{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:49:53Z","timestamp":1792457393226,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":144,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1679961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-023-00792-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]],"date-time":"2023-03-28T05:04:04Z","timestamp":1679979844000},"page":"278-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["The role of astrocytic \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Alzheimer disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2640-2644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor C.","family":"Fontana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7669-0712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7345-5151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agneta","family":"Nordberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"792_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(76)91936-X","volume":"2","author":"P Davies","year":"1976","unstructured":"Davies, P. & Maloney, A. J. Selective loss of central cholinergic neurons in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet 2, 1403 (1976).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"792_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(77)90073-9","volume":"34","author":"EK Perry","year":"1977","unstructured":"Perry, E. K., Gibson, P. H., Blessed, G., Perry, R. H. & Tomlinson, B. E. Neurotransmitter enzyme abnormalities in senile dementia. Choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities in necropsy brain tissue. J. Neurol. Sci. 34, 247\u2013265 (1977).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"792_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2220","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011832","volume":"96","author":"H Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, H. et al. Long-term effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on cognitive decline and mortality. Neurology 96, e2220\u2013e2230 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"792_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12753","volume":"48","author":"L Viejo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Viejo, L. et al. Systematic review of human post-mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol. 48, e12753 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"792_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(85)80063-1","volume":"8","author":"LF Eng","year":"1985","unstructured":"Eng, L. F. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP): the major protein of glial intermediate filaments in differentiated astrocytes. J. Neuroimmunol. 8, 203\u2013214 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"792_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/5225","volume":"17","author":"DK Hanzel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hanzel, D. K., Trojanowski, J. Q., Johnston, R. F. & Loring, J. F. High-throughput quantitative histological analysis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology using a confocal digital microscanner. Nat. Biotechnol. 17, 53\u201357 (1999).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"792_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.05.047","volume":"179","author":"A Serrano-Pozo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Serrano-Pozo, A. et al. Reactive glia not only associates with plaques but also parallels tangles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Am. J. Pathol. 179, 1373\u20131384 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"792_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01716-2","volume":"27","author":"JP Ferrari-Souza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ferrari-Souza, J. P. et al. Astrocyte biomarker signatures of amyloid-\u03b2 and tau pathologies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Psychiatry 27, 4781\u20134789 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"792_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-020-0624-8","volume":"23","author":"N Habib","year":"2020","unstructured":"Habib, N. et al. Disease-associated astrocytes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and aging. Nat. Neurosci. 23, 701\u2013706 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01101-5","volume":"26","author":"A Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, A. et al. Astroglial tracer BU99008 detects multiple binding sites in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain. Mol. Psychiatry 26, 5833\u20135847 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"792_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2022.03.008","volume":"110","author":"JS Sadick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadick, J. S. et al. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes undergo subtype-specific transcriptional changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron 110, 1788\u20131805.e10 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"792_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3258","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3258","volume":"88","author":"C Gotti","year":"1991","unstructured":"Gotti, C. et al. Purification and characterization of an alpha-bungarotoxin receptor that forms a functional nicotinic channel. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3258\u20133262 (1991).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"792_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2021.11.006","volume":"45","author":"AC Letsinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Letsinger, A. C., Gu, Z. & Yakel, J. L. \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the hippocampal circuit: taming complexity. Trends Neurosci. 45, 145\u2013157 (2022).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90386-G","volume":"50","author":"C Gotti","year":"1992","unstructured":"Gotti, C. et al. A functional \u03b1-bungarotoxin receptor is present in chick cerebellum: purification and characterization. Neuroscience 50, 117\u2013127 (1992).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"792_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00208-4","volume":"113","author":"EX Albuquerque","year":"2000","unstructured":"Albuquerque, E. X. et al. Neuronal nicotinic receptors in synaptic functions in humans and rats: physiological and clinical relevance. Behav. Brain Res. 113, 131\u2013141 (2000).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR16","first-page":"1026","volume":"284","author":"EM Meyer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Meyer, E. M. et al. Neuroprotective and memory-related actions of novel alpha-7 nicotinic agents with different mixed agonist\/antagonist properties. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 284, 1026\u20131032 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"792_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00643-8","volume":"70","author":"JH Bettany","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bettany, J. H. & Levin, E. D. Ventral hippocampal \u03b17 nicotinic receptor blockade and chronic nicotine effects on memory performance in the radial-arm maze. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 70, 467\u2013474 (2001).