-tazobactam for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: clinical effectiveness and evolution of resistance. Clin. Infect. Dis. 65, 110\u2013120 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix014","volume":"65","author":"JM Munita","year":"2017","unstructured":"Munita, J. M. et al. Multicenter evaluation of ceftolozane\/tazobactam for serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clin. Infect. Dis. 65, 158\u2013161 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2713","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw239","volume":"71","author":"M Falcone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Falcone, M. & Paterson, D. Spotlight on ceftazidime\/avibactam: a new option for MDR Gram-negative infections. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 71, 2713\u20132722 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30004-4","volume":"16","author":"Y Carmeli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carmeli, Y. et al. Ceftazidime-avibactam or best available therapy in patients with ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa complicated urinary tract infections or complicated intra-abdominal infections (REPRISE): a randomised, pathogen-directed, phase 3 study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 16, 661\u2013673 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw133","volume":"62","author":"JE Mazuski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mazuski, J. E. et al. Efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam plus metronidazole versus meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infection: results from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 program. Clin. Infect. Dis. 62, 1380\u20131389 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix783","volume":"66","author":"D van Duin","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Duin, D. et al. Colistin versus ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Clin. Infect. Dis. 66, 163\u2013171 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR111","first-page":"e00567","volume":"61","author":"M Castanheira","year":"2017","unstructured":"Castanheira, M., Huband, M. D., Mendes, R. E. & Flamm, R. K. Meropenem-vaborbactam tested against contemporary gram-negative isolates collected worldwide during 2014, including carbapenem-resistant, KPC-producing, multidrug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 61, e00567-17 (2017).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0438","volume":"319","author":"KS Kaye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaye, K. S. et al. Effect of meropenem-vaborbactam versus piperacillin-tazobactam on clinical cure or improvement and microbial eradication in complicated urinary tract infection: the TANGO I randomized clinical trial. JAMA 319, 788\u2013799 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-018-0214-1","volume":"7","author":"RG Wunderink","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wunderink, R. G. et al. Effect and safety of meropenem-vaborbactam versus best-available therapy in patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections: the TANGO II randomized clinical trial. Infect. Dis. Ther. 7, 439\u2013455 (2018).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"150_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.03.018","volume":"10","author":"LR Duncan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Duncan, L. R., Sader, H. S., Smart, J. I., Flamm, R. K. & Mendes, R. E. Telavancin activity in vitro tested against a worldwide collection of gram-positive clinical isolates (2014). J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist. 10, 271\u2013276 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"150_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx485","volume":"73","author":"MA Pfaller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pfaller, M. A., Sader, H. S., Castanheira, M., Flamm, R. K. & Mendes, R. E. Antimicrobial activity of\u00a0oritavancin and comparator agents when tested against Gram-positive bacterial isolates causing infections in cancer patients (2014\u20132016). J.\u00a0Antimicrob. Chemother. 73, 916\u2013922 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-015-0077-7","volume":"4","author":"JR Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith, J. R., Roberts, K. D. & Rybak, M. J. Dalbavancin: a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with extended activity against gram-positive infections. Infect. Dis. Ther. 4, 245\u2013258 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"150_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq031","volume":"52","author":"E Rubinstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rubinstein, E. et al. Telavancin versus vancomycin for hospital-acquired pneumonia due to gram-positive pathogens. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52, 31\u201340 (2011).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00313","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00313-18","volume":"62","author":"M Castanheira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castanheira, M. et al. Activity of plazomicin against gram-negative and gram-positive isolates collected from U. S. hospitals and comparative activities of aminoglycosides against carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae and isolates carrying carbapenemase genes. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 62, e00313-18 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-019-0239-0","author":"JC Abdul-Mutakabbir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdul-Mutakabbir, J. C., Kebriaei, R., Jorgensen, S. C. J. & Rybak, M. J. Teaching an old class new tricks: a novel semi-synthetic aminoglycoside, plazomicin. Infect. Dis. Ther. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0239-0\n                    \n                   (2019).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Ther."},{"key":"150_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01989","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01989-17","volume":"62","author":"LE Connolly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Connolly, L. E., Riddle, V., Cebrik, D., Armstrong, E. S. & Miller, L. G. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, phase 2 study of the efficacy and safety of plazomicin compared with levofloxacin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection and acute pyelonephritis. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 62, e01989-17 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-016-0545-8","volume":"76","author":"GG Zhanel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhanel, G. G. et al. Review of eravacycline, a novel fluorocycline antibacterial agent. Drugs 76, 567\u2013588 (2016).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"150_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2016.73","volume":"69","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Lin, X. & Bush, K. In vitro susceptibility of \u03b2-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) to eravacycline. J. Antibiot. 