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W.S.G. has received research funding from Merck, Sharpe & Dohme, and Astellas Pharmaceuticals. and serves on the scientific advisory boards of Empress Therapeutics, Freya Biosciences, Sail Biosciences and Seres Therapeutics. S.L.H. is a co-inventor on patents relating to diagnostics and therapeutics with a right to receive royalty payments for inventions or discoveries related to diagnostics or therapeutics from Cleveland Heart Lab, a fully owned subsidiary of Quest Diagnostics, and is a consultant for and receives research funds from Zehna Therapeutics. A. Babiker has served on a clinical advisory board for Beckman Coulter. M.A.F. is a co-founder of Kelonia and Revolution Medicines, a co-founder and director of Azalea Therapeutics, a member of the scientific advisory boards of the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, NGM Biopharmaceuticals and TCG Labs\/Soleil Labs, and an innovation partner at The Column Group. C.H. serves on the scientific advisory committee for Seres Therapeutics and Empress Therapeutics. K.K.-Z. has received honoraria from Fresenius Kabi. R.K. is a scientific advisory board member and consultant for BiomeSense, Inc., through which he has equity and receives income, is a scientific advisory board member and has equity in GenCirq, is a consultant for and receives income from DayTwo, has equity in and acts as a consultant for Cybele, is a co-founder of and has equity in Biota, Inc., and is a cofounder and scientific advisory board member of and has equity in Micronoma; the terms of these arrangements have been reviewed and approved by the University of California, San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. A.W.M. has received funding from Coloplast and is a scientific advisory board member for the Oxalosis and Hyperoxaluria Foundation. H.R. is a scientific advisory board member for Renibus Therapeutics and Rapafusyn Pharmaceuticals. W.H.W.T. serves as consultant for Sequana Medical, Cardiol Therapeutics, Genomics plc, Zehna Therapeutics, WhiteSwell, Boston Scientific, CardiaTec Biosciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, Alleviant Medical, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Salubris Biotherapeutics and BioCardia, and has received honoraria from Springer, Belvoir Media Group and the American Board of Internal Medicine. A.W.W. has a research grant from ZOE, Ltd. and consults for EnteroBiotix, Ltd. M.R.R. has received research funding from Merck and Lilly, and is a founder of Symberix, Inc. N.W. received speaker honoraria from Novartis and Bayer. G.D.W. is an advisory board member for Danone and BioCodex and receives research support from Intercept Pharmaceuticals. A.L.A. has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Inc., holds stock options in Watershed Medical and serves on advisory boards for GlaxoSmithKline and Desert Harvest. M.M.R. has received research funding from Novo Nordisk A\/S, Copenhagen. H.A.H. is the co-founder, president and Chief Scientific Officer of Oxalo Therapeutics, and is a scientific advisory council member of Oxalosis and the Hyperoxaluria Foundation. A. Biruete has received honoraria from Ardelyx, FMC North America, Dialysis Clinic Inc. and the National Kidney Foundation, and is part of the NextGen Scientist Cohort of the National Dairy Council. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}