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"792_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430300408","volume":"30","author":"L Doucette-Stamm","year":"1993","unstructured":"Doucette-Stamm, L. et al. Cloning and sequence of the human \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Drug Dev. Res. 30, 252\u2013256 (1993).","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"792_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(99)00030-3","volume":"66","author":"E Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl, E., Mousavi, M., Zhang, X., Ravid, R. & Nordberg, A. Regional distribution of nicotinic receptor subunit mRNAs in human brain: comparison between Alzheimer and normal brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 66, 94\u2013103 (1999).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.02.049","volume":"184","author":"CM Noviello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Noviello, C. M. et al. Structure and gating mechanism of the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Cell 184, 2121\u20132134.e13 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"792_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00550.x","volume":"6","author":"F Rubboli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rubboli, F. et al. Distribution of nicotinic receptors in the human hippocampus and thalamus. Eur. J. Neurosci. 6, 1596\u20131604 (1994).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(03)00063-4","volume":"142","author":"L Falk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Falk, L., Nordberg, A., Seiger, A., Kjaeldgaard, A. & Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl, E. Higher expression of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human fetal compared to adult brain. Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res. 142, 151\u2013160 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.114.093377","volume":"86","author":"M Moretti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moretti, M. et al. The novel \u03b17\u03b22-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtype is expressed in mouse and human basal forebrain: biochemical and pharmacological characterization. Mol. Pharmacol. 86, 306\u2013317 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"792_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2016.03.005","volume":"37","author":"J Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu, J. et al. Heteromeric \u03b17\u03b22 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 37, 562\u2013574 (2016).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"792_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40180","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.142356","volume":"285","author":"K Takata","year":"2010","unstructured":"Takata, K. et al. Galantamine-induced amyloid-\u03b2 clearance mediated via stimulation of microglial nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 40180\u201340191 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"792_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(02)00100-X","volume":"25","author":"AJ Graham","year":"2003","unstructured":"Graham, A. J. et al. Differential nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit expression in the human hippocampus. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 25, 97\u2013113 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"792_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4148","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.071540198","volume":"98","author":"G Sharma","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sharma, G. & Vijayaraghavan, S. Nicotinic cholinergic signaling in hippocampal astrocytes involves calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular stores. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 4148\u20134153 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"792_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9719-3","volume":"48","author":"JX Shen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shen, J. X. & Yakel, J. L. Functional \u03b17 nicotinic ACh receptors on astrocytes in rat hippocampal CA1 slices. J. Mol. Neurosci. 48, 14\u201321 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(02)00223-3","volume":"113","author":"A Graham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Graham, A. et al. Immunohistochemical localisation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in human cerebellum. Neuroscience 113, 493\u2013507 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"792_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10132","volume":"41","author":"T Teaktong","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teaktong, T. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease is associated with a selective increase in \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunoreactivity in astrocytes. Glia 41, 207\u2013211 (2003).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"792_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2004.12.015","volume":"192","author":"WF Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu, W. F., Guan, Z. Z., Bogdanovic, N. & Nordberg, A. High selective expression of \u03b17 nicotinic receptors on astrocytes in the brains of patients with sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease and patients carrying Swedish APP 670\/671 mutation: a possible association with neuritic plaques. Exp. Neurol. 192, 215\u2013225 (2005).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"792_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00168-8","volume":"21","author":"RT Rei","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rei, R. T., Sabbagh, M. N., Corey-Bloom, J., Tiraboschi, P. & Thal, L. J. Nicotinic receptor losses in dementia with Lewy bodies: comparisons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 21, 741\u2013746 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"792_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1006\/nbdi.2000.0317","volume":"7","author":"C Banerjee","year":"2000","unstructured":"Banerjee, C. et al. Cellular expression of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein in the temporal cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2013a stereological approach. Neurobiol. Dis. 7, 666\u2013672 (2000).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"792_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.1999.00676.x","volume":"11","author":"A Wevers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wevers, A. et al. Expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits in the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: histotopographical correlation with amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated-tau protein. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 2551\u20132565 (1999).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000082661","volume":"19","author":"LW Chu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chu, L. W., Ma, E. S., Lam, K. K., Chan, M. F. & Lee, D. H. Increased alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein levels in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 19, 106\u2013112 (2005).","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"792_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.06.015","volume":"225","author":"T Teaktong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teaktong, T. et al. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor immunohistochemistry in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: differential neuronal and astroglial pathology. J. Neurol. Sci. 225, 39\u201349 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"792_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(01)00460-2","volume":"110","author":"RG Nagele","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nagele, R. G., D\u2019Andrea, M. R., Anderson, W. J. & Wang, H. Y. Intracellular accumulation of \u03b2-amyloid1-42 in neurons is facilitated by the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuroscience 110, 199\u2013211 (2002).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"792_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq349","volume":"134","author":"A Kadir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kadir, A. et al. Positron emission tomography imaging and clinical progression in relation to molecular pathology in the first Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography patient with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 134, 301\u2013317 (2011).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"792_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101242","volume":"23","author":"AM Lilja","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lilja, A. M., Porras, O., Storelli, E., Nordberg, A. & Marutle, A. Functional interactions of fibrillar and oligomeric amyloid-\u03b2 with alpha7 nicotinic receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 23, 335\u2013347 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"792_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.46","volume":"66","author":"MD Ikonomovic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ikonomovic, M. D. et al. Cortical \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and \u03b2-amyloid levels in early Alzheimer disease. Arch. Neurol. 66, 646\u2013651 (2009).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"792_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-121447","volume":"33","author":"R Ni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ni, R., Marutle, A. & Nordberg, A. Modulation of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and fibrillar amyloid-\u03b2 interactions in Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain. J. Alzheimers Dis. 33, 841\u2013851 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"792_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.8.5626","volume":"275","author":"HY Wang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wang, H. Y. et al. \u03b2-Amyloid1-42 binds to \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with high affinity. Implications for Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 5626\u20135632 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"792_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02361-8","volume":"971","author":"RG Nagele","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nagele, R. G., D\u2019Andrea, M. R., Lee, H., Venkataraman, V. & Wang, H. Y. Astrocytes accumulate A\u03b242 and give rise to astrocytic amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease brains. Brain Res. 971, 197\u2013209 (2003).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR44","first-page":"1367","volume":"52","author":"DL Herber","year":"2004","unstructured":"Herber, D. L., Severance, E. G., Cuevas, J., Morgan, D. & Gordon, M. N. Biochemical and histochemical evidence of nonspecific binding of \u03b17nAChR antibodies to mouse brain tissue. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 52, 1367\u20131376 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"792_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.12.051","volume":"178","author":"JD Sokolowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sokolowski, J. D. & Mandell, J. W. Phagocytic clearance in neurodegeneration. Am. J. Pathol. 178, 1416\u20131428 (2011).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"792_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.110.087031","volume":"53","author":"SF Carter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Carter, S. F. et al. Evidence for astrocytosis in prodromal Alzheimer disease provided by 11C-deuterium-L-deprenyl: a multitracer PET paradigm combining 11C-Pittsburgh compound B and 18F-FDG. J. Nucl. Med. 53, 37\u201346 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv404","volume":"139","author":"E Rodriguez-Vieitez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. et al. Diverging longitudinal changes in astrocytosis and amyloid PET in autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 139, 922\u2013936 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"792_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16404","volume":"5","author":"M Scholl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scholl, M. et al. Early astrocytosis in autosomal dominant Alzheimer\u2019s disease measured in vivo by multi-tracer positron emission tomography. Sci. Rep. 5, 16404 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"792_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00913-5","volume":"22","author":"Y Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, Y. et al. Microglia use TAM receptors to detect and engulf amyloid \u03b2 plaques. Nat. Immunol. 22, 586\u2013594 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"792_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5038-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"CM Hernandez","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hernandez, C. M., Kayed, R., Zheng, H., Sweatt, J. D. & Dineley, K. T. Loss of \u03b17 nicotinic receptors enhances \u03b2-amyloid oligomer accumulation, exacerbating early-stage cognitive decline and septohippocampal pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurosci. 30, 2442\u20132453 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.102154","volume":"206","author":"MR Tropea","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tropea, M. R. et al. Genetic deletion of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induces an age-dependent Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathology. Prog. Neurobiol. 206, 102154 (2021).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"792_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00949-8","volume":"24","author":"K Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Fear learning induces \u03b17-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated astrocytic responsiveness that is required for memory persistence. Nat. Neurosci. 24, 1686\u20131698 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111280","volume":"40","author":"D Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah, D. et al. Astrocyte calcium dysfunction causes early network hyperactivity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Rep. 40, 111280 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"792_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89139-x","volume":"11","author":"C D\u2019Angelo","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u2019Angelo, C. et al. nAChRs gene expression and neuroinflammation in APPswe\/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse. Sci. Rep. 11, 9711 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"792_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2002.1112","volume":"20","author":"I Bednar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bednar, I. et al. Selective nicotinic receptor consequences in APP(SWE) transgenic mice. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 20, 354\u2013365 (2002).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-015-3047-0","volume":"42","author":"E Rodriguez-Vieitez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Vieitez, E. et al. Astrocytosis precedes amyloid plaque deposition in Alzheimer APPswe transgenic mouse brain: a correlative positron emission tomography and in vitro imaging study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 42, 1119\u20131132 (2015).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"792_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15030","volume":"155","author":"IC Fontana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fontana, I. C. et al. Amyloid-\u03b2 oligomers in cellular models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurochem. 155, 348\u2013369 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4042-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"AY Abramov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abramov, A. Y., Canevari, L. & Duchen, M. R. \u03b2-Amyloid peptides induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes and death of neurons through activation of NADPH oxidase. J. Neurosci. 24, 565\u2013575 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.01.011","volume":"45","author":"AV Kamynina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kamynina, A. V., Holmstrom, K. M., Koroev, D. O., Volpina, O. M. & Abramov, A. Y. Acetylcholine and antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor protect neurons and astrocytes against beta-amyloid toxicity. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 45, 899\u2013907 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"792_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2518","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306832110","volume":"110","author":"M Talantova","year":"2013","unstructured":"Talantova, M. et al. A\u03b2 induces astrocytic glutamate release, extrasynaptic NMDA receptor activation, and synaptic loss. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, E2518\u2013E2527 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"792_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-130740","volume":"38","author":"L Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, L., Kosuri, P. & Arancio, O. Picomolar amyloid-\u03b2 peptides enhance spontaneous astrocyte calcium transients. J. Alzheimers Dis. 38, 49\u201362 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"792_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2005.04.023","volume":"47","author":"J Xiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Xiu, J., Nordberg, A., Zhang, J. T. & Guan, Z. Z. Expression of nicotinic receptors on primary cultures of rat astrocytes and up-regulation of the \u03b17, \u03b14 and \u03b22 subunits in response to nanomolar concentrations of the \u03b2-amyloid peptide1-42. Neurochem. Int. 47, 281\u2013290 (2005).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"792_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25056","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200066200","volume":"277","author":"KT Dineley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dineley, K. T., Bell, K. A., Bui, D. & Sweatt, J. D. \u03b2-Amyloid peptide activates \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 25056\u201325061 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"792_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00558-7","volume":"801","author":"A Marutle","year":"1998","unstructured":"Marutle, A., Warpman, U., Bogdanovic, N. & Nordberg, A. Regional distribution of subtypes of nicotinic receptors in human brain and effect of aging studied by (\u00b1)-[3H]epibatidine. Brain Res. 801, 143\u2013149 (1998).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1986.tb02861.x","volume":"47","author":"F Clementi","year":"1986","unstructured":"Clementi, F., Cabrini, D., Gotti, C. & Sher, E. Pharmacological characterization of cholinergic receptors in a human neuroblastoma cell line. J. Neurochem. 47, 291\u2013297 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR66","first-page":"1709","volume":"7","author":"Y Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Zhu, N., Wang, K., Zhang, Z. & Wang, Y. Identification of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on hippocampal astrocytes cultured in vitro and its role on inflammatory mediator secretion. Neural Regen. Res. 7, 1709\u20131714 (2012).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"792_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.08.038","volume":"553","author":"A Westerlund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Westerlund, A., Bjorklund, U., Ronnback, L. & Hansson, E. Long-term nicotine treatment suppresses IL-1\u03b2 release and attenuates substance P- and 5-HT-evoked Ca2+ responses in astrocytes. Neurosci. Lett. 553, 191\u2013195 (2013).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"792_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205015666181022093359","volume":"16","author":"Z Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren, Z., Yang, M., Guan, Z. & Yu, W. Astrocytic \u03b17 nicotinic receptor activation inhibits amyloid-\u03b2 aggregation by upregulating endogenous \u03b1B-crystallin through the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 16, 39\u201348 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"792_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.07.056","volume":"101","author":"SL Shammas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shammas, S. L. et al. Binding of the molecular chaperone \u03b1B-crystallin to A\u03b2 amyloid fibrils inhibits fibril elongation. Biophys. J. 101, 1681\u20131689 (2011).","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"key":"792_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03377.x","volume":"19","author":"E Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl, E. et al. Nicotine reduces A\u03b2 in the brain and cerebral vessels of APPsw mice. Eur. J. Neurosci. 19, 2703\u20132710 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.098566","volume":"317","author":"C Unger","year":"2006","unstructured":"Unger, C., Svedberg, M. M., Yu, W. F., Hedberg, M. M. & Nordberg, A. Effect of subchronic treatment of memantine, galantamine, and nicotine in the brain of Tg2576 (APPswe) transgenic mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 317, 30\u201336 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"792_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2005.04.009","volume":"28","author":"R Giniatullin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Giniatullin, R., Nistri, A. & Yakel, J. L. Desensitization of nicotinic ACh receptors: shaping cholinergic signaling. Trends Neurosci. 