{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:25:16Z","timestamp":1794367516338,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":385,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat. Rev. Neurosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-025-00997-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:20:01Z","timestamp":1764350401000},"page":"196-218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-8867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Butovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neta","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2753-6804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kilian L.","family":"Kleemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4724-6190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi","family":"Jorfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay K.","family":"Kuchroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolph E.","family":"Tanzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Howard L.","family":"Weiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"997_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3435","volume":"16","author":"EM Bradshaw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bradshaw, E. M. et al. CD33 Alzheimer\u2019s disease locus: altered monocyte function and amyloid biology. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 848\u2013850 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau2291","volume":"11","author":"Y Deming","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deming, Y. et al. The MS4A gene cluster is a key modulator of soluble TREM2 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. Sci. Transl. Med. 11, eaau2291 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"997_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000911","volume":"34","author":"A Griciuc","year":"2021","unstructured":"Griciuc, A. & Tanzi, R. E. The role of innate immune genes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 34, 228\u2013236 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01506-8","volume":"55","author":"X Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. Functional characterization of Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetic variants in microglia. Nat. Genet. 55, 1735\u20131744 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12922","volume":"154","author":"J Stephenson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stephenson, J., Nutma, E., van der Valk, P. & Amor, S. Inflammation in CNS neurodegenerative diseases. Immunology 154, 204\u2013219 (2018).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"997_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07825-3","volume":"9","author":"Y Ovadya","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ovadya, Y. et al. Impaired immune surveillance accelerates accumulation of senescent cells and aging. Nat. Commun. 9, 5435 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.187","volume":"10","author":"I Knuesel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Knuesel, I. et al. Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 10, 643\u2013660 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2017.80","volume":"7","author":"D Mattei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mattei, D. et al. Maternal immune activation results in complex microglial transcriptome signature in the adult offspring that is reversed by minocycline treatment. Transl. Psychiatry 7, e1120 (2017).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2012.08.006","volume":"33","author":"SD Bilbo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bilbo, S. D. & Schwarz, J. M. The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 33, 267\u2013286 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"997_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0106-4","volume":"21","author":"S Tanabe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tanabe, S. & Yamashita, T. B-1a lymphocytes promote oligodendrogenesis during brain development. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 506\u2013516 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.026","volume":"182","author":"E Pasciuto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pasciuto, E. et al. Microglia require CD4 T cells to complete the fetal-to-adult transition. Cell 182, 625\u2013640 e624 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1629","volume":"9","author":"Y Ziv","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ziv, Y. et al. Immune cells contribute to the maintenance of neurogenesis and spatial learning abilities in adulthood. Nat. Neurosci. 9, 268\u2013275 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3979","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801218","volume":"182","author":"SA Wolf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wolf, S. A. et al. CD4-positive T lymphocytes provide a neuroimmunological link in the control of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J. Immunol. 182, 3979\u20133984 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18626","volume":"535","author":"AJ Filiano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Filiano, A. J. et al. Unexpected role of interferon-\u03b3 in regulating neuronal connectivity and social behaviour. Nature 535, 425\u2013429 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00270","volume":"9","author":"L Pereira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pereira, L., Medina, R., Baena, M., Planas, A. M. & Pozas, E. IFN-\u03b3 regulates proliferation and neuronal differentiation by STAT1 in adult SVZ niche. Front. Cell Neurosci. 9, 270 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12399","volume":"18","author":"HS Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, H. S. et al. Plasma IL-12\/IFN-\u03b3 axis predicts cognitive trajectories in cognitively unimpaired older adults. Alzheimers Dement. 18, 645\u2013653 (2022).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"997_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41390-022-02239-w","volume":"93","author":"M Loayza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Loayza, M. et al. Maternal immune activation alters fetal and neonatal microglia phenotype and disrupts neurogenesis in mice. Pediatr. Res. 93, 1216\u20131225 (2023).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"997_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.008","volume":"31","author":"PA Garay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garay, P. A., Hsiao, E. Y., Patterson, P. H. & McAllister, A. K. Maternal immune activation causes age- and region-specific changes in brain cytokines in offspring throughout development. Brain Behav. Immun. 31, 54\u201368 (2013).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01349-z","volume":"11","author":"ESNM Lyra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lyra, E. S. N. M. et al. Pro-inflammatory interleukin-6 signaling links cognitive impairments and peripheral metabolic alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl. Psychiatry 11, 251 (2021).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-5-7","volume":"5","author":"SS Shaftel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shaftel, S. S., Griffin, W. S. & O\u2019Banion, M. K. The role of interleukin-1 in neuroinflammation and Alzheimer disease: an evolving perspective. J. Neuroinflammation 5, 7 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109574","volume":"36","author":"HC Brigas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brigas, H. C. et al. IL-17 triggers the onset of cognitive and synaptic deficits in early stages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Rep. 36, 109574 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.20752","volume":"83","author":"S Tanaka","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tanaka, S. et al. Lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation induces learning and memory deficits without neuronal cell death in rats. J. Neurosci. Res. 83, 557\u2013566 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"997_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0776-4","volume":"21","author":"K Alves de Lima","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alves de Lima, K. et al. Meningeal \u03b3\u0394 T cells regulate anxiety-like behavior via IL-17a signaling in neurons. Nat. Immunol. 21, 1421\u20131429 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aay5199","volume":"4","author":"M Ribeiro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ribeiro, M. et al. Meningeal \u03b3\u0394 T cell-derived IL-17 controls synaptic plasticity and short-term memory. Sci. Immunol. 4, eaay5199 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01355-y","volume":"26","author":"Z Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin, Z. et al. Identification of a protective microglial state mediated by miR-155 and interferon-\u03b3 signaling in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 26, 1196\u20131207 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"[No authors listed]. Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement. 20, 3708\u20133821 (2024).","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13809"},{"key":"997_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.11.005","volume":"35","author":"S Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han, S., Georgiev, P., Ringel, A. E., Sharpe, A. H. & Haigis, M. C. Age-associated remodeling of T cell immunity and metabolism. Cell Metab. 35, 36\u201355 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"997_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12111817","volume":"12","author":"A Bowirrat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bowirrat, A. Immunosenescence and aging: neuroinflammation is a prominent feature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and is a likely contributor to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis. J. Pers. Med. 12, 1817 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"997_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.004","volume":"113","author":"L Basurco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basurco, L., Abellanas, M. A., Purnapatre, M., Antonello, P. & Schwartz, M. Chronological versus immunological aging: immune rejuvenation to arrest cognitive decline. Neuron 113, 140\u2013153 (2025).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03547-7","volume":"594","author":"MJ Yousefzadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yousefzadeh, M. J. et al. An aged immune system drives senescence and ageing of solid organs. Nature 594, 100\u2013105 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00049-z","volume":"1","author":"J Groh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Groh, J. et al. Accumulation of cytotoxic T cells in the aged CNS leads to axon degeneration and contributes to cognitive and motor decline. Nat. Aging 1, 357\u2013367 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"997_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl1123","volume":"10","author":"PY Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, P. Y. et al. Rejuvenation of peripheral immune cells attenuates Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathologies and behavioral deficits in a mouse model. Sci. Adv. 10, eadl1123 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"997_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-019-0298-5","volume":"2","author":"MM Das","year":"2019","unstructured":"Das, M. M. et al. Young bone marrow transplantation preserves learning and memory in old mice. Commun. Biol. 2, 73 (2019).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.09.014","volume":"54","author":"K Borst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borst, K., Dumas, A. A. & Prinz, M. Microglia: immune and non-immune functions. Immunity 54, 2194\u20132208 (2021).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3318","volume":"16","author":"K Kierdorf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kierdorf, K. et al. Microglia emerge from erythromyeloid precursors via Pu.1- and Irf8-dependent pathways. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 273\u2013280 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637","volume":"330","author":"F Ginhoux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ginhoux, F. et al. Fate mapping analysis reveals that adult microglia derive from primitive macrophages. Science 330, 841\u2013845 (2010).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219179","volume":"336","author":"C Schulz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schulz, C. et al. A lineage of myeloid cells independent of Myb and hematopoietic stem cells. Science 336, 86\u201390 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-013-8620-6","volume":"49","author":"R Fu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fu, R., Shen, Q., Xu, P., Luo, J. J. & Tang, Y. Phagocytosis of microglia in the central nervous system diseases. Mol. Neurobiol. 49, 1422\u20131434 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"997_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn109","volume":"132","author":"H Neumann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Neumann, H., Kotter, M. R. & Franklin, R. J. Debris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration. Brain 132, 288\u2013295 (2009).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"997_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01104-7","volume":"25","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heneka, M. T. et al. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 25, 321\u2013352 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.008","volume":"47","author":"S Krasemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Krasemann, S. et al. The TREM2-APOE pathway drives the transcriptional phenotype of dysfunctional microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Immunity 47, 566\u2013581 e569 (2017).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.018","volume":"169","author":"H Keren-Shaul","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keren-Shaul, H. et al. A unique microglia type associated with restricting development of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell 169, 1276\u20131290 e1217 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3599","volume":"17","author":"O Butovsky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Butovsky, O. et al. Identification of a unique TGF-\u03b2-dependent molecular and functional signature in microglia. Nat. Neurosci. 17, 131\u2013143 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.03.099","volume":"27","author":"C Sala Frigerio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sala Frigerio, C. et al. The major risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: age, sex, and genes modulate the microglia response to A\u03b2 plaques. Cell Rep. 27, 1293\u20131306 e1296 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201910606","volume":"12","author":"A Sierksma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sierksma, A. et al. Novel Alzheimer risk genes determine the microglia response to amyloid-\u03b2 but not to TAU pathology. EMBO Mol. Med. 12, e10606 (2020).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"997_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.12.001","volume":"57","author":"A Millet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Millet, A., Ledo, J. H. & Tavazoie, S. F. An exhausted-like microglial population accumulates in aged and APOE4 genotype Alzheimer\u2019s brains. Immunity 57, 153\u2013170 e156 (2024).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01620-8","volume":"27","author":"N Rachmian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rachmian, N. et al. Identification of senescent, TREM2-expressing microglia in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease model mouse brain. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 1116\u20131124 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.004","volume":"55","author":"A Silvin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silvin, A. et al. Dual ontogeny of disease-associated microglia and disease inflammatory macrophages in aging and neurodegeneration. Immunity 55, 1448\u20131465 e1446 (2022).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01627-6","volume":"24","author":"Z Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin, Z. et al. APOE4 impairs the microglial response in Alzheimer\u2019s disease by inducing TGF\u03b2-mediated checkpoints. Nat. Immunol. 24, 1839\u20131853 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2990","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03122-3","volume":"30","author":"N Rosenzweig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosenzweig, N. et al. Sex-dependent APOE4 neutrophil\u2013microglia interactions drive cognitive impairment in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Med. 30, 2990\u20133003 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"997_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.adk3690","volume":"17","author":"W Brandao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Brandao, W. et al. Inhaled xenon modulates microglia and ameliorates disease in mouse models of amyloidosis and tauopathy. Sci. Transl. Med. 17, eadk3690 (2025).