{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T11:09:24Z","timestamp":1793531364773,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00977-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T14:02:27Z","timestamp":1718200947000},"page":"426-439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":301,"title":["Acceptable performance of blood biomarker tests of amyloid pathology \u2014 recommendations from the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-1465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne E.","family":"Schindler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas","family":"Galasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gil D.","family":"Rabinovici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Salloway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2993-569X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Su\u00e1rez-Calvet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9973-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ara S.","family":"Khachaturian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7177-1185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle M.","family":"Mielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi","family":"Udeh-Momoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Batrla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Bozeat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Dwyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Holzapfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryl Rhys","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine A.","family":"Partrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Scholler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Vradenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dylan","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Algeciras-Schimnich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Aubrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel B.","family":"Braunstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hendrix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3269-4505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Helen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4666-9132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soeren","family":"Mattke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Monane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Reilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Somers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eli","family":"Shobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Vanderstichele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8467-7286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oskar","family":"Hansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"977_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2007.02.016","volume":"29","author":"S Engelborghs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Engelborghs, S. et al. Diagnostic performance of a CSF-biomarker panel in autopsy-confirmed dementia. Neurobiol. Aging 29, 1143\u20131159 (2008).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"977_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.017","volume":"111","author":"H Hampel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hampel, H. et al. Blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: current state and future use in a transformed global healthcare landscape. Neuron 111, 2781\u20132799 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"977_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00400-6","volume":"3","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schindler, S. E. & Atri, A. The role of cerebrospinal fluid and other biomarker modalities in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnostic revolution. Nat. Aging 3, 460\u2013462 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"977_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12756","volume":"18","author":"O Hansson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hansson, O. et al. The Alzheimer\u2019s Association appropriate use recommendations for blood biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 2669\u20132686 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00403-3","volume":"3","author":"O Hansson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hansson, O., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H. & Dage, J. Blood biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease in clinical practice and trials. Nat. Aging 3, 506\u2013519 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"977_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2100708","volume":"384","author":"MA Mintun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mintun, M. A. et al. Donanemab in early Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1691\u20131704 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"977_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.13239","volume":"330","author":"JR Sims","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sims, J. R. et al. Donanemab in early symptomatic Alzheimer disease: the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 330, 512\u2013527 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"977_CR8","unstructured":"Leqembi. Prescribing Information. Eisai Inc. and Biogen. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2023\/761269s000lbl.pdf (2023)."},{"key":"977_CR9","unstructured":"Aduhelm. Prescribing Information. Biogen and Eisai Inc. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2021\/761178s003lbl.pdf (2021)."},{"key":"977_CR10","first-page":"109","volume":"4","author":"J Cummings","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cummings, J. & Fox, N. Defining disease modifying therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis. 4, 109\u2013115 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"No Authors Listed. 