28, 371\u2013378 (2005).","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.10.006","volume":"130","author":"CM Hernandez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hernandez, C. M. & Terry, A. V. Jr. Repeated nicotine exposure in rats: effects on memory function, cholinergic markers and nerve growth factor. Neuroscience 130, 997\u20131012 (2005).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"792_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1021\/jm049363q","volume":"48","author":"AL Bodnar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bodnar, A. L. et al. Discovery and structure-activity relationship of quinuclidine benzamides as agonists of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J. Med. Chem. 48, 905\u2013908 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"792_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11132","volume":"22","author":"Z Ren","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ren, Z. et al. PNU282987 inhibits amyloid-\u03b2 aggregation by upregulating astrocytic endogenous \u03b1B-crystallin and HSP70 via regulation of the \u03b17AChR, PI3K\/Akt\/HSF1 signaling axis. Mol. Med. Rep. 22, 201\u2013208 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"792_CR76","volume":"28","author":"K Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, K., Xiang, J., Dong, Y. T., Xu, Y. & Guan, Z. Z. Activation of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by its selective agonist improved learning and memory of amyloid precursor protein\/presenilin 1 (APP\/PS1) mice via the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Med. Sci. Monit. 28, e933978 (2022).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"792_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2006.05.010","volume":"23","author":"T van Groen","year":"2006","unstructured":"van Groen, T., Kiliaan, A. J. & Kadish, I. Deposition of mouse amyloid \u03b2 in human APP\/PS1 double and single AD model transgenic mice. Neurobiol. Dis. 23, 653\u2013662 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"792_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.7400784","volume":"7","author":"R Radde","year":"2006","unstructured":"Radde, R. et al. A\u03b242-driven cerebral amyloidosis in transgenic mice reveals early and robust pathology. EMBO Rep. 7, 940\u2013946 (2006).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"792_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4169","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901999v","volume":"49","author":"HR Arias","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arias, H. R., Gu, R. X., Feuerbach, D. & Wei, D. Q. Different interaction between the agonist JN403 and the competitive antagonist methyllycaconitine with the human \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Biochemistry 49, 4169\u20134180 (2010).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"792_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370432","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/370432","volume":"2015","author":"AM Lilja","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lilja, A. M. et al. Neural stem cell transplant-induced effect on neurogenesis and cognition in Alzheimer Tg2576 mice is inhibited by concomitant treatment with amyloid-lowering or cholinergic \u03b17 nicotinic receptor drugs. Neural Plast. 2015, 370432 (2015).","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"792_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.10.009","volume":"165","author":"JM Coughlin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coughlin, J. M. et al. The distribution of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in healthy aging: an in vivo positron emission tomography study with [18F]ASEM. Neuroimage 165, 118\u2013124 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"792_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003231","volume":"3","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hashimoto, K. et al. [11C]CHIBA-1001 as a novel PET ligand for \u03b17 nicotinic receptors in the brain: a PET study in conscious monkeys. PLoS ONE 3, e3231 (2008).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"792_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21513","volume":"66","author":"M Ding","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ding, M. et al. [3H]Chiba-1001(methyl-SSR180711) has low in vitro binding affinity and poor in vivo selectivity to nicotinic alpha-7 receptor in rodent brain. Synapse 66, 315\u2013322 (2012).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"792_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s12149-009-0240-x","volume":"23","author":"J Toyohara","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toyohara, J. et al. Preclinical and the first clinical studies on [11C]CHIBA-1001 for mapping \u03b17 nicotinic receptors by positron emission tomography. Ann. Nucl. Med. 23, 301\u2013309 (2009).","journal-title":"Ann. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2009.11.007","volume":"37","author":"M Ogawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ogawa, M. et al. Synthesis and evaluation of new imaging agent for central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor \u03b17 subtype. Nucl. Med. Biol. 37, 347\u2013355 (2010).","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"792_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-011-1808-y","volume":"38","author":"W Deuther-Conrad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deuther-Conrad, W. et al. Assessment of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability in juvenile pig brain with [18F]NS10743. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 38, 1541\u20131549 (2011).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"792_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-008-1031-7","volume":"36","author":"W Deuther-Conrad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deuther-Conrad, W. et al. Molecular imaging of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: design and evaluation of the potent radioligand [18F]NS10743. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 36, 791\u2013800 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"792_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.088815","volume":"52","author":"A Ettrup","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ettrup, A. et al. 11C-NS14492 as a novel PET radioligand for imaging cerebral \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: in vivo evaluation and drug occupancy measurements. J. Nucl. Med. 52, 1449\u20131456 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23326","volume":"66","author":"L Colas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Colas, L. et al. In vivo imaging of A7 nicotinic receptors as a novel method to monitor neuroinflammation after cerebral ischemia. Glia 66, 1611\u20131624 (2018).