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"997_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.110961","volume":"39","author":"S Kiani Shabestari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kiani Shabestari, S. et al. Absence of microglia promotes diverse pathologies and early lethality in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mice. Cell Rep. 39, 110961 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08852-z","volume":"641","author":"K Kimura","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kimura, K. et al. Immune checkpoint TIM-3 regulates microglia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 641, 718\u2013731 (2025).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.030","volume":"185","author":"H Ennerfelt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ennerfelt, H. et al. SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease. Cell 185, 4135\u20134152 e4122 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-015-0251-x","volume":"3","author":"C Spani","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spani, C. et al. Reduced \u03b2-amyloid pathology in an APP transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease lacking functional B and T cells. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 3, 71 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8967","volume":"6","author":"K Baruch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baruch, K. et al. Breaking immune tolerance by targeting Foxp3+ regulatory T cells mitigates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Nat. Commun. 6, 7967 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4022","volume":"22","author":"K Baruch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baruch, K. et al. PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade reduces pathology and improves memory in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Med. 22, 135\u2013137 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"997_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.05.039","volume":"16","author":"K Mittal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittal, K. et al. CD4 T cells induce a subset of MHCII-expressing microglia that attenuates Alzheimer pathology. iScience 16, 298\u2013311 (2019).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"997_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2644-4","volume":"11","author":"Z He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, Z. et al. Intraperitoneal injection of IFN-\u03b3 restores microglial autophagy, promotes amyloid-\u03b2 clearance and improves cognition in APP\/PS1 mice. Cell Death Dis. 11, 440 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"997_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010830","volume":"5","author":"Y Fisher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fisher, Y., Nemirovsky, A., Baron, R. & Monsonego, A. T cells specifically targeted to amyloid plaques enhance plaque clearance in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS ONE 5, e10830 (2010).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"997_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01604-z","volume":"24","author":"W Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su, W. et al. CXCR6 orchestrates brain CD8+ T cell residency and limits mouse Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Nat. Immunol. 24, 1735\u20131747 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awv408","volume":"139","author":"C Dansokho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dansokho, C. et al. Regulatory T cells delay disease progression in Alzheimer-like pathology. Brain 139, 1237\u20131251 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"997_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02702-3","volume":"20","author":"G Stym-Popper","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stym-Popper, G. et al. Regulatory T cells decrease C3-positive reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer-like pathology. J. Neuroinflammation 20, 64 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww270","volume":"140","author":"C Laurent","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laurent, C. et al. Hippocampal T cell infiltration promotes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in a mouse model of tauopathy. Brain 140, 184\u2013200 (2017).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"997_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05788-0","volume":"615","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. Microglia-mediated T cell infiltration drives neurodegeneration in tauopathy. Nature 615, 668\u2013677 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01183-6","volume":"25","author":"T Kaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaya, T. et al. CD8+ T cells induce interferon-responsive oligodendrocytes and microglia in white matter aging. Nat. Neurosci. 25, 1446\u20131457 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01682-8","volume":"27","author":"S Kedia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kedia, S. et al. T cell-mediated microglial activation triggers myelin pathology in a mouse model of amyloidosis. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 1468\u20131474 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-62405-6","volume":"16","author":"E Terrabuio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Terrabuio, E. et al. CD103\u2212CD8+ T cells promote neurotoxic inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease via granzyme K-PAR-1 signaling. Nat. Commun. 16, 8372 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58494-y","volume":"16","author":"JM Peralta Ramos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Peralta Ramos, J. M. et al. Targeting CD38 immunometabolic checkpoint improves metabolic fitness and cognition in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Commun. 16, 3736 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01415-3","volume":"26","author":"M Jorfi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jorfi, M. et al. Infiltrating CD8+ T cells exacerbate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in a 3D human neuroimmune axis model. Nat. Neurosci. 26, 1489\u20131504 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1895-7","volume":"577","author":"D Gate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gate, D. et al. Clonally expanded CD8 T cells patrol the cerebrospinal fluid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 577, 399\u2013404 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550160085021","volume":"54","author":"P Bongioanni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bongioanni, P., Boccardi, B., Borgna, M., Castagna, M. & Mondino, C. T-cell interferon \u03b3 binding in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type. Arch. Neurol. 54, 457\u2013462 (1997).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-42708-8","volume":"13","author":"JM Grayson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grayson, J. M. et al. T cell exhaustion is associated with cognitive status and amyloid accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci. Rep. 13, 15779 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111391","volume":"40","author":"JC Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J. C. et al. Association of B cell profile and receptor repertoire with the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell Rep. 40, 111391 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22479-4","volume":"12","author":"K Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, K. et al. Therapeutic B-cell depletion reverses progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Commun. 12, 2185 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.11.012","volume":"108","author":"W Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, W. et al. B lymphocytes ameliorate Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like neuropathology via interleukin-35. Brain Behav. Immun. 108, 16\u201331 (2023).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154076","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.06.003","volume":"122","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, X., Fang, P., Yang, W. Y., Wang, H. & Yang, X. IL-35, as a newly proposed homeostasis-associated molecular pattern, plays three major functions including anti-inflammatory initiator, effector, and blocker in cardiovascular diseases. Cytokine 122, 154076 (2019).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"997_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150236","volume":"48","author":"S Sollvander","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sollvander, S. et al. Increased number of plasma B cells producing autoantibodies against A\u03b242 protofibrils in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 48, 63\u201372 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"997_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01484-7","volume":"8","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Chen, H., Li, R., Sterling, K. & Song, W. Amyloid \u03b2-based therapy for Alzheimer\u2019s disease: challenges, successes and future. Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther. 8, 248 (2023).","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"997_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318104","volume":"112","author":"A Monsonego","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monsonego, A. et al. Increased T cell reactivity to amyloid \u03b2 protein in older humans and patients with Alzheimer disease. J. Clin. Invest. 112, 415\u2013422 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.177.4.1181","volume":"177","author":"F Gaskin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gaskin, F., Finley, J., Fang, Q., Xu, S. & Fu, S. M. Human antibodies reactive with \u03b2-amyloid protein in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Exp. Med. 177, 1181\u20131186 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.11.002","volume":"266","author":"K Matsuo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Matsuo, K. et al. Vaccine efficacy of transcutaneous immunization with amyloid \u03b2 using a dissolving microneedle array in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neuroimmunol. 266, 1\u201311 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"997_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003953","volume":"187","author":"C Toly-Ndour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Toly-Ndour, C. et al. MHC-independent genetic factors control the magnitude of CD4+ T cell responses to amyloid-\u03b2 peptide in mice through regulatory T cell-mediated inhibition. J. Immunol. 187, 4492\u20134500 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0317-5","volume":"12","author":"MB Rosset","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosset, M. B., Lui, G., Dansokho, C., Chaigneau, T. & Dorothee, G. Vaccine-induced A\u03b2-specific CD8+ T cells do not trigger autoimmune neuroinflammation in a murine model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neuroinflammation 12, 95 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-015-0125-2","volume":"7","author":"P Theriault","year":"2015","unstructured":"Theriault, P., ElAli, A. & Rivest, S. The dynamics of monocytes and microglia in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 7, 41 (2015).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"997_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)92317-Q","volume":"189","author":"JB Davis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Davis, J. B., McMurray, H. F. & Schubert, D. The amyloid \u03b2-protein of Alzheimer\u2019s disease is chemotactic for mononuclear phagocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189, 1096\u20131100 (1992).","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-008-0481-0","volume":"117","author":"J Zaghi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zaghi, J. et al. Alzheimer disease macrophages shuttle amyloid-\u03b2 from neurons to vessels, contributing to amyloid angiopathy. Acta Neuropathol. 117, 111\u2013124 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"997_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.01.023","volume":"79","author":"H Qosa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qosa, H. et al. Differences in amyloid-\u03b2 clearance across mouse and human blood\u2013brain barrier models: kinetic analysis and mechanistic modeling. Neuropharmacology 79, 668\u2013678 (2014).","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"997_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52396-1","volume":"15","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Clearance and transport of amyloid \u03b2 by peripheral monocytes correlate with Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Nat. Commun. 15, 7998 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI152565","volume":"132","author":"P Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan, P. et al. Peripheral monocyte-derived cells counter amyloid plaque pathogenesis in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Clin. Invest. 132, e152565 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-023-01530-z","volume":"11","author":"C Munoz-Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Munoz-Castro, C. et al. Monocyte-derived cells invade brain parenchyma and amyloid plaques in human Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 11, 31 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.01.022","volume":"49","author":"AR Simard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Simard, A. R., Soulet, D., Gowing, G., Julien, J. P. & Rivest, S. Bone marrow-derived microglia play a critical role in restricting senile plaque formation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron 49, 489\u2013502 (2006).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150479","volume":"212","author":"S Prokop","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prokop, S. et al. Impact of peripheral myeloid cells on amyloid-\u03b2 pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like mice. J. Exp. Med. 212, 1811\u20131818 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20150478","volume":"212","author":"NH Varvel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Varvel, N. H. et al. Replacement of brain-resident myeloid cells does not alter cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 deposition in mouse models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Exp. Med. 212, 1803\u20131809 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2005-7304","volume":"7","author":"M Fiala","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fiala, M. et al. Ineffective phagocytosis of amyloid-\u03b2 by macrophages of Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. J. Alzheimers Dis. 7, 221\u2013232 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"997_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01113-9","volume":"10","author":"SH Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, S. H. et al. Amyloid-\u03b2 uptake by blood monocytes is reduced with ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl. Psychiatry 10, 423 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1596-3","volume":"132","author":"BJ Gu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gu, B. J. et al. Innate phagocytosis by peripheral blood monocytes is altered in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. 132, 377\u2013389 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"997_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05397-3","volume":"611","author":"A Drieu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Drieu, A. et al. Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid. Nature 611, 585\u2013593 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-019-00651-1","volume":"39","author":"PS Jairani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jairani, P. S. et al. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and oxidative stress in peripheral blood-derived macrophage-mediated amyloid-\u03b2 phagocytosis in alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 39, 355\u2013369 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"997_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1242077","volume":"341","author":"T Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, T. et al. Human LilrB2 is a \u03b2-amyloid receptor and its murine homolog PirB regulates synaptic plasticity in an Alzheimer\u2019s model. Science 341, 1399\u20131404 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.031","volume":"97","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. et al. TREM2 is a receptor for \u03b2-amyloid that mediates microglial function. Neuron 97, 1023\u20131031 e1027 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1622-5","volume":"132","author":"T Jiang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jiang, T. et al. TREM1 facilitates microglial phagocytosis of amyloid \u03b2. Acta Neuropathol. 