2023 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 1598\u20131695 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13016"},{"key":"977_CR12","first-page":"822","volume":"28","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schindler, S. E. Fluid biomarkers in dementia diagnosis. Continuum 28, 822\u2013833 (2022).","journal-title":"Continuum"},{"key":"977_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2019.07.005","volume":"15","author":"EF Drabo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Drabo, E. F. et al. Longitudinal analysis of dementia diagnosis and specialty care among racially diverse Medicare beneficiaries. Alzheimers Dement. 15, 1402\u20131411 (2019).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12068","volume":"16","author":"No Authors Listed.","year":"2020","unstructured":"No Authors Listed. 2020 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 16, 391\u2013460 (2020).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR15","unstructured":"Gauthier, S., Rosa-Neto, P., Morais, J. A. & Webster, C. World Alzheimer report 2021: journey through the diagnosis of dementia. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/u\/World-Alzheimer-Report-2021.pdf (2021)."},{"key":"977_CR16","unstructured":"Gauthier, S., Webster, C., Servaes, S., Morais, J. A. & Rosa-Neto, P. World Alzheimer Report 2022: life after diagnosis: navigating treatment, care and support. Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. https:\/\/www.alzint.org\/resource\/world-alzheimer-report-2022\/ (2022)."},{"key":"977_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1097\/WAD.0b013e3181a6bebc","volume":"23","author":"A Bradford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bradford, A., Kunik, M. E., Schulz, P., Williams, S. P. & Singh, H. Missed and delayed diagnosis of dementia in primary care: prevalence and contributing factors. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 23, 306\u2013314 (2009).","journal-title":"Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord."},{"key":"977_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2000","volume":"321","author":"GD Rabinovici","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rabinovici, G. D. et al. Association of amyloid positron emission tomography with subsequent change in clinical management among Medicare beneficiaries with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. JAMA 321, 1286\u20131294 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"977_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Status Report on the Public Health Response to Dementia (2021).","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(21)00215-2"},{"key":"977_CR20","unstructured":"HRSA. Health Resources and Services Administration, National Center for Health Workforce Analysis. Health Workforce Projections: Neurology Physicians and Physician Assistants. https:\/\/bhw.hrsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/bureau-health-workforce\/data-research\/bhw-factsheet-neurology.pdf (2017)."},{"key":"977_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029030","volume":"101","author":"DS Bhattacharyya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya, D. S., Hossain, M. H., Dutta, G. K., Nowrin, I. & Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M. Service coverage and health workforce allocation strategies for geriatric and palliative care in low- and middle-income countries: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine 101, e29030 (2022).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"977_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01382-x","volume":"27","author":"O Hansson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hansson, O. Biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. Nat. Med. 27, 954\u2013963 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.07.220","volume":"14","author":"LM Shaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shaw, L. M. et al. Appropriate use criteria for lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid testing in the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 14, 1505\u20131521 (2018).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR24","first-page":"e-1","volume":"9","author":"KA Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, K. A. et al. Appropriate use criteria for amyloid PET: a report of the Amyloid Imaging Task Force, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the Alzheimer\u2019s Association. Alzheimers Dement. 9, e-1\u2013e-16 (2013).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70142-4","volume":"11","author":"CM Clark","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clark, C. M. et al. Cerebral PET with florbetapir compared with neuropathology at autopsy for detection of neuritic amyloid-\u03b2 plaques: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 11, 669\u2013678 (2012).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1137","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200040","volume":"98","author":"N Mattsson-Carlgren","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mattsson-Carlgren, N. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurology 98, e1137\u2013e1150 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4506","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac250","volume":"145","author":"JM Long","year":"2022","unstructured":"Long, J. M. et al. Preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers accurately predict cognitive and neuropathological outcomes. Brain 145, 4506\u20134518 (2022).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"977_CR28","unstructured":"The Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. UsAgainstAlzheimer\u2019s. https:\/\/www.usagainstalzheimers.org\/our-enterprise\/CEOi (2024)."},{"key":"977_CR29","unstructured":"Amyvid. Prescribing information. Eli Lilly and Company. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2012\/202008s000lbl.pdf (2012)."},{"key":"977_CR30","unstructured":"Neuraceq. Prescribing information. Piramal Imaging S.A. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2014\/204677s000lbl.pdf (2014)."},{"key":"977_CR31","unstructured":"Vizamyl. Prescribing information. GE Healthcare. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2016\/203137s005lbl.pdf (2016)."},{"key":"977_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.02.018","volume":"14","author":"CR Jack Jr.