69, 600\u2013604 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Antibiot."},{"key":"150_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4237","volume":"152","author":"J Solomkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomkin, J. et al. Assessing the efficacy and safety of eravacycline versus ertapenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections in the Investigating Gram-Negative Infections Treated With Eravacycline (IGNITE 1) trial: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 152, 224\u2013232 (2017).","journal-title":"JAMA Surg."},{"key":"150_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy165","volume":"67","author":"W O\u2019Riordan","year":"2018","unstructured":"O\u2019Riordan, W. et al. A comparison of the efficacy and safety of intravenous followed by oral delafloxacin with vancomycin plus aztreonam for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections: a phase 3, multinational, double-blind, randomized study. Clin.\u00a0Infect. Dis. 67, 657\u2013666 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR125","first-page":"1","volume":"50","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2001","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for preventing transmission of infections among chronic hemodialysis patients. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 50, 1\u201343 (2001).","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"150_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12113","volume":"26","author":"AD Coulliette","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coulliette, A. D. & Arduino, M. J. Hemodialysis and water quality. Semin. Dial. 26, 427\u2013438 (2013).","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"150_CR127","first-page":"667","volume":"36","author":"JL Merino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merino, J. L. et al. Serratia marcescens bacteraemia outbreak in haemodialysis patients with tunnelled catheters due to colonisation of antiseptic solution. Experience at 4 hospitals. Nefrologia 36, 667\u2013673 (2016).","journal-title":"Experience at 4 hospitals. Nefrologia"},{"key":"150_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.09.022","volume":"69","author":"C Edens","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edens, C. et al. Hemodialyzer reuse and gram-negative bloodstream infections. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 69, 726\u2013733 (2017).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"150_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1086\/676862","volume":"35","author":"P Tr\u00e9panier","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tr\u00e9panier, P. et al. Survey of infection control practices in hemodialysis units: preventing vascular access-associated bloodstream infections. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 35, 833\u2013838 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.55","volume":"36","author":"CE Chenoweth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chenoweth, C. E. et al. Variation in infection prevention practices in dialysis facilities: results from the national opportunity to improve infection control in ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease) project. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 36, 802\u2013806 (2015).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.03.011","volume":"62","author":"PR Patel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patel, P. R. et al. Bloodstream infection rates in outpatient hemodialysis facilities participating in a collaborative prevention effort: a quality improvement report. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 62, 322\u2013330 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"150_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.22","volume":"37","author":"SH Yi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yi, S. H. et al. Sustained infection reduction in outpatient hemodialysis centers participating in a collaborative bloodstream infection prevention effort. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 37, 863\u2013866 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.05.016","volume":"42","author":"VR Lewis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lewis, V. R., Clark, L., Benda, N. & Hardwick, M. J. Reducing healthcare-associated infections in an ambulatory dialysis unit: identification and alignment of work system factors. Am. J. Infect. Control 42, S284\u2013290 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"150_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.034","volume":"44","author":"GM Snyder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snyder, G. M. et al. Factors associated with the receipt of antimicrobials among chronic hemodialysis patients. Am. J. Infect. Control 44, 1269\u20131274 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"150_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-139X.2012.01069.x","volume":"25","author":"JA Vassalotti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vassalotti, J. A. et al. Fistula first breakthrough initiative: targeting catheter last in fistula first. Semin. Dial. 25, 303\u2013310 (2012).","journal-title":"Semin. Dial."},{"key":"150_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1086\/676535","volume":"35","author":"E Septimus","year":"2014","unstructured":"Septimus, E., Weinstein, R. A., Perl, T. M., Goldmann,\u00a0D. A. & Yokoe, D. S. Approaches for preventing healthcare-associated infections: go long or go wide? Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 35, 797\u2013801 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1086\/669869","volume":"34","author":"GM Snyder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Snyder, G. M. et al. Antimicrobial use in outpatient hemodialysis units. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 34, 349\u2013357 (2013).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0575-9","volume":"18","author":"K Hui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hui, K. et al. Patterns of use and appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed to patients receiving haemodialysis: an observational study. BMC Nephrol. 18, 156 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1086\/599172","volume":"35","author":"B Wagner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wagner, B. et al. Antimicrobial stewardship programs in inpatient hospital settings: a systematic review. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 35, 1209\u20131228 (2014).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.12521117","volume":"13","author":"EMC D\u2019Agata","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Agata, E. M. C., Tran, D., Bautista, J., Shemin, D. &\u00a0Grima, D. Clinical and economic benefits of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hemodialysis facilities: a decision analytic model. Clin. J. Am. Soc.