132, 667\u2013683 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"997_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01024-z","volume":"54","author":"C Bellenguez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellenguez, C. et al. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. Nat. Genet. 54, 412\u2013436 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.01-0251com","volume":"15","author":"H Yazawa","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yazawa, H. et al. \u03b2 Amyloid peptide (A\u03b242) is internalized via the G-protein-coupled receptor FPRL1 and forms fibrillar aggregates in macrophages. FASEB J. 15, 2454\u20132462 (2001).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"997_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7078","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.11.7078","volume":"172","author":"G Ying","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ying, G. et al. Humanin, a newly identified neuroprotective factor, uses the G protein-coupled formylpeptide receptor-like-1 as a functional receptor. J. Immunol. 172, 7078\u20137085 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021546","volume":"197","author":"JB El Khoury","year":"2003","unstructured":"El Khoury, J. B. et al. CD36 mediates the innate host response to \u03b2-amyloid. J. Exp. Med. 197, 1657\u20131666 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00660-1","volume":"18","author":"K Uekawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uekawa, K. et al. Border-associated macrophages promote cerebral amyloid angiopathy and cognitive impairment through vascular oxidative stress. Mol. Neurodegener. 18, 73 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-024-03119-2","volume":"21","author":"Q Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Monocytes release cystatin F dimer to associate with A\u03b2 and aggravate amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neuroinflammation 21, 125 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt666","volume":"23","author":"T Raj","year":"2014","unstructured":"Raj, T. et al. CD33: increased inclusion of exon 2 implicates the Ig V-set domain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease susceptibility. Hum. Mol. Genet. 23, 2729\u20132736 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45627-y","volume":"15","author":"K Juul-Madsen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Juul-Madsen, K. et al. Amyloid-\u03b2 aggregates activate peripheral monocytes in mild cognitive impairment. Nat. Commun. 15, 1224 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225417","volume":"14","author":"E Panayiotou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Panayiotou, E. et al. C5aR agonist enhances phagocytosis of fibrillar and non-fibrillar A\u03b2 amyloid and preserves memory in a mouse model of familial Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS One 14, e0225417 (2019).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"997_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.175015","volume":"9","author":"AB Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, A. B. et al. Chimeric antigen receptor macrophages target and resorb amyloid plaques. JCI Insight 9, e175015 (2024).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"997_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49908-4","volume":"15","author":"P Colella","year":"2024","unstructured":"Colella, P. et al. CNS-wide repopulation by hematopoietic-derived microglia-like cells corrects progranulin deficiency in mice. Nat. Commun. 15, 5654 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20180247","volume":"215","author":"JC Cronk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cronk, J. C. et al. Peripherally derived macrophages can engraft the brain independent of irradiation and maintain an identity distinct from microglia. J. Exp. Med. 215, 1627\u20131647 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.04.006","volume":"58","author":"J Bastos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bastos, J. et al. Monocytes can efficiently replace all brain macrophages and fetal liver monocytes can generate bona fide SALL1+ microglia. Immunity 58, 1269\u20131288 e1212 (2025).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.03.019","volume":"58","author":"WH Aisenberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Aisenberg, W. H. et al. Direct microglia replacement reveals pathologic and therapeutic contributions of brain macrophages to a monogenic neurological disease. Immunity 58, 1254\u20131268 e1259 (2025).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.009","volume":"178","author":"Z Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, Z. et al. Fate mapping via Ms4a3-expression history traces monocyte-derived cells. Cell 178, 1509\u20131525 e1519 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54590","volume":"9","author":"GL McKinsey","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKinsey, G. L. et al. A new genetic strategy for targeting microglia in development and disease. eLife 9, e54590 (2020).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"997_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abb2119","volume":"6","author":"HR Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, H. R. et al. Fate mapping via CCR2-CreER mice reveals monocyte-to-microglia transition in development and neonatal stroke. Sci. Adv. 6, eabb2119 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"997_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0206-2","volume":"12","author":"J Attems","year":"2014","unstructured":"Attems, J. & Jellinger, K. A. The overlap between vascular disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease \u2014 lessons from pathology. BMC Med. 12, 206 (2014).","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"997_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2022.01.011","volume":"101","author":"ML Lehmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lehmann, M. L. et al. CCR2 monocytes repair cerebrovascular damage caused by chronic social defeat stress. Brain Behav. Immun. 101, 346\u2013358 (2022).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1555","volume":"13","author":"J El Khoury","year":"2007","unstructured":"El Khoury, J. et al. Ccr2 deficiency impairs microglial accumulation and accelerates progression of Alzheimer-like disease. Nat. Med. 13, 432\u2013438 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"997_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6208","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0299-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"G Naert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naert, G. & Rivest, S. CC chemokine receptor 2 deficiency aggravates cognitive impairments and amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neurosci. 31, 6208\u20136220 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2011.00306","volume":"18","author":"G Naert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Naert, G. & Rivest, S. Hematopoietic CC-chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) competent cells are protective for the cognitive impairments and amyloid pathology in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Med. 18, 297\u2013313 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"997_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-021-00149-w","volume":"2","author":"R Dvir-Szternfeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dvir-Szternfeld, R. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease modification mediated by bone marrow-derived macrophages via a TREM2-independent pathway in mouse model of amyloidosis. Nat. Aging 2, 60\u201373 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"997_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2024.114120","volume":"43","author":"L Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang, L. et al. CCR2+ monocytes replenish border-associated macrophages in the diseased mouse brain. Cell Rep. 43, 114120 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01757-6","volume":"27","author":"A Anfray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anfray, A. et al. A cell-autonomous role for border-associated macrophages in ApoE4 neurovascular dysfunction and susceptibility to white matter injury. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 2138\u20132151 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01847-5","volume":"28","author":"MA Abellanas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abellanas, M. A., Purnapatre, M., Burgaletto, C. & Schwartz, M. Monocyte-derived macrophages act as reinforcements when microglia fall short in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Neurosci. 28, 436\u2013445 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3913","volume":"21","author":"E Zenaro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zenaro, E. et al. Neutrophils promote Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin. Nat. Med. 21, 880\u2013886 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"997_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.003","volume":"35","author":"SH Baik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baik, S. H. et al. Migration of neutrophils targeting amyloid plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. Neurobiol. Aging 35, 1286\u20131292 (2014).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"997_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.523798","volume":"11","author":"Y Kong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong, Y. et al. PET imaging of neutrophils infiltration in Alzheimer\u2019s disease transgenic mice. Front. Neurol. 11, 523798 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-022-01347-2","volume":"10","author":"LCD Smyth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Smyth, L. C. D. et al. Neutrophil\u2013vascular interactions drive myeloperoxidase accumulation in the brain in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol. Commun. 10, 38 (2022).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25159","volume":"83","author":"Y Dong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dong, Y. et al. Neutrophil hyperactivation correlates with Alzheimer\u2019s disease progression. Ann. Neurol. 83, 387\u2013405 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0329-4","volume":"22","author":"JC Cruz Hernandez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruz Hernandez, J. C. et al. Neutrophil adhesion in brain capillaries reduces cortical blood flow and impairs memory function in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 413\u2013420 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05970","volume":"448","author":"T Korn","year":"2007","unstructured":"Korn, T. et al. IL-21 initiates an alternative pathway to induce proinflammatory TH17 cells. Nature 448, 484\u2013487 (2007).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.14120","volume":"23","author":"R Gruel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gruel, R. et al. S100A8-enriched microglia populate the brain of tau-seeded and accelerated aging mice. Aging Cell 23, e14120 (2024).","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"997_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-024-01610-w","volume":"27","author":"EN Wilson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilson, E. N. et al. TREM1 disrupts myeloid bioenergetics and cognitive function in aging and Alzheimer disease mouse models. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 873\u2013885 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2363014","volume":"16","author":"W Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao, W. et al. Modulation of Alzheimer\u2019s disease brain pathology in mice by gut bacterial depletion: the role of IL-17a. Gut Microbes 16, 2363014 (2024).","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"997_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317431","volume":"69","author":"MS Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, M. S. et al. Transfer of a healthy microbiota reduces amyloid and tau pathology in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model. Gut 69, 283\u2013294 (2020).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"997_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add1236","volume":"379","author":"DO Seo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seo, D. O. et al. ApoE isoform- and microbiota-dependent progression of neurodegeneration in a mouse model of tauopathy. Science 379, eadd1236 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1004885","volume":"13","author":"C Qi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qi, C. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease alters the transcriptomic profile of natural killer cells at single-cell resolution. Front. Immunol. 13, 1004885 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-025-01681-2","volume":"17","author":"CH Zuniga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zuniga, C. H. et al. Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease subjects with expanded non-genetically modified autologous natural killer cells (SNK01): a phase I study. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 17, 40 (2025).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"997_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000037","volume":"205","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Depletion of NK cells improves cognitive function in the alzheimer disease mouse model. J. Immunol. 205, 502\u2013510 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11558-2","volume":"10","author":"J Deelen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deelen, J. et al. A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies multiple longevity genes. Nat. Commun. 10, 3669 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13932","volume":"22","author":"S Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv, S. et al. ApoE4 exacerbates the senescence of hippocampal neurons and spatial cognitive impairment by downregulating acetyl-CoA level. Aging Cell 22, e13932 (2023).","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"997_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07185-7","volume":"628","author":"MS Haney","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haney, M. S. et al. APOE4\/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer\u2019s disease microglia. Nature 628, 154\u2013161 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3002017","volume":"21","author":"H Yin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yin, H. et al. Loss of the m6A methyltransferase METTL3 in monocyte-derived macrophages ameliorates Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in mice. PLoS Biol. 21, e3002017 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"997_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-210692","volume":"85","author":"HL Sun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sun, H. L. et al. The correlation of tau levels with blood monocyte count in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 85, 1321\u20131328 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"997_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.12.012","volume":"88","author":"SM de la Monte","year":"2014","unstructured":"de la Monte, S. M. & Tong, M. Brain metabolic dysfunction at the core of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biochem. Pharmacol. 88, 548\u2013559 (2014).","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"997_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00376-6","volume":"15","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, W., Zhao, F., Ma, X., Perry, G. & Zhu, X. Mitochondria dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: recent advances. Mol. Neurodegener. 15, 30 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12345","volume":"12","author":"TA Phu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Phu, T. A., Ng, M., Vu, N. K., Gao, A. S. & Raffai, R. L. ApoE expression in macrophages communicates immunometabolic signaling that controls hyperlipidemia-driven hematopoiesis & inflammation via extracellular vesicles. J. Extracell. Vesicles 12, e12345 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Extracell. Vesicles"},{"key":"997_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.05.054","volume":"178","author":"DA Jaitin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jaitin, D. A. et al. Lipid-associated macrophages control metabolic homeostasis in a trem2-dependent manner. Cell 178, 686\u2013698 e614 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46315-7","volume":"15","author":"A Podlesny-Drabiniok","year":"2024","unstructured":"Podlesny-Drabiniok, A. et al. BHLHE40\/41 regulate microglia and peripheral macrophage responses associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other disorders of lipid-rich tissues. Nat. Commun. 