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"792_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.03.024","volume":"61","author":"DL Maier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maier, D. L. et al. Pre-clinical validation of a novel alpha-7 nicotinic receptor radiotracer, [3H]AZ11637326: target localization, biodistribution and ligand occupancy in the rat brain. Neuropharmacology 61, 161\u2013171 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"792_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2013.04.005","volume":"40","author":"HT Ravert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ravert, H. T. et al. Radiochemical synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [18F]AZ11637326: an agonist probe for the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Nucl. Med. Biol. 40, 731\u2013739 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"792_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2012.11.013","volume":"40","author":"AG Horti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Horti, A. G. et al. Synthesis and evaluation of new radioligands [11C]A-833834 and [11C]A-752274 for positron-emission tomography of \u03b17-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nucl. Med. Biol. 40, 395\u2013402 (2013).","journal-title":"Nucl. Med. Biol."},{"key":"792_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2011.12.126","volume":"22","author":"MR Schrimpf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrimpf, M. R. et al. SAR of \u03b17 nicotinic receptor agonists derived from tilorone: exploration of a novel nicotinic pharmacophore. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 22, 1633\u20131638 (2012).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"792_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-017-3621-8","volume":"44","author":"AT Hillmer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hillmer, A. T. et al. PET imaging of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: a comparative study of [18F]ASEM and [18F]DBT-10 in nonhuman primates, and further evaluation of [18F]ASEM in humans. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 44, 1042\u20131050 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"792_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2018.03.081","volume":"28","author":"R Teodoro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teodoro, R. et al. Synthesis and radiofluorination of novel fluoren-9-one based derivatives for the imaging of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with PET. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 28, 1471\u20131475 (2018).","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"792_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18387","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules201018387","volume":"20","author":"R Teodoro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teodoro, R. et al. A promising PET tracer for imaging of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain: design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation of a dibenzothiophene-based radioligand. Molecules 20, 18387\u201318421 (2015).","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"792_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.113.132068","volume":"55","author":"AG Horti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Horti, A. G. et al. 18F-ASEM, a radiolabeled antagonist for imaging the \u03b17-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor with PET. J. Nucl. Med. 55, 672\u2013677 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-014-0779-3","volume":"16","author":"DF Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong, D. F. et al. Human brain imaging of \u03b17 nAChR with [18F]ASEM: a new PET radiotracer for neuropsychiatry and determination of drug occupancy. Mol. Imaging Biol. 16, 730\u2013738 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"792_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.118.213686","volume":"60","author":"J Coughlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coughlin, J. et al. The availability of the \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in recent-onset psychosis: a study using 18F-ASEM PET. J. Nucl. Med. 60, 241\u2013243 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.119.230979","volume":"61","author":"JM Coughlin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coughlin, J. M. et al. High availability of the \u03b17-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in brains of individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot study using 18F-ASEM PET. J. Nucl. Med. 61, 423\u2013426 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyy021","volume":"21","author":"DF Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong, D. F. et al. Brain PET imaging of \u03b17-nAChR with [18F]ASEM: reproducibility, occupancy, receptor density, and changes in schizophrenia. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 21, 656\u2013667 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol."},{"key":"792_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.12.008","volume":"30","author":"EM Mitsis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitsis, E. M. et al. Age-related decline in nicotinic receptor availability with [123I]5-IA-85380 SPECT. Neurobiol. Aging 30, 1490\u20131497 (2009).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"792_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(99)00295-X","volume":"94","author":"W Sihver","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sihver, W., Gillberg, P. G., Svensson, A. L. & Nordberg, A. Autoradiographic comparison of [3H](\u2212)nicotine, [3H]cytisine and [3H]epibatidine binding in relation to vesicular acetylcholine transport sites in the temporal cortex in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuroscience 94, 685\u2013696 (1999).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"792_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3942","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA10435C","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, Y. et al. In silico studies of ASEM analogues targeting \u03b17-nAChR and experimental verification. RSC Adv. 11, 3942\u20133951 (2021).","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"792_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00730","volume":"13","author":"S Nag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nag, S. et al. Development of 11C-labeled ASEM analogues for the detection of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (\u03b17-nAChR). ACS Chem. Neurosci. 13, 352\u2013362 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15565","volume":"164","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Fontana, I. C. & Nordberg, A. Reactive astrogliosis: a friend or foe in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurochem. 164, 309\u2013324 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13550-017-0301-4","volume":"7","author":"R Arakawa","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arakawa, R. et al. Test\u2013retest reproducibility of [11C]-l-deprenyl-D2 binding to MAO-B in the human brain. EJNMMI Res. 7, 54 (2017).","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"key":"792_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-201344","volume":"80","author":"R Ni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ni, R. et al. In vitro characterization of the regional binding distribution of amyloid PET tracer florbetaben and the glia tracers deprenyl and PK11195 in autopsy Alzheimer\u2019s brain tissue. J. Alzheimers Dis. 80, 1723\u20131737 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"792_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.120.244400","volume":"62","author":"R Harada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harada, R. et al. 18F-SMBT-1: a selective and reversible PET tracer for monoamine oxidase-B imaging. J. Nucl. Med. 62, 253\u2013258 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"792_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s11307-019-01400-y","volume":"22","author":"S Vetel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vetel, S. et al. Longitudinal PET imaging of \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with [18F]ASEM in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Mol. Imaging Biol. 22, 348\u2013357 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging Biol."