\u00a0Nephrol. 13, 1389\u20131397 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw118","volume":"62","author":"TF Barlam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barlam, T. F. et al. Implementing an antibiotic stewardship program: guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 62, e51\u2013e77 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000281","volume":"25","author":"CB Cunha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cunha, C. B. & D\u2019Agata, E. M. Implementing an antimicrobial stewardship program in out-patient dialysis units. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 25, 551\u2013555 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens."},{"key":"150_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0329-0","volume":"17","author":"C Grothe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Grothe, C., Taminato, M., Belasco, A., Sesso, R. & Barbosa, D. Prophylactic treatment of chronic renal disease in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis and colonized by Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 17, 115 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-202","volume":"15","author":"C Grothe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grothe, C., Taminato, M., Belasco, A., Sesso, R. & Barbosa, D. Screening and treatment for Staphylococcus aureus in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Nephrol. 15, 202 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol."},{"key":"150_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.2307\/30141176","volume":"17","author":"MA Miller","year":"1996","unstructured":"Miller, M. A., Dascal, A., Portnoy, J. & Mendelson, J. Development of mupirocin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after widespread use of nasal mupirocin ointment. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 17, 811\u2013813 (1996).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1086\/663206","volume":"33","author":"L Saidel-Odes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saidel-Odes, L. et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of selective digestive decontamination using oral gentamicin and oral polymyxin E for eradication of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 33, 14\u201319 (2012).","journal-title":"Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol."},{"key":"150_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02634-12","volume":"57","author":"T Halaby","year":"2013","unstructured":"Halaby, T., Al Naiemi, N., Kluytmans, J., van der Palen, J. & Vandenbroucke-Grauls, C. M. Emergence of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae after the introduction of selective digestive tract decontamination in an intensive care unit. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 57, 3224\u20133229 (2013).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1225-0","volume":"15","author":"S Rieg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rieg, S. et al. Intestinal decolonization of Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL): a retrospective observational study in patients at risk for infection and a brief review of the literature. BMC Infect. Dis. 15, 475 (2015).","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00466-1","volume":"16","author":"L Czaplewski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Czaplewski, L. et al. Alternatives to antibiotics-a pipeline portfolio review. Lancet Infect. Dis. 16, 239\u2013251 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.3390\/v10060310","volume":"10","author":"VA Fischetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fischetti, V. A. Development of phage lysins as novel therapeutics: a historical perspective. Viruses 10, 310 (2018).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"150_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02212","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02212-17","volume":"62","author":"B Corsini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Corsini, B. et al. Chemotherapy with phage lysins reduces pneumococcal colonization of the respiratory tract. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 62, e02212-17 (2018).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4107","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.061038398","volume":"98","author":"D Nelson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nelson, D., Loomis, L. & Fischetti, V. A. Prevention and elimination of upper respiratory colonization of mice by group A streptococci by using a bacteriophage lytic enzyme. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4107\u20134112 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"150_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050244","volume":"10","author":"M Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng, M. et al. An ointment consisting of the phage lysin LysGH15 and apigenin for decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from skin wounds. Viruses 10, 244 (2018).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"150_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit637","volume":"209","author":"R Schuch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schuch, R. et al. Combination therapy with lysin CF-301 and antibiotic is superior to antibiotic alone for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced murine bacteremia. J. Infect. Dis. 209, 1469\u20131478 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04641-14","volume":"59","author":"R Lood","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lood, R. et al. Novel phage lysin capable of killing the multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterium Acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse bacteremia model. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59, 1983\u20131991 (2015).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"150_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18634","volume":"535","author":"A Zipperer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zipperer, A. et al. Human commensals producing a novel antibiotic impair pathogen colonization. Nature 535, 511\u2013516 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"150_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00787","volume":"9","author":"D Xu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xu, D. et al. Bioprospecting deep-sea actinobacteria for novel anti-infective natural products. Front. Microbiol. 9, 787 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"150_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1401914","volume":"371","author":"A von Gottberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"von Gottberg, A. et al. Effects of vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 1889\u20131899 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"150_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix446","volume":"65","author":"MR Schroeder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schroeder, M. R. et al. A population-based assessment of the impact of 7-and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on macrolide-resistant invasive pneumococcal disease: emergence and decline of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A (CC320) with dual macrolide resistance mechanisms. Clin.