15, 2058 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03160-0","volume":"590","author":"PS Minhas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Minhas, P. S. et al. Restoring metabolism of myeloid cells reverses cognitive decline in ageing. Nature 590, 122\u2013128 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16016","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2203-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"JU Johansson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johansson, J. U. et al. Suppression of inflammation with conditional deletion of the prostaglandin E2 EP2 receptor in macrophages and brain microglia. J. Neurosci. 33, 16016\u201316032 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24337","volume":"77","author":"JM Replogle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Replogle, J. M. et al. A TREM1 variant alters the accumulation of Alzheimer-related amyloid pathology. Ann. Neurol. 77, 469\u2013477 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4991","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.10.4991","volume":"164","author":"A Bouchon","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bouchon, A., Dietrich, J. & Colonna, M. Cutting edge: inflammatory responses can be triggered by TREM-1, a novel receptor expressed on neutrophils and monocytes. J. Immunol. 164, 4991\u20134995 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00463","volume":"6","author":"A Wlodarczyk","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wlodarczyk, A. et al. Pathologic and protective roles for microglial subsets and bone marrow- and blood-derived myeloid cells in central nervous system inflammation. Front. Immunol. 6, 463 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0417-y","volume":"20","author":"I Mattiola","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mattiola, I. et al. The macrophage tetraspan MS4A4A enhances dectin-1-dependent NK cell-mediated resistance to metastasis. Nat. Immunol. 20, 1012\u20131022 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36759-8","volume":"14","author":"S Suzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suzzi, S. et al. N-acetylneuraminic acid links immune exhaustion and accelerated memory deficit in diet-induced obese Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. Nat. Commun. 14, 1293 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-021-00236-x","volume":"18","author":"U Munawara","year":"2021","unstructured":"Munawara, U. et al. Hyperactivation of monocytes and macrophages in MCI patients contributes to the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immun. Ageing 18, 29 (2021).","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"997_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-023-00396-y","volume":"20","author":"JJ Young","year":"2023","unstructured":"Young, J. J. et al. Aging gene signature of memory CD8+ T cells is associated with neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immun. Ageing 20, 71 (2023).","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"997_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-143054","volume":"46","author":"A Le Page","year":"2015","unstructured":"Le Page, A. et al. NK cells are activated in amnestic mild cognitive impairment but not in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. J. Alzheimers Dis. 46, 93\u2013107 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"997_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01232-7","volume":"15","author":"Y Sommerer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sommerer, Y. et al. Entorhinal cortex epigenome-wide association study highlights four novel loci showing differential methylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 15, 92 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"997_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.2217\/epi-2020-0236","volume":"12","author":"PD Fransquet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fransquet, P. D. et al. DNA methylation analysis of candidate genes associated with dementia in peripheral blood. Epigenomics 12, 2109\u20132123 (2020).","journal-title":"Epigenomics"},{"key":"997_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14252","volume":"518","author":"E Gjoneska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gjoneska, E. et al. Conserved epigenomic signals in mice and humans reveal immune basis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 518, 365\u2013369 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.01.013","volume":"112","author":"A Ramakrishnan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramakrishnan, A. et al. Epigenetic dysregulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease peripheral immunity. Neuron 112, 1235\u20131248 e1235 (2024).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01208-7","volume":"54","author":"H Holstege","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holstege, H. et al. Exome sequencing identifies rare damaging variants in ATP8B4 and ABCA1 as risk factors for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 54, 1786\u20131794 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016616","volume":"6","author":"X Hu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hu, X. et al. Meta-analysis for genome-wide association study identifies multiple variants at the BIN1 locus associated with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. PLoS One 6, e16616 (2011).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"997_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.07.001","volume":"57","author":"V Tiwari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tiwari, V. et al. Innate immune training restores pro-reparative myeloid functions to promote remyelination in the aged central nervous system. Immunity 57, 2173\u20132190 e2178 (2024).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR171","volume":"12","author":"PD Fransquet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fransquet, P. D. et al. Blood DNA methylation signatures to detect dementia prior to overt clinical symptoms. Alzheimers Dement. 12, e12056 (2020).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"997_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32475-x","volume":"13","author":"TC Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva, T. C. et al. Cross-tissue analysis of blood and brain epigenome-wide association studies in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Commun. 13, 4852 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00921-z","volume":"53","author":"DP Wightman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wightman, D. P. et al. A genome-wide association study with 1,126,563 individuals identifies new risk loci for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 53, 1276\u20131282 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-022-01890-3","volume":"28","author":"R Sherva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sherva, R. et al. African ancestry GWAS of dementia in a large military cohort identifies significant risk loci. Mol. Psychiatry 28, 1293\u20131302 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.11.019","volume":"185","author":"N Piehl","year":"2022","unstructured":"Piehl, N. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid immune dysregulation during healthy brain aging and cognitive impairment. Cell 185, 5028\u20135039 e5013 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-022-01149-1","volume":"54","author":"R Kosoy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kosoy, R. et al. Genetics of the human microglia regulome refines Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk loci. Nat. Genet. 54, 1145\u20131154 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ayata, P. et al. Lymphoid gene expression supports neuroprotective microglia function. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-025-09662-z (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09662-z"},{"key":"997_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abd5575","volume":"6","author":"T Phongpreecha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phongpreecha, T. et al. Single-cell peripheral immunoprofiling of Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s diseases. Sci. Adv. 6, eabd5575 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"997_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-019-0469-0","volume":"11","author":"L Magno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Magno, L. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease phospholipase C-\u03b3-2 (PLCG2) protective variant is a functional hypermorph. Alzheimers Res. Ther. 11, 16 (2019).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res. Ther."},{"key":"997_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00604-9","volume":"18","author":"AM Diks","year":"2023","unstructured":"Diks, A. M. et al. Carriers of the p.P522R variant in PLC\u03b32 have a slightly more responsive immune system. Mol. Neurodegener. 18, 25 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-020-00402-7","volume":"15","author":"M Takalo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takalo, M. et al. The Alzheimer\u2019s disease-associated protective Plc\u03b32-P522R variant promotes immune functions. Mol. Neurodegener. 15, 52 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-020-02138-6","volume":"139","author":"L Kleineidam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kleineidam, L. et al. PLCG2 protective variant p.P522R modulates tau pathology and disease progression in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Acta Neuropathol. 139, 1025\u20131044 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"997_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.08.008","volume":"56","author":"AP Tsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsai, A. P. et al. Genetic variants of phospholipase C-\u03b32 alter the phenotype and function of microglia and confer differential risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Immunity 56, 2121\u20132136 e2126 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-022-01022-0","volume":"14","author":"AP Tsai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsai, A. P. et al. PLCG2 is associated with the inflammatory response and is induced by amyloid plaques in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Genome Med. 14, 17 (2022).","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"997_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3864","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13810","volume":"20","author":"N Tesi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tesi, N. et al. Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 20, 3864\u20133875 (2024).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"997_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01018-7","volume":"10","author":"N Tesi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tesi, N. et al. Immune response and endocytosis pathways are associated with the resilience against Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl. Psychiatry 10, 332 (2020).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13061400","volume":"13","author":"L Berben","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berben, L., Floris, G., Wildiers, H. & Hatse, S. Cancer and aging: two tightly interconnected biological processes. Cancers 13, 1400 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"997_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20411","volume":"539","author":"T Wyss-Coray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wyss-Coray, T. Ageing, neurodegeneration and brain rejuvenation. Nature 539, 180\u2013186 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd.2017.116","volume":"16","author":"BG Childs","year":"2017","unstructured":"Childs, B. G. et al. Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing. Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov. 16, 718\u2013735 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug. Discov."},{"key":"997_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05388-4","volume":"611","author":"TW Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, T. W. et al. Blocking PD-L1-PD-1 improves senescence surveillance and ageing phenotypes. Nature 611, 358\u2013364 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08352-5","volume":"10","author":"N Rosenzweig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosenzweig, N. et al. PD-1\/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade harnesses monocyte-derived macrophages to combat cognitive impairment in a tauopathy mouse model. Nat. Commun. 10, 465 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.12.026","volume":"172","author":"MF Tavazoie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tavazoie, M. F. et al. LXR\/ApoE activation restricts innate immune suppression in cancer. Cell 172, 825\u2013840 e818 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00490-y","volume":"21","author":"F Veglia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Veglia, F., Sanseviero, E. & Gabrilovich, D. I. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the era of increasing myeloid cell diversity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 485\u2013498 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2017.10.009","volume":"94","author":"X Zhan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhan, X. et al. IFN-\u03b3 decreased the suppressive function of CD33+HLA-DRlow myeloid cells through down-regulation of PD-1\/PD-L2 signaling pathway. Mol. Immunol. 94, 107\u2013120 (2018).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18433-4","volume":"8","author":"S Boulakirba","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boulakirba, S. et al. IL-34 and CSF-1 display an equivalent macrophage differentiation ability but a different polarization potential. Sci. Rep. 8, 256 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-20-0917","volume":"19","author":"S Nakajima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nakajima, S. et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy induces IL34 signaling and promotes chemoresistance via tumor-associated macrophage polarization in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Res. 19, 1085\u20131095 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Res."},{"key":"997_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.08.012","volume":"66","author":"C Raggi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Raggi, C. et al. Cholangiocarcinoma stem-like subset shapes tumor-initiating niche by educating associated macrophages. J. Hepatol. 66, 102\u2013115 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"997_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-022-09251-7","volume":"22","author":"K Dong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dong, K. et al. FCER1G positively relates to macrophage infiltration in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and contributes to unfavorable prognosis by regulating tumor immunity. BMC Cancer 22, 140 (2022).","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"997_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.07.013","volume":"182","author":"M Molgora","year":"2020","unstructured":"Molgora, M. et al. TREM2 modulation remodels the tumor myeloid landscape enhancing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Cell 182, 886\u2013900 e817 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.032","volume":"182","author":"Y Katzenelenbogen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Katzenelenbogen, Y. et al. Coupled scRNA-Seq and intracellular protein activity reveal an immunosuppressive role of TREM2 in cancer. Cell 182, 872\u2013885 e819 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202213337","volume":"62","author":"T Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, T. et al. Platinum-based TREM2 inhibitor suppresses tumors by remodeling the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 62, e202213337 (2023).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl."},{"key":"997_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109844","volume":"37","author":"M Binnewies","year":"2021","unstructured":"Binnewies, M. et al. Targeting TREM2 on tumor-associated macrophages enhances immunotherapy. Cell Rep. 37, 109844 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adi5374","volume":"9","author":"B Di Luccia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Luccia, B. et al. TREM2 deficiency reprograms intestinal macrophages and microbiota to enhance anti-PD-1 tumor immunotherapy. Sci. Immunol. 9, eadi5374 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20220654","volume":"220","author":"N Jain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jain, N., Lewis, C. A., Ulrich, J. D. & Holtzman, D. M. Chronic TREM2 activation exacerbates A\u03b2-associated tau seeding and spreading. J. Exp. Med. 220, e20220654 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2347-23.2024","volume":"44","author":"A Etxeberria","year":"2024","unstructured":"Etxeberria, A. et al. Neutral or detrimental effects of TREM2 agonist antibodies in preclinical models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 44, e2347232024 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200785","volume":"217","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Anti-human TREM2 induces microglia proliferation and reduces pathology in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. J. Exp. Med. 217, e20200785 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017742118","volume":"118","author":"DC Ellwanger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ellwanger, D. C. et al. Prior activation state shapes the microglia response to antihuman TREM2 in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 118, e2017742118 (2021).