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jack, C. R. Jr. et al. NIA-AA research framework: toward a biological definition of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 14, 535\u2013562 (2018).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4485","volume":"80","author":"J Therriault","year":"2023","unstructured":"Therriault, J. et al. Association of phosphorylated tau biomarkers with amyloid positron emission tomography vs tau positron emission tomography. JAMA Neurol. 80, 188\u2013199 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00380-7","volume":"3","author":"NR Barth\u00e9lemy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barth\u00e9lemy, N. R. et al. CSF tau phosphorylation occupancies at T217 and T205 represent improved biomarkers of amyloid and tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Aging 3, 391\u2013401 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"977_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02443-z","volume":"29","author":"K Horie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horie, K. et al. CSF MTBR-tau243 is a specific biomarker of tau tangle pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Med. 29, 1954\u20131963 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2020.12.005","volume":"51","author":"N Krishnadas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnadas, N., Villemagne, V. L., Dor\u00e9, V. & Rowe, C. C. Advances in brain amyloid imaging. Semin. Nucl. Med. 51, 241\u2013252 (2021).","journal-title":"Semin. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"977_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683689","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.683689","volume":"14","author":"A Hardy-Sosa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hardy-Sosa, A. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of blood-based biomarker panels: a systematic review. Front. Aging Neurosci. 14, 683689 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"977_CR38","first-page":"371","volume":"8","author":"AP Porsteinsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Porsteinsson, A. P., Isaacson, R. S., Knox, S., Sabbagh, M. N. & Rubino, I. Diagnosis of early Alzheimer\u2019s disease: clinical practice in 2021. J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis. 8, 371\u2013386 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1590\/0004-282X20160098","volume":"74","author":"R Domingues","year":"2016","unstructured":"Domingues, R., Bruniera, G., Brunale, F., Mangueira, C. & Senne, C. Lumbar puncture in patients using anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. 74, 679\u2013686 (2016).","journal-title":"Arq. Neuropsiquiatr."},{"key":"977_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5849","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13473","volume":"19","author":"S Bonomi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonomi, S., Gupta, M. R. & Schindler, S. E. Inadequate reimbursement for lumbar puncture is a potential barrier to accessing new Alzheimer\u2019s disease treatments. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 19, 5849\u20135851 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"977_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep26801","volume":"6","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Janelidze, S. et al. Plasma \u03b2-amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular disease. Sci. Rep. 6, 26801 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"977_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25456","volume":"554","author":"A Nakamura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nakamura, A. et al. High performance plasma amyloid-\u03b2 biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 554, 249\u2013254 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"977_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1647","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008081","volume":"93","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schindler, S. E. et al. High-precision plasma \u03b2-amyloid 42\/40 predicts current and future brain amyloidosis. Neurology 93, e1647\u2013e1659 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0755-1","volume":"26","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Janelidze, S. et al. Plasma P-tau181 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: relationship to other biomarkers, differential diagnosis, neuropathology and longitudinal progression to Alzheimer\u2019s dementia. Nat. Med. 26, 379\u2013386 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30071-5","volume":"19","author":"TK Karikari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karikari, T. K. et al. Blood phosphorylated tau 181 as a biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a diagnostic performance and prediction modelling study using data from four prospective cohorts. Lancet Neurol. 19, 422\u2013433 (2020).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0762-2","volume":"26","author":"EH Thijssen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thijssen, E. H. et al. Diagnostic value of plasma phosphorylated tau181 in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Nat. Med. 26, 387\u2013397 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12841","volume":"19","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ashton, N. J. et al. Plasma and CSF biomarkers in a memory clinic: head-to-head comparison of phosphorylated tau immunoassays. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 1913\u20131924 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.12134","volume":"324","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Palmqvist, S. et al. Discriminative accuracy of plasma phospho-tau217 for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA 324, 772 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"977_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-021-02275-6","volume":"141","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashton, N. J. et al. Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol. 141, 709\u2013724 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"977_CR50","first-page":"1797","volume":"28","author":"M Mil\u00e0-Alom\u00e0","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mil\u00e0-Alom\u00e0, M. et al. Plasma p-tau231 and p-tau217 as state markers of amyloid-\u03b2 pathology in preclinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Med. 28, 1797\u20131801 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215730","volume":"90","author":"TK Karikari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karikari, T. K. Blood tests for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: increasing efforts to expand and diversify research participation is critical for widespread validation and acceptance. J. Alzheimers Dis. 90, 967\u2013974 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12510","volume":"18","author":"IMW Verberk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Verberk, I. M. W. et al. Characterization of pre-analytical sample handling effects on a panel of Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related blood-based biomarkers: results from the Standardization of Alzheimer\u2019s Blood Biomarkers (SABB) working group. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 1484\u20131497 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01117-1","volume":"14","author":"AL Brand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brand, A. L. et al. The performance of plasma amyloid beta measurements in identifying amyloid plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a literature review. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 14, 195 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"977_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3180","volume":"78","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janelidze, S. et al. Head-to-head comparison of 8 plasma amyloid-\u03b2 42\/40 assays in Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 78, 1375\u20131382 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zicha, S. et al. Comparative analytical performance of multiple plasma A\u03b242 and A\u03b240 assays and their ability to predict positron emission tomography amyloid positivity. Alzheimers Dement. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12697 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12697"},{"key":"977_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.1632","volume":"76","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palmqvist, S. et al. Performance of fully automated plasma assays as screening tests for Alzheimer disease-related \u03b2-amyloid status. JAMA Neurol. 76, 1060\u20131069 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-022-00665-2","volume":"18","author":"TK Karikari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karikari, T. K. et al. Blood phospho-tau in Alzheimer disease: analysis, interpretation, and clinical utility. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 18, 400\u2013418 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200861","volume":"217","author":"NR Barthelemy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barthelemy, N. R., Horie, K., Sato, C. & Bateman, R. J. Blood plasma phosphorylated-tau isoforms track CNS change in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20200861 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"977_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac333","volume":"146","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Janelidze, S. et al. Head-to-head comparison of 10 plasma phospho-tau assays in prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 146, 1592\u20131601 (2023).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"977_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.5319","volume":"81","author":"NJ Ashton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashton, N. J. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a plasma phosphorylated tau 217 immunoassay for Alzheimer disease pathology. JAMA Neurol. 81, 255\u2013263 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02869-z","volume":"30","author":"NR Barthelemy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barthelemy, N. R. et al. Highly accurate blood test for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is similar or superior to clinical cerebrospinal fluid tests. Nat. Med. 30, 1085\u20131095 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-016-0474-y","volume":"14","author":"K Anand","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anand, K. & Sabbagh, M. Amyloid imaging: poised for integration into medical practice. Neurotherapeutics 14, 54\u201361 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"977_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2015.02.004","volume":"11","author":"O Sabri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabri, O. et al. Florbetaben PET imaging to detect amyloid beta plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: phase 3 study. Alzheimers Dement. 11, 964\u2013974 (2015).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.4144","volume":"72","author":"C Curtis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Curtis, C. et al. Phase 3 trial of flutemetamol labeled with radioactive fluorine 18 imaging and neuritic plaque density. JAMA Neurol. 72, 287\u2013294 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14020110","volume":"14","author":"C Jie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jie, C., Treyer, V., Schibli, R. & Mu, L. Tauvid\u2122: the first FDA-approved PET tracer for imaging tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Pharmaceuticals 14, 110 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"977_CR66","unstructured":"Tauvid. Prescribing Information. Eli Lilly and Company. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2020\/212123s000lbl.pdf (2020)."},{"key":"977_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2020.0528","volume":"77","author":"AS Fleisher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleisher, A. S. et al. Positron emission tomography imaging with [18F]flortaucipir and postmortem assessment of Alzheimer disease neuropathologic changes. JAMA Neurol. 77, 829 (2020).