\u00a0Infect. Dis. 65, 990\u2013998 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-017-08323-0","volume":"552","author":"R Rappuoli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rappuoli, R., Bloom, D. E. & Black, S. Deploy vaccines to fight superbugs. Nature 552, 165\u2013167 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"150_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.34414","volume":"11","author":"A Fattom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fattom, A. et al. Efficacy profile of a bivalent Staphylococcus aureus glycoconjugated vaccine in adults on hemodialysis: phase III randomized study. Hum. Vaccin. Immunother. 11, 632\u2013641 (2015).","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccin. Immunother."},{"key":"150_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00034-12","volume":"19","author":"M Moustafa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moustafa, M. et al. Phase IIa study of the immunogenicity and safety of the novel Staphylococcus aureus vaccine V710 in adults with end-stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis. Clin.\u00a0Vaccine Immunol. 19, 1509\u20131516 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"150_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.3010","volume":"309","author":"VG Fowler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fowler, V. G. et al. Effect of an investigational vaccine for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections after cardiothoracic surgery: a randomized trial. JAMA 309, 1368\u20131378 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"150_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.01.024","volume":"35","author":"E Begier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Begier, E. et al. SA4Ag, a 4-antigen Staphylococcus aureus vaccine, rapidly induces high levels of bacteria-killing antibodies. Vaccine 35, 1132\u20131139 (2017).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"150_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.10.038","volume":"30","author":"CS Schmidt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schmidt, C. S. et al. NDV-3, a recombinant alum-adjuvanted vaccine for Candida and Staphylococcus aureus, is safe and immunogenic in healthy adults. Vaccine 30, 7594\u20137600 (2012).","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"150_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy185","volume":"66","author":"JE Edwards","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edwards, J. E. et al. A fungal immunotherapeutic vaccine (NDV-3A) for treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis-a phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin. Infect. Dis. 66, 1928\u20131936 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00049-16","volume":"30","author":"LE Hudson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hudson, L. E., Anderson, S. E., Corbett, A. H. & Lamb,\u00a0T. J. Gleaning insights from fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic studies for the rational design of combination microbial therapies. Clin.\u00a0Microbiol. Rev. 30, 191\u2013231 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"150_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw185","volume":"62","author":"B Millan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Millan, B. et al. Fecal microbial transplants reduce antibiotic-resistant genes in patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 62, 1479\u20131486 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw390","volume":"63","author":"H Jouhten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jouhten, H., Mattila, E., Arkkila, P. & Satokari, R. Reduction of antibiotic resistance genes in intestinal microbiota of patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection after fecal microbiota transplantation. Clin. Infect. Dis. 63, 710\u2013711 (2016).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix821","volume":"66","author":"V Leung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leung, V., Vincent, C., Edens, T. J., Miller, M. & Manges, A. R. Antimicrobial resistance gene acquisition and depletion following fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Clin. Infect. Dis. 66, 456\u2013457 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2016.1177199","volume":"48","author":"AR Manges","year":"2016","unstructured":"Manges, A. R., Steiner, T. S. & Wright, A. J. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the intestinal decolonization of extensively antimicrobial-resistant opportunistic pathogens: a review. Infect. Dis. (Lond.) 48, 587\u2013592 (2016).","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (Lond.)"},{"key":"150_CR172","volume":"11","author":"R Singh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh, R. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation against intestinal colonization by extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae: a proof of principle study. BMC Res. Notes 11, 190 (2018).","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"150_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix252","volume":"65","author":"J Bilinski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bilinski, J. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with blood disorders inhibits gut colonization with antibiotic-resistant bacteria: results of a prospective, single-center study. Clin. Infect. Dis. 65, 364\u2013370 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"150_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf3552","volume":"353","author":"KJ Rangan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rangan, K. J. et al. A secreted bacterial peptidoglycan hydrolase enhances tolerance to enteric pathogens. Science 353, 1434\u20131437 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41581-019-0150-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41581-019-0150-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41581-019-0150-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T22:08:27Z","timestamp":1684620507000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41581-019-0150-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"references-count":174,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]}},"alternative-id":["150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0150-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-5061","1759-507X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-5061","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-507X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 May 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}