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI167951","volume":"133","author":"A Ajith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ajith, A. et al. Targeting TREM1 augments antitumor T cell immunity by inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and restraining anti-PD-1 resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 133, e167951 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.add9990","volume":"15","author":"V Juric","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juric, V. et al. TREM1 activation of myeloid cells promotes antitumor immunity. Sci. Transl. Med. 15, eadd9990 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"997_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.3VMA0918-375R","volume":"105","author":"S Baruah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baruah, S. et al. TREM-1 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by promoting NOX-dependent superoxide production. J. Leukoc. Biol. 105, 1195\u20131207 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00591-7","volume":"18","author":"A Boufenzer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boufenzer, A. et al. Potentiation of NETs release is novel characteristic of TREM-1 activation and the pharmacological inhibition of TREM-1 could prevent from the deleterious consequences of NETs release in sepsis. Cell Mol. Immunol. 18, 452\u2013460 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00837-1","volume":"23","author":"M Colonna","year":"2023","unstructured":"Colonna, M. The biology of TREM receptors. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 23, 580\u2013594 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02582-z","volume":"19","author":"X Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi, X., Wei, T., Hu, Y., Wang, M. & Tang, Y. The associations between plasma soluble Trem1 and neurological diseases: a mendelian randomization study. J. Neuroinflammation 19, 218 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050715","volume":"202","author":"PC Rodriguez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rodriguez, P. C. et al. Arginase I in myeloid suppressor cells is induced by COX-2 in lung carcinoma. J. Exp. Med. 202, 931\u2013939 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00475","volume":"10","author":"S Tomic","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomic, S. et al. Prostaglanin-E2 potentiates the suppressive functions of human mononuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells and increases their capacity to expand IL-10-producing regulatory T cell subsets. Front. Immunol. 10, 475 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102463","volume":"56","author":"X Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao, X. et al. Inhibition of APOC1 promotes the transformation of M2 into M1 macrophages via the ferroptosis pathway and enhances anti-PD1 immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma based on single-cell RNA sequencing. Redox Biol. 56, 102463 (2022).","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"997_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.05.002","volume":"34","author":"LG Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, L. G., March, Z. M., Stephenson, R. A. & Narayan, P. S. Apolipoprotein E in lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative disease. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 34, 430\u2013445 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"997_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5230","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.70117","volume":"18","author":"B Hui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hui, B. et al. Inhibition of APOE potentiates immune checkpoint therapy for cancer. Int. J. Biol. Sci. 18, 5230\u20135240 (2022).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"997_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.991790","volume":"13","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, X. et al. Tumor Apolipoprotein E is a key checkpoint blocking anti-tumor immunity in mouse melanoma. Front. Immunol. 13, 991790 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)49895-4","volume":"295","author":"DY Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao, D. Y. et al. ACE overexpression in myeloid cells increases oxidative metabolism and cellular ATP. J. Biol. Chem. 295, 1369\u20131384 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"997_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061205","volume":"170","author":"XZ Shen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shen, X. Z. et al. Mice with enhanced macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme are resistant to melanoma. Am. J. Pathol. 170, 2122\u20132134 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"997_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71965","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.18666","volume":"8","author":"M Zamanian-Daryoush","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zamanian-Daryoush, M. et al. Myeloid-specific genetic ablation of ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1 is protective against cancer. Oncotarget 8, 71965\u201371980 (2017).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"997_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI131335","volume":"130","author":"M Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, M. et al. Transcription factor c-Maf is a checkpoint that programs macrophages in lung cancer. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 2081\u20132096 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abg7506","volume":"6","author":"H Moura Silva","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moura Silva, H. et al. c-MAF-dependent perivascular macrophages regulate diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Sci. Immunol. 6, eabg7506 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0224-6","volume":"20","author":"Y Wolf","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wolf, Y., Anderson, A. C. & Kuchroo, V. K. TIM3 comes of age as an inhibitory receptor. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 173\u2013185 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2009.08.006","volume":"130","author":"R Channappanavar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Channappanavar, R., Twardy, B. S., Krishna, P. & Suvas, S. Advancing age leads to predominance of inhibitory receptor expressing CD4 T cells. Mech. Ageing Dev. 130, 709\u2013712 (2009).","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"997_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23260","volume":"66","author":"M Latta-Mahieu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Latta-Mahieu, M. et al. Systemic immune-checkpoint blockade with anti-PD1 antibodies does not alter cerebral amyloid-\u03b2 burden in several amyloid transgenic mouse models. Glia 66, 492\u2013504 (2018).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"997_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.08.006","volume":"73","author":"J Obst","year":"2018","unstructured":"Obst, J., Mancuso, R., Simon, E. & Gomez-Nicola, D. PD-1 deficiency is not sufficient to induce myeloid mobilization to the brain or alter the inflammatory profile during chronic neurodegeneration. Brain Behav. Immun. 73, 708\u2013716 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00377","volume":"11","author":"Y Lin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lin, Y. et al. Chronic PD-1 checkpoint blockade does not affect cognition or promote tau clearance in a tauopathy mouse model. Front. Aging Neurosci. 11, 377 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2021108662","volume":"40","author":"MP Kummer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kummer, M. P. et al. Microglial PD-1 stimulation by astrocytic PD-L1 suppresses neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. EMBO J. 40, e108662 (2021).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"997_CR231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.09.015","volume":"91","author":"Z Xing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xing, Z. et al. Influenza vaccine combined with moderate-dose PD1 blockade reduces amyloid-\u03b2 accumulation and improves cognition in APP\/PS1 mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 91, 128\u2013141 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.05.022","volume":"111","author":"J Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, J. et al. PD-L1\/PD-1 checkpoint pathway regulates hippocampal neuronal excitability and learning and memory behavior. Neuron 111, 2709\u20132726 e2709 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.769229","volume":"9","author":"Y Zou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zou, Y. et al. Programmed cell death protein 1 blockade reduces glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2 activity and tau hyperphosphorylation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 9, 769229 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00726-8","volume":"19","author":"L van Olst","year":"2024","unstructured":"van Olst, L. et al. Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 19, 38 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.842653","volume":"13","author":"C Olingy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Olingy, C. et al. CD33 expression on peripheral blood monocytes predicts efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy against non-small cell lung Cancer. Front. Immunol. 13, 842653 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.10.008","volume":"83","author":"L Bertram","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bertram, L. et al. Genome-wide association analysis reveals putative Alzheimer\u2019s disease susceptibility loci in addition to APOE. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 83, 623\u2013632 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.801","volume":"43","author":"AC Naj","year":"2011","unstructured":"Naj, A. C. et al. Common variants at MS4A4\/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 are associated with late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 43, 436\u2013441 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.04.014","volume":"78","author":"A Griciuc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Griciuc, A. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk gene CD33 inhibits microglial uptake of amyloid \u03b2. Neuron 78, 631\u2013643 (2013).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030399","volume":"12","author":"K Gnoth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gnoth, K. et al. Evidence for enhanced efficacy of passive immunotherapy against \u03b2-amyloid in CD33-negative 5xFAD mice. Biomolecules 12, 399 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"997_CR240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.06.010","volume":"103","author":"A Griciuc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Griciuc, A. et al. TREM2 Acts downstream of CD33 in modulating microglial pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuron 103, 820\u2013835 e827 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"997_CR241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.09.033","volume":"185","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. TREM2 drives microglia response to amyloid-\u03b2 via SYK-dependent and -independent pathways. Cell 185, 4153\u20134169 e4119 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ra38","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2000500","volume":"3","author":"Q Peng","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peng, Q. et al. TREM2- and DAP12-dependent activation of PI3K requires DAP10 and is inhibited by SHIP1. Sci. Signal. 3, ra38 (2010).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"997_CR243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.17.11505","volume":"274","author":"VC Taylor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taylor, V. C. et al. The myeloid-specific sialic acid-binding receptor, CD33, associates with the protein-tyrosine phosphatases, SHP-1 and SHP-2. J. Biol. Chem. 274, 11505\u201311512 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"997_CR244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00443-6","volume":"16","author":"A Bhattacherjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacherjee, A. et al. The CD33 short isoform is a gain-of-function variant that enhances A\u03b2(1-42) phagocytosis in microglia. Mol. Neurodegener. 16, 19 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-024-00734-8","volume":"19","author":"G Eskandari-Sedighi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eskandari-Sedighi, G. et al. Alzheimer\u2019s disease associated isoforms of human CD33 distinctively modulate microglial cell responses in 5XFAD mice. Mol. Neurodegener. 19, 42 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.09.010","volume":"338","author":"A Bhattacherjee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacherjee, A. et al. Increasing phagocytosis of microglia by targeting CD33 with liposomes displaying glycan ligands. J. Control. Release 338, 680\u2013693 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"997_CR247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.04.019","volume":"54","author":"A de Mingo Pulido","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Mingo Pulido, A. et al. The inhibitory receptor TIM-3 limits activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in intra-tumoral dendritic cells by suppressing extracellular DNA uptake. Immunity 54, 1154\u20131167 e1157 (2021).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100643","volume":"207","author":"K Sakuishi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sakuishi, K. et al. Targeting Tim-3 and PD-1 pathways to reverse T cell exhaustion and restore anti-tumor immunity. J. Exp. Med. 207, 2187\u20132194 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR249","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-018-0057-5","volume":"19","author":"O Butovsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Butovsky, O. & Weiner, H. L. Microglial signatures and their role in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 19, 622\u2013635 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR250","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052358","volume":"35","author":"M Colonna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colonna, M. & Butovsky, O. Microglia function in the central nervous system during health and neurodegeneration. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 35, 441\u2013468 (2017).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR251","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2777-8","volume":"586","author":"A Badimon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Badimon, A. et al. Negative feedback control of neuronal activity by microglia. Nature 586, 417\u2013423 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR252","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01750-3","volume":"17","author":"KK Bawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bawa, K. K. et al. A peripheral neutrophil-related inflammatory factor predicts a decline in executive function in mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Neuroinflammation 17, 84 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"997_CR253","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550160069041","volume":"278","author":"LA Farrer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Farrer, L. A. et al. Effects of age, sex, and ethnicity on the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and Alzheimer disease. A meta-analysis. APOE and Alzheimer Disease Meta Analysis Consortium. JAMA 278, 1349\u20131356 (1997).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"997_CR254","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8346443","volume":"261","author":"EH Corder","year":"1993","unstructured":"Corder, E. H. et al. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease in late onset families. Science 261, 921\u2013923 (1993).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR255","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.5.1977","volume":"90","author":"WJ Strittmatter","year":"1993","unstructured":"Strittmatter, W. J. et al. Apolipoprotein E: high-avidity binding to \u03b2-amyloid and increased frequency of type 4 allele in late-onset familial Alzheimer disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 1977\u20131981 (1993).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR256","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10914","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.18.10914","volume":"95","author":"J Raber","year":"1998","unstructured":"Raber, J. et al. Isoform-specific effects of human apolipoprotein E on brain function revealed in ApoE knockout mice: increased susceptibility of females. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 95, 10914\u201310919 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR257","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41774","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.407957","volume":"287","author":"KL Youmans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Youmans, K. L. et al. APOE4-specific changes in A\u03b2 accumulation in a new transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J. Biol. Chem. 287, 41774\u201341786 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"997_CR258","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.12.005","volume":"19","author":"S Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. The host shapes the gut microbiota via fecal MicroRNA. Cell Host Microbe 19, 32\u201343 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"997_CR259","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0296-9","volume":"22","author":"S Parhizkar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parhizkar, S. et al. Loss of TREM2 function increases amyloid seeding but reduces plaque-associated ApoE. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 191\u2013204 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR260","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.023","volume":"170","author":"TK Ulland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ulland, T. K. et al. TREM2 maintains microglial metabolic fitness in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cell 170, 649\u2013663 e613 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR261","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.049","volume":"160","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. TREM2 lipid sensing sustains the microglial response in an Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Cell 160, 1061\u20131071 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR262","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.07.014","volume":"55","author":"MA Margeta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Margeta, M. A. et al. Apolipoprotein E4 impairs the response of neurodegenerative retinal microglia and prevents neuronal loss in glaucoma. Immunity 55, 1627\u20131644 e1627 (2022).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR263","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0091-5","volume":"19","author":"H Lund","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lund, H. et al. Fatal demyelinating disease is induced by monocyte-derived macrophages in the absence of TGF-\u03b2 signaling. Nat. Immunol. 19, 1\u20137 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR264","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13557","volume":"168","author":"R Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang, R. et al. Fc Fragment of IgE Receptor Ig (FCER1G) acts as a key gene involved in cancer immune infiltration and tumour microenvironment. Immunology 168, 302\u2013319 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"997_CR265","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5647","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97570","volume":"128","author":"HM Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen, H. M. et al. Blocking immunoinhibitory receptor LILRB2 reprograms tumor-associated myeloid cells and promotes antitumor immunity. J. Clin. Invest. 128, 5647\u20135662 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR266","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-022-00550-y","volume":"17","author":"P Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, P. et al. LILRB2-mediated TREM2 signaling inhibition suppresses microglia functions. Mol. Neurodegener. 17, 44 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR267","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28641","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.45.28641","volume":"271","author":"WY Zhang","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zhang, W. Y., Gaynor, P. M. & Kruth, H. S. Apolipoprotein E produced by human monocyte-derived macrophages mediates cholesterol efflux that occurs in the absence of added cholesterol acceptors. J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28641\u201328646 (1996).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"997_CR268","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01665.x","volume":"109","author":"C Tenger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tenger, C. & Zhou, X. Apolipoprotein E modulates immune activation by acting on the antigen-presenting cell. Immunology 109, 392\u2013397 (2003).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"997_CR269","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05322-1","volume":"9","author":"F Bonacina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bonacina, F. et al. Myeloid apolipoprotein E controls dendritic cell antigen presentation and T cell activation. Nat. Commun. 9, 3083 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR270","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01640-9","volume":"24","author":"CC Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, C. C. et al. Cell-autonomous effects of APOE4 in restricting microglial response in brain homeostasis and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Immunol. 24, 1854\u20131866 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR271","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108572","volume":"34","author":"G Qi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qi, G. et al. ApoE4 impairs neuron-astrocyte coupling of fatty acid metabolism. Cell Rep. 34, 108572 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR272","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15175","volume":"157","author":"F Brosseron","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brosseron, F. et al. Interrelations of Alzheimer s disease candidate biomarkers neurogranin, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and ferritin to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. J. Neurochem. 157, 2210\u20132224 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"997_CR273","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142322","volume":"212","author":"TR Jay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jay, T. R. et al. TREM2 deficiency eliminates TREM2+ inflammatory macrophages and ameliorates pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. J. Exp. Med. 212, 287\u2013295 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"997_CR274","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0433-0","volume":"22","author":"CEG Leyns","year":"2019","unstructured":"Leyns, C. E. G. et al. TREM2 function impedes tau seeding in neuritic plaques. Nat. Neurosci. 22, 1217\u20131222 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"997_CR275","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52540-x","volume":"15","author":"AA Siddiqui","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siddiqui, A. A. et al. Cathepsin B promotes A\u03b2 proteotoxicity by modulating aging regulating mechanisms. Nat. Commun. 15, 8564 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR276","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-017-0184-x","volume":"12","author":"AG Efthymiou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Efthymiou, A. G. & Goate, A. M. Late onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics implicates microglial pathways in disease risk. Mol. Neurodegener. 12, 43 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR277","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.865020","volume":"13","author":"C Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. MS4A6A is a new prognostic biomarker produced by macrophages in glioma patients. Front. Immunol. 13, 865020 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR278","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2023.01.012","volume":"18","author":"M de Majo","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Majo, M. et al. Granulin loss of function in human mature brain organoids implicates astrocytes in TDP-43 pathology. Stem Cell Rep. 18, 706\u2013719 (2023).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rep."},{"key":"997_CR279","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809711","volume":"11","author":"JK de G\u00f6tzl","year":"2019","unstructured":"G\u00f6tzl, J. K. et al. Opposite microglial activation stages upon loss of PGRN or TREM2 result in reduced cerebral glucose metabolism. EMBO Mol. Med. 11, e9711 (2019).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"997_CR280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3672","volume":"20","author":"SS Minami","year":"2014","unstructured":"Minami, S. S. et al. Progranulin protects against amyloid \u03b2 deposition and toxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. Nat. Med. 20, 1157\u20131164 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"997_CR281","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.11.015","volume":"43","author":"H Rhinn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rhinn, H., Tatton, N., McCaughey, S., Kurnellas, M. & Rosenthal, A. Progranulin as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 43, 641\u2013652 (2022).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"997_CR282","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201809712","volume":"10","author":"M Suarez-Calvet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Suarez-Calvet, M. et al. CSF progranulin increases in the course of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and is associated with sTREM2, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. EMBO Mol. Med. 10, e9712 (2018).","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"997_CR283","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12851","volume":"19","author":"J Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, J. et al. Blood levels of MCP-1 modulate the genetic risks of Alzheimer\u2019s disease mediated by HLA-DRB1 and APOE for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 19, 1925\u20131937 (2023).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"997_CR284","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0912461","volume":"93","author":"CP Verschoor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verschoor, C. P. et al. Blood CD33+HLA-DR\u2212 myeloid-derived suppressor cells are increased with age and a history of cancer. J. Leukoc. Biol. 93, 633\u2013637 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR285","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1396","volume":"7","author":"Y Gu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gu, Y. et al. RhoH GTPase recruits and activates Zap70 required for T cell receptor signaling and thymocyte development. Nat. Immunol. 7, 1182\u20131190 (2006).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR286","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa300","volume":"60","author":"T Katsuyama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katsuyama, T., Li, H., Krishfield, S. M., Kyttaris, V. C. & Moulton, V. R. Splicing factor SRSF1 limits IFN-\u03b3 production via RhoH and ameliorates experimental nephritis. Rheumatology 60, 420\u2013429 (2021).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"997_CR287","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2022.09.013","volume":"55","author":"JA Hall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hall, J. A. et al. Transcription factor RORalpha enforces stability of the TH17 cell effector program by binding to a Rorc cis-regulatory element. Immunity 55, 2027\u20132043 e2029 (2022).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR288","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.15","volume":"94","author":"R Cornely","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cornely, R. et al. Annexin A6 regulates interleukin-2-mediated T-cell proliferation. Immunol. Cell Biol. 94, 543\u2013553 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"997_CR289","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.09.015","volume":"1813","author":"C Enrich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Enrich, C. et al. Annexin A6-Linking Ca2+ signaling with cholesterol transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1813, 935\u2013947 (2011).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"997_CR290","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.06.005","volume":"186","author":"J Baggen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baggen, J. et al. TMEM106B is a receptor mediating ACE2-independent SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. Cell 186, 3427\u20133442 e3422 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"997_CR291","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00650-3","volume":"18","author":"JY Lee","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee, J. Y. et al. The major TMEM106B dementia risk allele affects TMEM106B protein levels, fibril formation, and myelin lipid homeostasis in the ageing human hippocampus. Mol. Neurodegener. 18, 63 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR292","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.91392.3","volume":"12","author":"RM Thomas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas, R. M. et al. Foxp3 depends on Ikaros for control of regulatory T cell gene expression and function. eLife 12, e91392 (2024).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"997_CR293","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-023-02670-1","volume":"147","author":"E Fazeli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fazeli, E. et al. A familial missense variant in the Alzheimer\u2019s disease gene SORL1 impairs its maturation and endosomal sorting. Acta Neuropathol. 147, 20 (2024).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"997_CR294","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.10.2918.bloodjournal85102918","volume":"85","author":"HM Chen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chen, H. M. et al. Neutrophils and monocytes express high levels of PU.1 (Spi-1) but not Spi-B. Blood 85, 2918\u20132928 (1995).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"997_CR295","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.5.1576","volume":"92","author":"KL Anderson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Anderson, K. L., Smith, K. A., Pio, F., Torbett, B. E. & Maki, R. A. Neutrophils deficient in PU.1 do not terminally differentiate or become functionally competent. Blood 92, 1576\u20131585 (1998).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"997_CR296","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2456","volume":"14","author":"J Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang, J., Shiratori, I., Uehori, J., Ikawa, M. & Arase, H. Neutrophil infiltration during inflammation is regulated by PILRalpha via modulation of integrin activation. Nat. Immunol. 14, 34\u201340 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR297","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22973-9","volume":"12","author":"R Grieshaber-Bouyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grieshaber-Bouyer, R. et al. The neutrotime transcriptional signature defines a single continuum of neutrophils across biological compartments. Nat. Commun. 12, 2856 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR298","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6298","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.092327399","volume":"99","author":"M van Eck","year":"2002","unstructured":"van Eck, M. et al. Leukocyte ABCA1 controls susceptibility to atherosclerosis and macrophage recruitment into tissues. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6298\u20136303 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR299","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac189","volume":"119","author":"M Yalcinkaya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yalcinkaya, M. et al. Cholesterol accumulation in macrophages drives NETosis in atherosclerotic plaques via IL-1\u03b2 secretion. Cardiovasc. Res. 119, 969\u2013981 (2023).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"997_CR300","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.113","volume":"7","author":"P Cunin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cunin, P. et al. Clusterin facilitates apoptotic cell clearance and prevents apoptotic cell-induced autoimmune responses. Cell Death Dis. 7, e2215 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"997_CR301","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2014.119537","volume":"100","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ishikawa, Y. et al. Role of the clathrin adaptor PICALM in normal hematopoiesis and polycythemia vera pathophysiology. Haematologica 100, 439\u2013451 (2015).