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12917","volume":"320","author":"R Ossenkoppele","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ossenkoppele, R. et al. Discriminative accuracy of [18F]flortaucipir positron emission tomography for Alzheimer disease vs other neurodegenerative disorders. JAMA 320, 1151\u20131162 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"977_CR69","volume":"19","author":"R La Joie","year":"2023","unstructured":"La Joie, R. et al. Quantitative amyloid\u2010PET in real\u2010world practice: lessons from the imaging dementia \u2014 evidence for amyloid scanning (IDEAS) study. Alzheimers Dement. 19, e082874 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-021-05311-5","volume":"48","author":"M Bucci","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bucci, M. et al. A multisite analysis of the concordance between visual image interpretation and quantitative analysis of [(18)F]flutemetamol amyloid PET images. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 48, 2183\u20132199 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"977_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000566","volume":"9","author":"JM Ranson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ranson, J. M. et al. Predictors of dementia misclassification when using brief cognitive assessments. Neurol. Clin. Pract. 9, 109\u2013117 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurol. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"977_CR72","first-page":"362","volume":"10","author":"J Cummings","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cummings, J. et al. Lecanemab: appropriate use recommendations. J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis. 10, 362\u2013377 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR73","first-page":"398","volume":"8","author":"J Cummings","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cummings, J. et al. Aducanumab: appropriate use recommendations. J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis. 8, 398\u2013410 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Prev. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e669","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200735","volume":"99","author":"J Dumurgier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dumurgier, J. et al. A pragmatic, data-driven method to determine cutoffs for CSF biomarkers of Alzheimer disease based on validation against PET imaging. Neurology 99, e669\u2013e678 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm.12.49","volume":"6","author":"JW Bartlett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bartlett, J. W. et al. Determining cut-points for Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers: statistical issues, methods and challenges. Biomark. Med. 6, 391\u2013400 (2012).","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"977_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12897","volume":"19","author":"A Leuzy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Leuzy, A. et al. Robustness of CSF A\u03b242\/40 and A\u03b242\/P\u2010tau181 measured using fully automated immunoassays to detect AD\u2010related outcomes. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 2994\u20133004 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12706","volume":"19","author":"NC Cullen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cullen, N. C. et al. Test\u2013retest variability of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and its effects on clinical prediction models. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 797\u2013806 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00471-5","volume":"3","author":"WS Brum","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brum, W. S. et al. A two-step workflow based on plasma p-tau217 to screen for amyloid beta positivity with further confirmatory testing only in uncertain cases. Nat. Aging 3, 1079\u20131090 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"977_CR79","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Center for devices and radiological health. Evaluation of automatic class III designation for Lumipulse G \u03b2-amyloid ratio (1-42\/1-40) decision summary. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/reviews\/DEN200072.pdf (2022)."},{"key":"977_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.5216","volume":"79","author":"WJ Jansen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jansen, W. J. et al. Prevalence estimates of amyloid abnormality across the Alzheimer disease clinical spectrum. JAMA Neurol. 79, 228\u2013243 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-030421-112756","volume":"17","author":"N Koutsodendris","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koutsodendris, N., Nelson, M. R., Rao, A. & Huang, Y. Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: findings, hypotheses, and potential mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Pathol. 17, 73\u201399 (2022).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"977_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy103","volume":"141","author":"S Mishra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mishra, S. et al. Longitudinal brain imaging in preclinical Alzheimer disease: impact of APOE \u03b54 genotype. Brain 141, 1828\u20131839 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"977_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181282","volume":"69","author":"JB Toledo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toledo, J. B. et al. APOE effect on amyloid-\u03b2 PET spatial distribution, deposition rate, and cut-points. J. Alzheimers Dis. 69, 783\u2013793 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"977_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2019.030023","volume":"5","author":"MM Mielke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mielke, M. M. Consideration of sex differences in the measurement and interpretation of Alzheimer disease-related biofluid-based biomarkers. J. Appl. Lab. Med. 5, 158\u2013169 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Appl. Lab. Med."