},{"key":"792_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.56059","volume":"11","author":"AM Chaney","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaney, A. M. et al. Prodromal neuroinflammatory, cholinergic and metabolite dysfunction detected by PET and MRS in the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model of AD: a collaborative multi-modal study. Theranostics 11, 6644\u20136667 (2021).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"792_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18155","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5289-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"N Takata","year":"2011","unstructured":"Takata, N. et al. Astrocyte calcium signaling transforms cholinergic modulation to cortical plasticity in vivo. J. Neurosci. 31, 18155\u201318165 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001259","volume":"10","author":"M Navarrete","year":"2012","unstructured":"Navarrete, M. et al. Astrocytes mediate in vivo cholinergic-induced synaptic plasticity. PLoS Biol. 10, e1001259 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"792_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0081828","volume":"8","author":"TM Pirttimaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pirttimaki, T. M. et al. \u03b17 Nicotinic receptor-mediated astrocytic gliotransmitter release: A\u03b2 effects in a preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s mouse model. PLoS ONE 8, e81828 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"792_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabh2858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abh2858","volume":"374","author":"J Lezmy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lezmy, J. et al. Astrocyte Ca2+-evoked ATP release regulates myelinated axon excitability and conduction speed. Science 374, eabh2858 (2021).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"792_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.04.021","volume":"94","author":"T Papouin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Papouin, T., Dunphy, J. M., Tolman, M., Dineley, K. T. & Haydon, P. G. Septal cholinergic neuromodulation tunes the astrocyte-dependent gating of hippocampal NMDA receptors to wakefulness. Neuron 94, 840\u2013854.e7 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"792_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2007.03.003","volume":"51","author":"L Patti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Patti, L. et al. Evidence that \u03b17 nicotinic receptor modulates glutamate release from mouse neocortical gliosomes. Neurochem. Int. 51, 1\u20137 (2007).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"792_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-009-9235-2","volume":"40","author":"HQ Wu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wu, H. Q. et al. The astrocyte-derived \u03b17 nicotinic receptor antagonist kynurenic acid controls extracellular glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex. J. Mol. Neurosci. 40, 204\u2013210 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12160","volume":"37","author":"S Beggiato","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beggiato, S. et al. Kynurenic acid, by targeting \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, modulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat striatum in vivo. Eur. J. Neurosci. 37, 1470\u20131477 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"792_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20693","volume":"63","author":"\u00c5 Konradsson-Geuken","year":"2009","unstructured":"Konradsson-Geuken, \u00c5. et al. Second-by-second analysis of alpha 7 nicotine receptor regulation of glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex of awake rats. Synapse 63, 1069\u20131082 (2009).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"792_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12436","volume":"127","author":"X Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, X., Lippi, G., Carlson, D. M. & Berg, D. K. Activation of \u03b17-containing nicotinic receptors on astrocytes triggers AMPA receptor recruitment to glutamatergic synapses. J. Neurochem. 127, 632\u2013643 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.02.019","volume":"82","author":"S Beggiato","year":"2014","unstructured":"Beggiato, S. et al. Endogenous kynurenic acid regulates extracellular GABA levels in the rat prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 82, 11\u201318 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"792_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3639","volume":"20","author":"S Jo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jo, S. et al. GABA from reactive astrocytes impairs memory in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Med. 20, 886\u2013896 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"792_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410150503","volume":"15","author":"I Nakano","year":"1984","unstructured":"Nakano, I. & Hirano, A. Parkinson\u2019s disease: neuron loss in the nucleus basalis without concomitant Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann. Neurol. 15, 415\u2013418 (1984).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"792_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu193","volume":"137","author":"H Hall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hall, H. et al. Hippocampal Lewy pathology and cholinergic dysfunction are associated with dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 137, 2493\u20132508 (2014).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"792_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.48.5.413","volume":"48","author":"EK Perry","year":"1985","unstructured":"Perry, E. K. et al. Cholinergic correlates of cognitive impairment in Parkinson\u2019s disease: comparisons with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 48, 413\u2013421 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"792_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3908(00)00110-6","volume":"39","author":"CM Martin-Ruiz","year":"2000","unstructured":"Martin-Ruiz, C. M. et al. Alpha and beta nicotinic acetylcholine receptors subunits and synaptophysin in putamen from Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuropharmacology 39, 2830\u20132839 (2000).