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G.A. has received speaking honoraria and\/or compensation for consulting services or participation in advisory boards from Horizon Therapeutics, Merck and Roche; has received travel support for scientific meetings from the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS), Novartis and Roche; is the Editor for Europe of\n                      Multiple Sclerosis Journal \u2014 Experimental, Translational and Clinical\n                      ; is a member of the International Women in Multiple Sclerosis (iWiMS) network executive committee; and is a member of the European Biomarkers in MS (BioMS-eu) consortium steering committee. A.B. received a research grant from the Italian Society of Neurology in 2020 and the MAGNIMS\u2013ECTRIMS fellowship in 2023; has received speaker honoraria and\/or consultation fees from Biogen, Merck Serono, Neuraxpharm and Novartis; and has received travel support from Biogen and Merck Serono. G.D.L. has received travel expenses from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN), Genzyme, Merck Serono, MS Academy, Novartis and Roche, and has received honoraria as an invited speaker or faculty for AAN, MS Academy, Novartis and Roche.\u00a0M.F.\u00a0is Editor-in-Chief of the J\n                      ournal of Neurology\n                      , Associate Editor of Hu\n                      man Brain Mapping\n                      , Associate Editor of\n                      Radiology\n                      , and Associate Editor of\n                      Neurological Sciences\n                      , and has received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme; he also receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). C.\u00a0Gasperini has received fees as an invited speaker or travel expenses for attending meetings from Biogen, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Mylan, Novartis, Sanofi and Teva. R.G. has received support for scientific meetings and courses and honoraria for advisory work from Bayer, Biogen, Jasen, Merck, MIAC, Novartis and UCB. C.\u00a0Granziera has received advisory board and consultancy fees (paid to University Hospital Basel and used exclusively for research support) from Actelion, GeNeuro, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis and Roche, speaker fees (paid to University Hospital Basel and used exclusively for research support) from GeNeuro, Genzyme-Sanofi, Novartis and Roche, and research support from GeNeuro, Siemens and Roche, and is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) grant PP00P3_176984, the Stiftung zur F\u00f6rderung der gastroenterologischen und allgemeinen klinischen Forschung and the EUROSTAR E!113682 HORIZON2020. S.M. has received speaking honoraria from UCB and travel grants from Alexion, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Roche and Sanofi. J.S.-G. serves as co-Editor for Europe for\n                      Multiple Sclerosis Journal\n                      and as Editor-in-Chief of\n                      Revista de Neurolog\u00eda\n                      , receives research support from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (19\/950 and 22\/750), and has served as a consultant and\/or speaker in the past 12 months for BMS, Janssen, Merck, Roche and Sanofi. P.P. has received speaker honoraria from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi, and has received research support from the Italian Ministry of Health and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. M.A.R. has received consulting fees from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen and Roche; has received speaker honoraria from AstraZaneca, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bromatech, Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon Therapeutics Italy, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva; receives research support from the MS Society of Canada, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla; and is Associate Editor for\n                      Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders\n                      ; and Associate Co-Editor for Europe and Africa for\n                      Multiple Sclerosis Journal\n                      . A.R. serves on scientific advisory boards for Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Synthetic MR and TensorMedical; has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; is Chief Medical Officer and co-founder of TensorMedical; and receives research support from Fondo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Salud (PI19\/00950) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain. M.T. has received compensation for consulting services, speaking honoraria and research support from Almirall, Bayer-Schering Pharma, Biogen-Idec, Genzyme, Immunic Therapeutics, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva Pharmaceuticals and Viela Bio; serves on Data Safety Monitoring Boards for Parexel and UCB Biopharma; and serves on the Relapse Adjudication Committee for Imcyse. A.T. has received speaker honoraria from At the Limits, Bayer, Biomedia, Merck and Sereno Symposia International Foundation; has received meeting expenses from Biogen-Idec, Merck and Novartis; was the UK principal investigator for two clinical trials sponsored by MedDay Pharmaceuticals; is an associate editor for\n                      Frontiers in Neurology\n                      neuro-ophthalmology section; is on the editorial board for\n                      Neurology\n                      ; is co-editor for\n                      Multiple Sclerosis Journal\n                      ; and has been supported by grants from the MRC (MR\/S026088\/1), NIHR BRC (541\/CAP\/OC\/818837) and RoseTrees Trust (A1332 and PGL21\/10079). C.T. has received honoraria for speaking and travel grants from Alexion, Almirall, Bayer-Schering, Biogen, Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva. M.V. has received speaker honoraria, consultant fees and travel expenses from Biogen-Idec, BMS, Merck, Novartis and Roche, and has been supported by the Czech Ministry of Education \u2014 project Cooperatio LF1, research area Neuroscience and Imaging, and Czech Ministry of Health \u2014 VFN64165, grant NU22-04-00193. T.Y. serves as Chair of the European Board of Neuroradiology. J.P. has received support for scientific meetings and honoraria for advisory work from Alexion, Amplo, Argenx, Chugai, Janssen, Medimmune, Merck Serono, Mitsubishi, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and UCB; has received grants from Alexion, Amplo Biotechnology, Medimmune, Roche and UCB; owns shares in AstraZeneca; and has received funding for highly Specialized services from NHS England. N.D.S. has received honoraria from Biogen-Idec, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genzyme, Immunic, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Teva for consulting services, speaking and travel support; serves on advisory boards for Biogen-Idec, Immunic, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi; has received research support from the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla; is Associate Editor of\n                      Neurological Sciences\n                      ; and is co-founder of Siena-Imaging. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}