},{"key":"977_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12647","volume":"19","author":"SE O\u2019Bryant","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Bryant, S. E., Petersen, M., Hall, J. & Johnson, L. A. Medical comorbidities and ethnicity impact plasma Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers: important considerations for clinical trials and practice. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 36\u201343 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.4669","volume":"313","author":"R Ossenkoppele","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ossenkoppele, R. et al. Prevalence of amyloid PET positivity in dementia syndromes: a meta-analysis. JAMA 313, 1939\u20131949 (2015).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"977_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.054889","volume":"17","author":"O Janssen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Janssen, O. et al. Updated prevalence estimates of amyloid positivity from cognitively normal to clinical Alzheimer\u2019s disease dementia: the Amyloid Biomarker Study. Alzheimers Dement. 17, e054889 (2021).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR88","unstructured":"US Food & Drug Administration. Calculator for positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for individual tests and combined. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/137612\/download (2023)."},{"key":"977_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2018.08.014","volume":"15","author":"S Palmqvist","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palmqvist, S. et al. Accurate risk estimation of \u03b2-amyloid positivity to identify prodromal Alzheimer\u2019s disease: cross-validation study of practical algorithms. Alzheimers Dement. 15, 194\u2013204 (2019).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR90","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. FDA permits marketing for new test to improve diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/news-events\/press-announcements\/fda-permits-marketing-new-test-improve-diagnosis-alzheimers-disease (2022)."},{"key":"977_CR91","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration. Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Elecsys \u03b2-amyloid (1-42) CSF II, Elecsys phospho-tau (181P) CSF: 510(k) substantial equivalence determination decision summary. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/reviews\/K221842.pdf (2022)."},{"key":"977_CR92","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health. Elecsys \u03b2-amyloid (1-42) CSF II, Elecsys total-tau CSF substantial equivalence determination decision summary. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/cdrh_docs\/pdf23\/K231348.pdf (2023)."},{"key":"977_CR93","first-page":"e1424","volume":"101","author":"A Lewis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lewis, A. et al. Association between socioeconomic factors, race, and use of a specialty memory clinic. Neurology 101, e1424\u2013e1433 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.4249","volume":"76","author":"JC Morris","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morris, J. C. et al. Assessment of racial disparities in biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol. 76, 264\u2013273 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-017-0315-1","volume":"9","author":"JC Howell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howell, J. C. et al. Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer\u2019s disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 9, 88 (2017).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"977_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.17363","volume":"2","author":"SL Garrett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garrett, S. L. et al. Racial disparity in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid and tau biomarkers and associated cutoffs for mild cognitive impairment. JAMA Netw. Open 2, e1917363 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"977_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.35068","volume":"5","author":"I Hajjar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hajjar, I. et al. Association of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer disease biomarkers with race and the role of genetic ancestry, vascular comorbidities, and neighborhood factors. JAMA Netw. Open 5, e2235068 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"977_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.3157","volume":"79","author":"CH Wilkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkins, C. H. et al. Racial and ethnic differences in amyloid pet positivity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: a secondary analysis of the Imaging Dementia-Evidence for Amyloid Scanning (IDEAS) cohort study. JAMA Neurol. 79, 1139\u20131147 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1491","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000011599","volume":"96","author":"KD Deters","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deters, K. D. et al. Amyloid PET imaging in self-identified non-Hispanic black participants of the Anti-Amyloid in Asymptomatic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (A4) study. Neurology 96, e1491\u2013e1500 (2021).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002914","volume":"87","author":"RF Gottesman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gottesman, R. F. et al. The ARIC-PET amyloid imaging study: brain amyloid differences by age, race, sex, and APOE. Neurology 87, 473\u2013480 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e245","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000200358","volume":"99","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schindler, S. E. et al. Effect of race on prediction of brain amyloidosis by plasma A\u03b242\/A\u03b240, phosphorylated tau, and neurofilament light. Neurology 99, e245\u2013e257 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR102","first-page":"e1402","volume":"101","author":"VK Ramanan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramanan, V. K. et al. Association of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer disease with cognition and medical comorbidities in a biracial cohort. Neurology 101, e1402\u2013e1411 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"977_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12466","volume":"18","author":"JA Syrjanen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Syrjanen, J. A. et al. Associations of amyloid and neurodegeneration plasma biomarkers with comorbidities. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 1128\u20131140 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01822-2","volume":"28","author":"MM Mielke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mielke, M. M. et al. Performance of plasma phosphorylated tau 181 and 217 in the community. Nat. Med. 28, 1398\u20131405 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12787","volume":"19","author":"A Pichet Binette","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pichet Binette, A. et al. Confounding factors of Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma biomarkers and their impact on clinical performance. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 1403\u20131414 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"977_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0199","volume":"80","author":"S Janelidze","year":"2023","unstructured":"Janelidze, S., Barthelemy, N. R., He, Y., Bateman, R. J. & Hansson, O. Mitigating the associations of kidney dysfunction with blood biomarkers of Alzheimer disease by using phosphorylated tau to total tau ratios. JAMA Neurol. 80, 516\u2013522 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01875-3","volume":"28","author":"SE Schindler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schindler, S. E. & Karikari, T. K. Comorbidities confound Alzheimer\u2019s blood tests. Nat. Med. 28, 1349\u20131351 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"977_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26838","volume":"95","author":"S Bonomi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bonomi, S. et al. Relationships of cognitive measures with cerebrospinal fluid but not imaging biomarkers of Alzheimer disease vary between black and white individuals. Ann. Neurol. 95, 495\u2013506 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"977_CR109","volume":"13","author":"SE O\u2019Bryant","year":"2021","unstructured":"O\u2019Bryant, S. E. et al. The Health & Aging Brain Among Latino Elders (HABLE) study methods and participant characteristics. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement. 13, e12202 (2021).","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"977_CR110","unstructured":"NIH RePORT. Alzheimer diagnosis in older adults with chronic conditions ADACC network. https:\/\/reporter.nih.gov\/search\/b2KG06DoXkaLoSt6R2fyAA\/project-details\/10726511 (2023)."},{"key":"977_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s11673-018-9844-y","volume":"15","author":"G Vanderschaeghe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vanderschaeghe, G., Dierickx, K. & Vandenberghe, R. Review of the ethical issues of a biomarker-based diagnoses in the early stage of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Bioeth. Inq. 15, 219\u2013230 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Bioeth. Inq."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-024-00977-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-024-00977-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-024-00977-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T13:13:29Z","timestamp":1719926009000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41582-024-00977-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["977"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-024-00977-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4758","1759-4766"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4758","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4766","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 June 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.E.S. has analysed plasma biomarker data provided to Washington University by C2N Diagnostics; no personal or research funding was provided by C2N Diagnostics to S.E.S. S.E.S. has consulted or served on scientific advisory boards for Eisai and has an unpaid position on the Board of the Greater Missouri Alzheimer\u2019s Association. S.E.S. and her laboratory are funded by the NIH (R01 AG070941). A.C.P. and her laboratory are funded by the Alzheimer\u2019s Association; the Carolyn and Eugene Mercy Research Gift; the Karen Strauss Cook Research Scholar Award; the NIH (R01 AG063819 and R01 AG064020) and the Robert J. and Claire Pasarow Foundation. A.C.P. also serves on the scientific advisory board of Sinaptica Therapeutics and has served as a consultant to Eisai. G.D.R. receives research funding from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, GE Healthcare, Genentech and Life Molecular Imaging and has served as a consultant for Alector, Eli Lilly, Genentech, GE Healthcare, Johnson & Johnson, Merck and Roche. S.S. has provided consultation to AbbVie, Acumen, Alector, Biogen, Bolden, Corium, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Genentech, Kisbee, Labcorp, Novo Nordisk, Prothena and Roche. S.S. is also a member of the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Related Disorders Therapeutics Work Group and is an author of the Appropriate Use Recommendations for lecanemab and aducanumab. M.S.-C. has given lectures in symposia sponsored by Almirall, Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Roche Farma; has received consultancy fees (paid to his institution) from Roche Diagnostics; served on advisory boards for Grifols and Roche Diagnostics; was granted a project (funded to the institution) by Roche Diagnostics; received in-kind support for research (to the institution) from ADx Neurosciences, Alamar Biosciences, Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Janssen Research & Development and Roche Diagnostics. M.S.