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S.T. and N.V. report a patent entitled \u2018means and methods for determining the potential extent of brain injury\u2019 (WO\/2025\/056634). A.L. reports research grants from CSL Behring and Sanofi, a patent entitled \u2018composition comprising a DNA-degrading enzyme for use in a method for the treatment of immunosuppression after acute tissue injury\u2019 (PCT\/EP2021\/060664), and consulting fees by Roche, Takeda, AllergoSan and Vedanta. M.D.H. reports grants from NoNO Inc. and Medtronic LLC; consulting fees from Sun Pharma, BrainsGate Inc. and Merck Inc.; patents issued by the US Patent Office (62\/086,077 and 10\/916,346) that are licensed; service as the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee chair for the Oncovir Hiltonel trial and the DUMAS trial and as a Data and Safety Monitoring Board member for the ARTESIA trial, the BRAIN-AF trial and the LAAOS-4 trial; directorship of and stock ownership in Circle NVI; directorship of the Canadian Stroke Consortium; and presidency of the Canadian Neuroscience Federation. The other authors report no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}