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L.F.B. receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health\/National Institute of Nursing Research and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. P.A.C. is a principal investigator on grants to Johns Hopkins University from Genentech and Principia and has received consulting fees from Avidea, Biogen, Disarm and Nerveda. J.C. has received financial compensation for academic presentations, attended advisory boards, research programmes, and assistance for travel to congresses from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Gador, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Raffo, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme. P.L.D.J. is on the advisory board for Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme and Roche, and has sponsored research agreements with Biogen and Roche. C. Gasperi receives research support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft, DFG), the Hans and Klementia Langmatz Stiftung and the Hertie Foundation. C. Greenbaum has served on an advisory board for Merck, receives funding for investigator-initiated trials from Bristol Myers Squibb and Janssen, and serves as Principal Investigator on clinical trials sponsored by Intrexon, Pfizer and ProventionBio. A.H. is an employee of the Multiple Sclerosis International Federation, which receives income from a range of corporate sponsors, recently including Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi. B.H. has served on scientific advisory boards for Novartis and as Data Safety Monitoring Committee member for AllergyCare, Polpharma and TG Therapeutics. He and his institution have received speaker honoraria from Desitin. His institution has received\u00a0research grants from Regeneron for multiple sclerosis research. He holds part of two patents: one for the detection of antibodies against KIR4.1 in a subpopulation of patients with multiple sclerosis and one for genetic determinants of neutralizing antibodies to interferon. C.L.-F. has participated in expert advisory boards for Genzyme, Novartis and Roche. Speaker honoraria are either declined or donated to the University Hospital Radiologically Isolated Syndrome Research Unit, University Cote d\u2019Azur, Nice, France. N.M. is funded by NIH\/NINDS (grant number K23NS101099) and the Charles H. Hood Foundation. K.L.M. has received personal compensation for serving on a scientific advisory board for Biogen. D.T.O. has received personal compensation for consulting and advisory services from Biogen, Celgene, EMD Serono, Genzyme, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Osmotica and Viela Bio, and has received research support from Biogen. D.T.O. also has issued and pending patents and has received royalties related to licensed intellectual property. D.O. receives research support from Genentech, Genzyme, National Institutes of Health, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Novartis, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, and Race to Erase MS Foundation. He has received consulting fees from Biogen Idec, Genentech\/Roche, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck and Novartis. R.B.P. has received grants and personal fees from Fonds de la Recherche en Sante and Roche; grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the National Institute of Health, the Parkinson Society of Canada, the Webster Foundation and the Weston-Garfield Foundation; and personal fees from Abbvie, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, GE HealthCare, Inception Sciences, Jansen, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Otsuko, Paladin, Phytopharmics, Takeda, Teva Neurosciences, and Theranexus. J.A.Q. receives research funding from the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. S.R. serves on the Patient Editorial Board for the <i>Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry<\/i>, and University of British Columbia BC Brain Wellness Program Participant Advisory Committee. S.S. has received consulting fees from Medical Logix for the development of Continuing Medical Education programmes in neurology and has served as a consultant for Biogen, Bristol Meyers Squibb, Genentech Novartis and TG Therapeutics. He is the Principal Investigator of investigator-initiated studies funded by Biogen and Genentech, was the site investigator of a trial sponsored by MedDay Pharmaceuticals, and has received support from the Race to Erase MS Foundation. He has received equity compensation for consulting from JuneBrain LLC. M.P.S. has received personal fees from Biogen, Celgene, Geneuro, GlaxoSmithKline, Immunic, Medday, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi. J.S. is the host of the RealTalk MS podcast. He has received sponsorship fees from Bristol Myers Squibb, EMD Serono, Janssen Pharmaceuticals and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. He has received travel expenses from the Accelerated Cure Project, EMD Serono, the National Multiple Sclerosis Society and the International Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Alliance. He has received speaking honoraria from EMD Serono, the European Multiple Sclerosis Platform and Novartis. He has received consulting fees from Merck. He is currently co-Principal Investigator on research conducted through iConquer MS and underwritten by EMD Serono. H.T. is the Canada Research Chair for Neuroepidemiology and Multiple Sclerosis. Current research support is received from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society. In addition, in the past 5 years, she has received research support from the UK Multiple Sclerosis Trust; travel expenses to present at Continuing Medical Education conferences from the Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, the American Academy of Neurology, the Consortium of MS Centres (2018), the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis and the National MS Society. Speaker honoraria are either declined or donated to a multiple sclerosis charity or to an unrestricted grant for use by H.T.\u2019s research group. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}