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"792_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(02)03571-0","volume":"956","author":"ZZ Guan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Guan, Z. Z., Nordberg, A., Mousavi, M., Rinne, J. O. & Hellstr\u00f6m-Lindahl, E. Selective changes in the levels of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor protein and of corresponding mRNA species in the brains of patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain Res. 956, 358\u2013366 (2002).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"792_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(00)00110-1","volume":"20","author":"JA Court","year":"2000","unstructured":"Court, J. A., Martin-Ruiz, C., Graham, A. & Perry, E. Nicotinic receptors in human brain: topography and pathology. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 20, 281\u2013298 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"792_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.107.035998","volume":"72","author":"T Bordia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bordia, T., Grady, S. R., McIntosh, J. M. & Quik, M. Nigrostriatal damage preferentially decreases a subpopulation of \u03b16\u03b22* nAChRs in mouse, monkey, and Parkinson\u2019s disease striatum. Mol. Pharmacol. 72, 52\u201361 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"792_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.01.021","volume":"190","author":"K Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, K., Bohnen, N. I., Muller, M. & Lustig, C. Compensatory dopaminergic-cholinergic interactions in conflict processing: evidence from patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neuroimage 190, 94\u2013106 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"792_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14605","volume":"148","author":"K Kuter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuter, K., Olech, L., Glowacka, U. & Paleczna, M. Astrocyte support is important for the compensatory potential of the nigrostriatal system neurons during early neurodegeneration. J. Neurochem. 148, 63\u201379 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.05.017","volume":"140","author":"Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling plays an essential role in \u03b17 nicotinic receptor-mediated neuroprotection of dopaminergic neurons in a mouse Parkinson\u2019s disease model. Biochem. Pharmacol. 140, 115\u2013123 (2017).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"792_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-98","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated neuroprotection against dopaminergic neuron loss in an MPTP mouse model via inhibition of astrocyte activation. J. Neuroinflammation 9, 98 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"792_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.300451","volume":"16","author":"S Vetel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vetel, S. et al. Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a therapy combining agonists of nicotinic \u03b17 and \u03c31 receptors in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neural Regen. Res. 16, 1099\u20131104 (2021).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"792_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa321","volume":"144","author":"AAB Jamjoom","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamjoom, A. A. B., Rhodes, J., Andrews, P. J. D. & Grant, S. G. N. The synapse in traumatic brain injury. Brain 144, 18\u201331 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"792_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.416","volume":"4","author":"MA Stefani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stefani, M. A. et al. Elevated glutamate and lactate predict brain death after severe head trauma. Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 4, 392\u2013402 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol."},{"key":"792_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70052020.x","volume":"70","author":"VL Rao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rao, V. L., Baskaya, M. K., Dogan, A., Rothstein, J. D. & Dempsey, R. J. Traumatic brain injury down-regulates glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1 and GLAST) proteins in rat brain. J. Neurochem. 70, 2020\u20132027 (1998).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"792_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92300","volume":"127","author":"EJ Perez","year":"2017","unstructured":"Perez, E. J. et al. Enhanced astrocytic d-serine underlies synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury. J. Clin. Invest. 127, 3114\u20133125 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"792_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.01.008","volume":"112","author":"JW Gatson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gatson, J. W., Simpkins, J. W. & Uteshev, V. V. High therapeutic potential of positive allosteric modulation of \u03b17 nAChRs in a rat model of traumatic brain injury: proof-of-concept. Brain Res. Bull. 112, 35\u201341 (2015).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"792_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-0618(01)00117-X","volume":"22","author":"A Marutle","year":"2001","unstructured":"Marutle, A. et al. Laminar distribution of nicotinic receptor subtypes in cortical regions in schizophrenia. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 22, 115\u2013126 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Chem. Neuroanat."},{"key":"792_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbr069","volume":"39","author":"A Marsman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marsman, A. et al. Glutamate in schizophrenia: a focused review and meta-analysis of 1H-MRS studies. Schizophr. Bull. 39, 120\u2013129 (2013).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"792_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw221","volume":"43","author":"E Plitman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Plitman, E. et al. Kynurenic acid in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr. Bull. 43, 764\u2013777 (2017).","journal-title":"Schizophr. Bull."},{"key":"792_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2539-2","volume":"220","author":"KS Alexander","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alexander, K. S., Wu, H. Q., Schwarcz, R. & Bruno, J. P. Acute elevations of brain kynurenic acid impair cognitive flexibility: normalization by the alpha7 positive modulator galantamine. Psychopharmacology 220, 627\u2013637 (2012).","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-023-00792-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-023-00792-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-023-00792-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,9]],"date-time":"2023-12-09T14:37:29Z","timestamp":1702132649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-023-00792-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"references-count":144,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["792"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-023-00792-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4758","1759-4766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4758","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A.N. holds a patent on PET radiotracer analogues of the compound ASEM (PCT\/SE 20221050413). I.C.F. and A.K. declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}