-C. receives funding from the European Research Council under the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 948677); ERA PerMed (ERAPERMED2021-184); Project \u2018PI19\/00155\u2019 and \u2018PI22\/00456\u2019 funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and co-funded by the European Union; a fellowship from \u2018la Caixa\u2019 Foundation (ID 100010434) and the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie grant agreement no. 847648 (LCF\/BQ\/PR21\/11840004). A.S.K. has received payments through organizational affiliations for grants, contracts, consulting fees, honoraria, meeting support, travel support, in-kind research and professional support over the past 36 months from the Acadia Pharmaceuticals, the Alzheimer\u2019s Association, Alzheon, Biogen, Clinical Trials on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Conference, Davos Alzheimer\u2019s Consortium, Digicare Realized, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Embic, High Lantern Group, International Neurodegenerative Disorders Research Center, Relz and Serdi Publishing. M.M.M. has consulted or served on advisory boards for Biogen, Eisai, Eli Lilly, LabCorp, Merck, Roche, Siemens Healthineers and Sunbird Bio and receives grant support from the National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense and the Alzheimer\u2019s Association. R.B. is an employee of Eisai. S.B. is an employee and stockholder at Hoffman-La Roche. D.H. is the Chief Operating Officer of the Davos Alzheimer\u2019s Collaborative and is the former Executive Director of the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. D.R.J. is an employee of Eisai. J.F.M. is a stockholder in Eli Lilly and is a scientific consultant for the Davos Alzheimer\u2019s Collaborative \u2014 System Preparedness. K.A.P. is a paid consultant for the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. E.S. is a paid consultant for the Global CEO Initiative on Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. G.V. is the Founding Chairman of the Board for the Davos Alzheimer\u2019s Collaborative and is Chairman and Co-Founder of UsAgainstAlzheimer\u2019s. A.A.-S. has served on advisory boards for Fujirebio Diagnostics, Roche Diagnostics and Siemens Healthineers and has received honorarium for speaking engagements with Roche Diagnostics. J.A. is an employee and stockholder of Prothena Biosciences. J.B.B. is an employee and shareholder of C<sub>2<\/sub>N Diagnostics. J.H. is an employee of Eli Lilly. Y.H.H. is an employee of Eisai. S.M. has received consulting and\/or speaker fees from Biogen, C2N, Eisai, Novartis, Novo Nordisk and Roche\/Genentech. S.M. is supported by grant R01 AG083189-09 from the NIH as well as research contracts to the University of Southern California from Biogen, C2N, Eisai, Eli Lilly and Roche\/Genentech. S.M. also serves on the board of directors of Senscio Systems and on the scientific advisory boards of AiBure Technologies, ALZPath and Boston Millennia Partners. M.M. is an employee and shareholder of C<sub>2<\/sub>N Diagnostics. E. Somers is an employee of Eisai. C.E.T. is a contract researcher for ADx Neurosciences, AC-Immune, Aribio, Axon Neurosciences, Beckman-Coulter, BioConnect, Bioorchestra, Brainstorm Therapeutics, Celgene, Cognition Therapeutics, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Grifols, Instant Nano Biosensors, Merck, Novo Nordisk, Olink, PeopleBio, Quanterix, Roche, Siemens, Toyama and Vivoryon and has received payment or honoraria from Grifols, Novo Nordisk and Roche for consulting services in which all payments were made to her institution. C.E.T. has grants or contracts for research from the Alzheimer Association, Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, Alzheimer Netherlands, the Dutch Research Council (ZonMw; including TAP-dementia, a ZonMw funded project (no. 10510032120003) in the context of the Dutch National Dementia Strategy), the European Commission (Marie Curie International Training Network, grant agreement no. 860197 (MIRIADE)), Health Holland, Innovative Medicines Initiatives 3TR (Horizon 2020, grant no. 831434), European Platform for Neurodegenerative Diseases (IMI 2 Joint Undertaking (JU), grant no. 101034344) and Joint Programme Neurodegenerative Disease (blood proteins for early discrimination of dementias), National MS Society (Progressive MS alliance) and The Selfridges Group Foundation. E. Shobin is a paid employee and shareholder of Biogen. H.V. is an employee and shareholder of Biomarkable. M.W.W. has served on advisory boards for Acumen Pharmaceutical, Alzheon, Cerecin, Merck Sharp & Dohme and the North Carolina Registry for Brain Health. M.W.W. has provided consulting to Boxer Capital, Cerecin, Clario, Dementia Society of Japan, Dolby Family Ventures, Eisai, Guidepoint, Health and Wellness Partners, Indiana University, LCN Consulting, MEDACorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, the North Carolina Registry for Brain Health, Prova Education, T3D Therapeutics, the University of Southern California and WebMD. M.W.W. holds stock options with Alzeca, Alzheon, ALZPath and Anven. M.W.W. also serves on the University of Southern California Alzheimer\u2019s Clinical Trials Consortium grant, which receives funding from Eisai, and has received support for research from the following funding sources: Alzheimer\u2019s Association, Australian Catholic University (HBI-BHR), Biogen, California Department of Public Health, Department of Defense, GE Healthcare, Hillblom Foundation, Johnson & Johnson, Kevin and Connie Shanahan, NIH\/NINDS\/National Institute on Aging, Siemens, The Stroke Foundation, University of Michigan, the Veterans Administration and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. D.W. is an employee and shareholder of Quanterix. O.H. has acquired research support (for his institution) from ADx, AVID Radiopharmaceuticals, Biogen, Eli Lilly, Eisai, Fujirebio, GE Healthcare, Pfizer and Roche. In the past 2 years, O.H. has received consultancy and\/or speaker fees from AC Immune, Amylyx, Alzpath, BioArctic, Biogen, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Cerveau, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fujirebio, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi and Siemens. D.G., C.U.-M., J.W., J.R.D., D.Y. and D.R. declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}