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"997_CR302","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-5890(98)00058-3","volume":"35","author":"BJ Swanson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Swanson, B. J., Jack, H. M. & Lyons, G. E. Characterization of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) expression in B and T cells: MEF2C is a B cell-restricted transcription factor in lymphocytes. Mol. Immunol. 35, 445\u2013458 (1998).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR303","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17067","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804868105","volume":"105","author":"D Khiem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Khiem, D., Cyster, J. G., Schwarz, J. J. & Black, B. L. A p38 MAPK-MEF2C pathway regulates B-cell proliferation. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 17067\u201317072 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR304","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1609","volume":"9","author":"PR Wilker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wilker, P. R. et al. Transcription factor Mef2c is required for B cell proliferation and survival after antigen receptor stimulation. Nat. Immunol. 9, 603\u2013612 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR305","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1694","volume":"10","author":"S Stehling-Sun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stehling-Sun, S., Dade, J., Nutt, S. L., DeKoter, R. P. & Camargo, F. D. Regulation of lymphoid versus myeloid fate \u2018choice\u2019 by the transcription factor Mef2c. Nat. Immunol. 10, 289\u2013296 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR306","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5446.1949","volume":"286","author":"R Pappu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pappu, R. et al. Requirement for B cell linker protein (BLNK) in B cell development. Science 286, 1949\u20131954 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR307","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5446.1954","volume":"286","author":"Y Minegishi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Minegishi, Y. et al. An essential role for BLNK in human B cell development. Science 286, 1954\u20131957 (1999).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR308","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14231","volume":"521","author":"Z Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, Z. et al. Signalling thresholds and negative B-cell selection in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature 521, 357\u2013361 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"997_CR309","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.3390\/genes14101845","volume":"14","author":"EO Olufunmilayo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Olufunmilayo, E. O. & Holsinger, R. M. D. INPP5D\/SHIP1: expression, regulation and roles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology. Genes 14, 1845 (2023).","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"997_CR310","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29835-y","volume":"13","author":"MFM de Rooij","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Rooij, M. F. M. et al. A loss-of-adhesion CRISPR\u2013Cas9 screening platform to identify cell adhesion-regulatory proteins and signaling pathways. Nat. Commun. 13, 2136 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR311","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/76882","volume":"1","author":"R Guinamard","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guinamard, R., Okigaki, M., Schlessinger, J. & Ravetch, J. V. Absence of marginal zone B cells in Pyk-2-deficient mice defines their role in the humoral response. Nat. Immunol. 1, 31\u201336 (2000).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR312","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2023.109713","volume":"745","author":"B Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, B. et al. Comprehensive analysis of hub biomarkers associated with immune and oxidative stress in Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 745, 109713 (2023).","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"997_CR313","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2013.086652","volume":"99","author":"AN Kremer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kremer, A. N. et al. Development of a coordinated allo T cell and auto B cell response against autosomal PTK2B after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 99, 365\u2013369 (2014).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"997_CR314","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-002-0994-9","volume":"161","author":"M Milili","year":"2002","unstructured":"Milili, M. et al. A new case of autosomal recessive a\u03b3globulinaemia with impaired pre-B cell differentiation due to a large deletion of the IGH locus. Eur. J. Pediatr. 161, 479\u2013484 (2002).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pediatr."},{"key":"997_CR315","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-017-0454-y","volume":"38","author":"MHD Schoenaker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schoenaker, M. H. D. et al. Immunodeficiency in Bloom\u2019s syndrome. J. Clin. Immunol. 38, 35\u201344 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR316","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00638","volume":"9","author":"M Gunasekaran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gunasekaran, M. et al. Immunization elicits antigen-specific antibody sequestration in dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons. Front. Immunol. 9, 638 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR317","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232884","volume":"15","author":"A Hata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hata, A. et al. Differential gene analysis during the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine orthotopic lung transplantation model: a comprehensive transcriptome-based analysis. PLoS ONE 15, e0232884 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"997_CR318","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.05.001","volume":"44","author":"AC Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson, A. C., Joller, N. & Kuchroo, V. K. Lag-3, Tim-3, and TIGIT: co-inhibitory receptors with specialized functions in immune regulation. Immunity 44, 989\u20131004 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"997_CR319","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-06-360321","volume":"119","author":"MK Gleason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gleason, M. K. et al. Tim-3 is an inducible human natural killer cell receptor that enhances interferon \u03b3 production in response to galectin-9. Blood 119, 3064\u20133072 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"997_CR320","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3734","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-11-392951","volume":"119","author":"LC Ndhlovu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ndhlovu, L. C. et al. Tim-3 marks human natural killer cell maturation and suppresses cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Blood 119, 3734\u20133743 (2012).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"997_CR321","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2019.03.001","volume":"224","author":"EC So","year":"2019","unstructured":"So, E. C. et al. NK cell expression of Tim-3: first impressions matter. Immunobiology 224, 362\u2013370 (2019).","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"997_CR322","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11947-7","volume":"10","author":"C Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, C. et al. Heterogeneity of human bone marrow and blood natural killer cells defined by single-cell transcriptome. Nat. Commun. 10, 3931 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR323","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201848075","volume":"49","author":"L Mazzurana","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazzurana, L. et al. Suppression of Aiolos and Ikaros expression by lenalidomide reduces human ILC3-ILC1\/NK cell transdifferentiation. Eur. J. Immunol. 49, 1344\u20131355 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR324","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.791220","volume":"12","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Tcf1 sustains the expression of multiple regulators in promoting early natural killer cell development. Front. Immunol. 12, 791220 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR325","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277830","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2023.1277830","volume":"10","author":"A Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, A. et al. Comprehensive pan-cancer investigation: unraveling the oncogenic, prognostic, and immunological significance of Abelson interactor family member 3 gene in human malignancies. Front. Mol. Biosci. 10, 1277830 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"997_CR326","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2021-001224","volume":"7","author":"YE Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho, Y. E. et al. Circulating immune cell landscape in patients who had mild ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc. Neurol. 7, 319\u2013327 (2022).","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR327","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.114.305071","volume":"35","author":"T Ebrahimian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ebrahimian, T. et al. Absence of four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 decreases atherosclerosis in ApoE\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 35, 1190\u20131197 (2015).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR328","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094931","volume":"9","author":"K Kurakula","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kurakula, K. et al. The LIM-only protein FHL2 reduces vascular lesion formation involving inhibition of proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. PLoS ONE 9, e94931 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"997_CR329","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2011.09.003","volume":"167","author":"S Dong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dong, S. et al. Estrogen-like activity and dual roles in cell signaling of an agaricus blazei murrill mycelia-dikaryon extract. Microbiol. Res. 167, 231\u2013237 (2012).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"997_CR330","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.141705","volume":"27","author":"MY Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee, M. Y. et al. Genomic changes in regenerated porcine coronary arterial endothelial cells. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 27, 2443\u20132449 (2007).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR331","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011080851","volume":"23","author":"C Schrimpf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schrimpf, C. et al. Pericyte TIMP3 and ADAMTS1 modulate vascular stability after kidney injury. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23, 868\u2013883 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"997_CR332","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5270","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601400","volume":"25","author":"NV Lee","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lee, N. V. et al. ADAMTS1 mediates the release of antiangiogenic polypeptides from TSP1 and 2. EMBO J. 25, 5270\u20135283 (2006).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"997_CR333","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1181510","volume":"14","author":"Y Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin, Y. et al. Identification and validation of potential hypoxia-related genes associated with coronary artery disease. Front. Physiol. 14, 1181510 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"997_CR334","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312665","volume":"39","author":"HL Spencer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spencer, H. L. et al. Role of TPBG (trophoblast glycoprotein) antigen in human pericyte migratory and angiogenic activity. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 39, 1113\u20131124 (2019).","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR335","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.12.009","volume":"32","author":"Z Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, Z. et al. The cerebral cavernous malformation pathway controls cardiac development via regulation of endocardial MEKK3 signaling and KLF expression. Dev. Cell 32, 168\u2013180 (2015).","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"997_CR336","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.038083","volume":"72","author":"JS Richards","year":"2005","unstructured":"Richards, J. S. et al. Regulated expression of ADAMTS family members in follicles and cumulus oocyte complexes: evidence for specific and redundant patterns during ovulation. Biol. Reprod. 72, 1241\u20131255 (2005).","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"997_CR337","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2756","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2756","volume":"94","author":"F Diet","year":"1996","unstructured":"Diet, F. et al. Increased accumulation of tissue ACE in human atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Circulation 94, 2756\u20132767 (1996).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"997_CR338","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116325","volume":"91","author":"H Urata","year":"1993","unstructured":"Urata, H. et al. Cellular localization and regional distribution of an angiotensin II-forming chymase in the heart. J. Clin. Invest. 91, 1269\u20131281 (1993).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"997_CR339","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.304382","volume":"115","author":"X Ren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ren, X. et al. FOXF1 transcription factor is required for formation of embryonic vasculature by regulating VEGF signaling in endothelial cells. Circ. Res. 115, 709\u2013720 (2014).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"997_CR340","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ra40","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aad1899","volume":"9","author":"Y Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai, Y. et al. FOXF1 maintains endothelial barrier function and prevents edema after lung injury. Sci. Signal. 9, ra40 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"997_CR341","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-019-0358-2","volume":"51","author":"BW Kunkle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kunkle, B. W. et al. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer\u2019s disease identifies new risk loci and implicates A\u03b2, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat. Genet. 51, 414\u2013430 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR342","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2802","volume":"45","author":"JC Lambert","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lambert, J. C. et al. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Genet. 45, 1452\u20131458 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"997_CR343","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21823-y","volume":"12","author":"G Novikova","year":"2021","unstructured":"Novikova, G. et al. Integration of Alzheimer\u2019s disease genetics and myeloid genomics identifies disease risk regulatory elements and genes. Nat. Commun. 12, 1610 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR344","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0523-8","volume":"10","author":"KE Tansey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tansey, K. E., Cameron, D. & Hill, M. J. Genetic risk for Alzheimer\u2019s disease is concentrated in specific macrophage and microglial transcriptional networks. Genome Med. 10, 14 (2018).","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"997_CR345","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aax9198","volume":"366","author":"M Uhlen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uhlen, M. et al. A genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of protein-coding genes in human blood cells. Science 366, eaax9198 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"997_CR346","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02024-7","volume":"12","author":"H Targa Dias Anastacio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Targa Dias Anastacio, H., Matosin, N. & Ooi, L. Neuronal hyperexcitability in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: what are the drivers behind this aberrant phenotype? Transl. Psychiatry 12, 257 (2022).","journal-title":"Transl. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR347","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a009886","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a009886","volume":"4","author":"HY Zoghbi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zoghbi, H. Y. & Bear, M. F. Synaptic dysfunction in neurodevelopmental disorders associated with autism and intellectual disabilities. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 4, a009886 (2012).","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"997_CR348","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-20-3929","volume":"81","author":"SB Kemp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kemp, S. B. et al. Apolipoprotein E promotes immune suppression in pancreatic cancer through NF-kappaB-mediated production of CXCL1. Cancer Res. 81, 4305\u20134318 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"997_CR349","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00162","volume":"10","author":"CS Forconi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Forconi, C. S. et al. A new hope for CD56(neg)CD16(pos) NK cells as unconventional cytotoxic mediators: an adaptation to chronic diseases. Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol. 10, 162 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"997_CR350","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-024-03655-z","volume":"73","author":"T Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, T. et al. PGRN inhibits CD8+ T cell recruitment and promotes breast cancer progression by up-regulating ICAM-1 on TAM. Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 73, 76 (2024).","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"997_CR351","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-013-1286-4","volume":"70","author":"J Pillay","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pillay, J., Tak, T., Kamp, V. M. & Koenderman, L. Immune suppression by neutrophils and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells: similarities and differences. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 70, 3813\u20133827 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"997_CR352","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1539","volume":"8","author":"MJ McGeachy","year":"2007","unstructured":"McGeachy, M. J. et al. TGF-\u03b2 and IL-6 drive the production of IL-17 and IL-10 by T cells and restrain TH17 cell-mediated pathology. Nat. Immunol. 8, 1390\u20131397 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"997_CR353","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-02387-3","volume":"29","author":"D Hayek","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayek, D. et al. Different inflammatory signatures based on CSF biomarkers relate to preserved or diminished brain structure and cognition. Mol. Psychiatry 29, 992\u20131004 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"997_CR354","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.35648","volume":"5","author":"J Luo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luo, J., Thomassen, J. Q., Nordestgaard, B. G., Tybjaerg-Hansen, A. & Frikke-Schmidt, R. Blood leukocyte counts in Alzheimer disease. JAMA Netw. Open. 5, e2235648 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open."},{"key":"997_CR355","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-34012-2","volume":"13","author":"NH Mehta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehta, N. H. et al. Peripheral immune cell imbalance is associated with cortical \u03b2-amyloid deposition and longitudinal cognitive decline. Sci. Rep. 13, 8847 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR356","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1159\/000341583","volume":"34","author":"ME Kuyumcu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kuyumcu, M. E. et al. The evaluation of neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord. 34, 69\u201374 (2012).","journal-title":"Dement. Geriatr. Cogn. Disord."},{"key":"997_CR357","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.05.005","volume":"273","author":"A Rembach","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rembach, A. et al. An increased neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio in Alzheimer\u2019s disease is a function of age and is weakly correlated with neocortical amyloid accumulation. J. Neuroimmunol. 273, 65\u201371 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"997_CR358","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-024-00435-2","volume":"21","author":"T Jacobs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jacobs, T. et al. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people. Immun. Ageing 21, 32 (2024).","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"997_CR359","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2020.101130","volume":"62","author":"CY Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu, C. Y. et al. Neutrophil activation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of protein markers in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Ageing Res. Rev. 62, 101130 (2020).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"997_CR360","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3166","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093166","volume":"13","author":"J Gudden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gudden, J., Arias Vasquez, A. & Bloemendaal, M. The effects of intermittent fasting on brain and cognitive function. Nutrients 13, 3166 (2021).","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"997_CR361","first-page":"411","volume":"15","author":"AD Holec","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holec, A. D., Mandal, S., Prathipati, P. K. & Destache, C. J. Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a thorough review, present status and future perspective as HIV therapeutics. Curr. Hiv. Res. 15, 411\u2013421 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Hiv. Res."},{"key":"997_CR362","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2024.112458","volume":"192","author":"D Wahl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wahl, D., Grant, R. A. & LaRocca, T. J. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC modulates hippocampal transcriptome signatures of inflammation in tauopathy model mice. Exp. Gerontol. 192, 112458 (2024).","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"997_CR363","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13798","volume":"22","author":"D Wahl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wahl, D. et al. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC protects against age-related cognitive dysfunction. Aging Cell 22, e13798 (2023).","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"997_CR364","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-025-00828-x","volume":"20","author":"MR Duggan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Duggan, M. R. et al. Immune modulation to treat Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 20, 39 (2025).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR365","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70180","volume":"21","author":"J de Magagnoli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Magagnoli, J. et al. Association of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor use with reduced risk of Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk. Alzheimers Dement. 21, e70180 (2025).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"997_CR366","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11144","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311144","volume":"24","author":"L Valles-Saiz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Valles-Saiz, L., Avila, J. & Hernandez, F. Lamivudine (3TC), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, prevents the neuropathological alterations present in mutant tau transgenic mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 24, 11144 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"997_CR367","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2021.102181","volume":"208","author":"P Ramirez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ramirez, P. et al. Pathogenic tau accelerates aging-associated activation of transposable elements in the mouse central nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 208, 102181 (2022).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"997_CR368","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ramirez, P. et al. Nanopore-based DNA long-read sequencing analysis of the aged human brain. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.02.01.578450 (2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.02.01.578450"},{"key":"997_CR369","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2018.05.008","volume":"73","author":"N Rueda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rueda, N. et al. Anti-IL17 treatment ameliorates down syndrome phenotypes in mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 73, 235\u2013251 (2018).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR370","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69347","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12469","volume":"7","author":"H Baek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baek, H. et al. Neuroprotective effects of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in a 3xTg-AD Alzheimer\u2019s disease model. Oncotarget 7, 69347\u201369357 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"997_CR371","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa112","volume":"2","author":"A Faridar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Faridar, A. et al. Restoring regulatory T-cell dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease through ex vivo expansion. Brain Commun. 2, fcaa112 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"997_CR372","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45433-3","volume":"9","author":"F Ciccocioppo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ciccocioppo, F. et al. The characterization of regulatory T-cell profiles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multiple sclerosis. Sci. Rep. 9, 8788 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR373","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2309221120","volume":"120","author":"JR Lopes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopes, J. R. et al. Nasal administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody ameliorates disease in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2309221120 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR374","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-023-00387-5","volume":"12","author":"A Faridar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Faridar, A. et al. A phase 1 open-label pilot study of low-dose interleukine-2 immunotherapy in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Transl. Neurodegener. 12, 54 (2023).","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"997_CR375","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21340","volume":"63","author":"D Frenkel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frenkel, D. et al. A nasal proteosome adjuvant activates microglia and prevents amyloid deposition. Ann. Neurol. 63, 591\u2013601 (2008).","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"997_CR376","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1215165110","volume":"110","author":"JP Michaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michaud, J. P. et al. Toll-like receptor 4 stimulation with the detoxified ligand monophosphoryl lipid a improves Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related pathology. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 1941\u20131946 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"997_CR377","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3030","volume":"4","author":"D Frenkel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frenkel, D. et al. Scara1 deficiency impairs clearance of soluble amyloid-\u03b2 by mononuclear phagocytes and accelerates Alzheimer\u2019s-like disease progression. Nat. Commun. 4, 2030 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR378","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41802","volume":"7","author":"T Harach","year":"2017","unstructured":"Harach, T. et al. Reduction of A\u03b2 amyloid pathology in APPPS1 transgenic mice in the absence of gut microbiota. Sci. Rep. 7, 41802 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR379","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30028","volume":"6","author":"MR Minter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minter, M. R. et al. Antibiotic-induced perturbations in gut microbial diversity influences neuro-inflammation and amyloidosis in a murine model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Sci. Rep. 6, 30028 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"997_CR380","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.09.002","volume":"98","author":"N Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, N. et al. Transplantation of gut microbiota derived from Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model impairs memory function and neurogenesis in C57BL\/6 mice. Brain Behav. Immun. 98, 357\u2013365 (2021).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"997_CR381","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2016.08.019","volume":"49","author":"A Cattaneo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cattaneo, A. et al. Association of brain amyloidosis with pro-inflammatory gut bacterial taxa and peripheral inflammation markers in cognitively impaired elderly. Neurobiol. Aging 49, 60\u201368 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"997_CR382","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47683-w","volume":"15","author":"C Wasen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wasen, C. et al. Bacteroidota inhibit microglia clearance of amyloid-\u03b2 and promote plaque deposition in Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse models. Nat. Commun. 15, 3872 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"997_CR383","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300060520925930","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060520925930","volume":"48","author":"S Hazan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hazan, S. Rapid improvement in Alzheimer\u2019s disease symptoms following fecal microbiota transplantation: a case report. J. Int. Med. Res. 48, 300060520925930 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Int. Med. Res."},{"key":"997_CR384","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1957807","volume":"37","author":"SH Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, S. H. et al. Cognitive function improvement after fecal microbiota transplantation in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia patient: a case report. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 37, 1739\u20131744 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"997_CR385","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6449","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204230","volume":"14","author":"SH Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, S. H. et al. Fecal microbiota transplantation can improve cognition in patients with cognitive decline and Clostridioides difficile infection. Aging 14, 6449\u20136466 (2022).","journal-title":"Aging"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-025-00997-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-025-00997-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-025-00997-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T13:02:44Z","timestamp":1771851764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-025-00997-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":385,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["997"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-025-00997-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-003X","1471-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-003X","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"O.B. is the inventor of patent no. WO2021195431A1, which was held by Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and General Biophysics for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. O.B. and N.R. are the co-inventors of patent no. WO2024073372A2, which is held by Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital and the Regents of the University of California, and uses anti-ITGB8 antibodies to treat neurodegenerative diseases. O.B. is a cofounder on the scientific advisory board of Glial Therapeutics, collaborates with GSK and Regulus Therapeutics, has research funding from Sanofi and GSK, and consults for\/has received honoraria from UCB, Camp4, Ono Pharma USA and General Biophysics. O.B. has a financial interest in Glial Therapeutics, a company developing a new therapy to target ITGB8\u2013TGF\u03b2 signalling to treat Alzheimer\u2019s disease. O.B.\u2019s interests were reviewed and managed by BWH and Mass General Brigham, in accordance with their conflict-of-interest policies. N.R. is the inventor of intellectual property WO2017042633A3, which forms the basis for developing PD-L1 immunotherapy for AD.\u00a0The other\u00a0authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}