{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T03:20:29Z","timestamp":1793503229694,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Rheumatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-020-00541-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T17:04:39Z","timestamp":1607447079000},"page":"17-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":311,"title":["Persistent inflammatory and non-inflammatory mechanisms in refractory rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8962-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maya H.","family":"Buch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Eyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"McGonagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"541_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.8","volume":"11","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smolen, J. S. & Aletaha, D. Rheumatoid arthritis therapy reappraisal: strategies, opportunities and challenges. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 11, 276\u2013289 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2017-212862","volume":"77","author":"MH Buch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buch, M. H. Defining refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 77, 966\u2013999 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR3","first-page":"1135","volume":"57","author":"MJH de Hair","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Hair, M. J. H., Jacobs, J. W. G., Schoneveld, J. L. M. & van Laar, J. M. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: an area of unmet clinical need. Rheumatology 57, 1135\u20131144 (2018).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217344","author":"G Nagy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagy, G. et al. EULAR definition of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217344 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213687","volume":"77","author":"NMT Roodenrijs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roodenrijs, N. M. T. et al. Characteristics of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: results of an international survey. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 77, 1705\u20131709 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)62665-2","volume":"63","author":"SE Gabriel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gabriel, S. E. & Luthra, H. S. Rheumatoid arthritis: can the long-term outcome be altered? Mayo Clin. Proc. 63, 58\u201368 (1988).","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"541_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20982","volume":"52","author":"JS Smolen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smolen, J. S. et al. Evidence of radiographic benefit of treatment with infliximab plus methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients who had no clinical improvement: a detailed subanalysis of data from the anti-tumor necrosis factor trial in rheumatoid arthritis with concomitant therapy study. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 1020\u20131030 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken261","volume":"47","author":"MH Buch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Buch, M. H. et al. The value of synovial cytokine expression in predicting the clinical response to TNF antagonist therapy (infliximab). Rheumatology 47, 1469\u20131475 (2008).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)12004-9","volume":"352","author":"D McGonagle","year":"1998","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Gibbon, W. & Emery, P. Classification of inflammatory arthritis by enthesitis. Lancet 352, 1137\u20131140 (1998).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10747","volume":"48","author":"PG Conaghan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conaghan, P. G. et al. Elucidation of the relationship between synovitis and bone damage: a randomized magnetic resonance imaging study of individual joints in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 64\u201371 (2003).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23945","volume":"58","author":"AK Brown","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brown, A. K. et al. An explanation for the apparent dissociation between clinical remission and continued structural deterioration in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 2958\u20132967 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201506","volume":"72","author":"YC Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, Y. C. et al. Incidence and predictors of secondary fibromyalgia in an early arthritis cohort. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 72, 949\u2013954 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0525-5","volume":"17","author":"N Joharatnam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Joharatnam, N. et al. A cross-sectional study of pain sensitivity, disease-activity assessment, mental health, and fibromyalgia status in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 17, 11 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110072","volume":"39","author":"E Ton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ton, E. et al. Look beyond the disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS28): tender points influence the DAS28 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheumatol. 39, 22\u201327 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.23284","volume":"70","author":"RJO Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira, R. J. O. et al. Suppressing inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: does patient global assessment blur the target? A practice-based call for a paradigm change. Arthritis Care Res. 70, 369\u2013378 (2018).","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res."},{"key":"541_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201519","volume":"71","author":"P Studenic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Studenic, P., Smolen, J. S. & Aletaha, D. Near misses of ACR\/EULAR criteria for remission: effects of patient global assessment in Boolean and index-based definitions. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 1702\u20131705 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00872-5","volume":"111","author":"LR Lard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lard, L. R., Visser, H. & Speyer, I. Early versus delayed treatment in patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis: comparison of two cohorts who received different treatment strategies. Am. J. Med. 111, 446\u2013451 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216539","volume":"79","author":"P Emery","year":"2020","unstructured":"Emery, P. et al. A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of Very early Etanercept and MTX versus MTX with Delayed Etanercept in RA \u2014 the VEDERA trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 79, 464\u2013471 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-213378","volume":"77","author":"L Kearsley-Fleet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kearsley-Fleet, L. et al. Biologic refractory disease in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 77, 1405\u20131412 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2019.02.004","volume":"49","author":"M B\u00e9c\u00e8de","year":"2019","unstructured":"B\u00e9c\u00e8de, M. et al. Risk profiling for a refractory course of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 49, 211\u2013217 (2019).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214918","volume":"78","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aletaha, D. et al. Effect of disease duration and prior disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use on treatment outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 78, 1609\u20131615 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh199","volume":"43","author":"VP Nell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nell, V. P. et al. Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 43, 906\u2013914 (2004).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.101133","volume":"38","author":"E Myasoedova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Myasoedova, E., Crowson, C. S., Turesson, C., Gabriel, S. E. & Matteson, E. L. Incidence of extraarticular rheumatoid arthritis in olmsted county, Minnesota, in 1995\u20132007 versus 1985\u20131994: a population-based study. J. Rheumatol. 38, 983\u2013989 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.48.1.7","volume":"48","author":"CC Erhardt","year":"1989","unstructured":"Erhardt, C. C., Mumford, P. A., Venables, P. J. W. & Maini, R. N. Factors predicting a poor life prognosis in rheumatoid arthritis: an eight year prospective study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 48, 7\u201313 (1989).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-016-1067-y","volume":"17","author":"E Nikiphorou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nikiphorou, E., Sj\u00f6wall, C., Hannonen, P., Rannio, T. & Sokka, T. Long-term outcomes of destructive seronegative (rheumatoid) arthritis \u2013 description of four clinical cases. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 17, 246 (2016).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"541_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R949","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1767","volume":"7","author":"AHM van der Helm-van Mil","year":"2005","unstructured":"van der Helm-van Mil, A. H. M., Verpoort, K. N., Breedveld, F. C., Toes, R. E. M. & Huizinga, T. W. J. Antibodies to citrullinated proteins and differences in clinical progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 7, R949\u2013R958 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-187","volume":"11","author":"MZ Cader","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cader, M. Z., Filer, A. D., Buckley, C. D. & Raza, K. The relationship between the clinical manifestations and the presence of anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in very early rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet. Disord. 11, 187 (2010).","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"541_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0308-5","volume":"15","author":"K Mankia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mankia, K. & Emery, P. Palindromic rheumatism as part of the rheumatoid arthritis continuum. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 15, 687\u2013695 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel021","volume":"45","author":"LC Pollard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pollard, L. C., Choy, E. H., Gonzalez, J., Khoshaba, B. & Scott, D. L. Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis reflects pain, not disease activity. Rheumatology 45, 885\u2013889 (2006).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38682","volume":"66","author":"YC Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee, Y. C. et al. Subgrouping of patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on pain, fatigue, inflammation, and psychosocial factors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 2006\u20132014 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1266-4","volume":"19","author":"K Albrecht","year":"2017","unstructured":"Albrecht, K. & Zink, A. Poor prognostic factors guiding treatment decisions in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a review of data from randomized clinical trials and cohort studies. Arthritis Res. Ther. 19, 68 (2017).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2384","volume":"10","author":"AHM van der Helm-van Mil","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Helm-van Mil, A. H. M. & Huizinga, T. W. J. Advances in the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis point to subclassification into distinct disease subsets. Arthritis Res. Ther. 10, 205 (2008).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0736-9","volume":"17","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aletaha, D., Alasti, F. & Smolen, J. S. Rheumatoid factor, not antibodies against citrullinated proteins, is associated with baseline disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis clinical trials. Arthritis Res. Ther. 17, 229 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.080322","volume":"35","author":"A Gonzalez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonzalez, A. et al. Mortality trends in rheumatoid arthritis: the role of rheumatoid factor. J. Rheumatol. 35, 1009\u20131014 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20316","volume":"50","author":"FA van Gaalen","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Gaalen, F. A. et al. Association between HLA class\u00a0II genes and autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (CCPs) influences the severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 2113\u20132121 (2004).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.130884","volume":"41","author":"G Mouterde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mouterde, G. et al. Association of anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and\/or rheumatoid factor status and clinical presentation in early arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort. J. Rheumatol. 41, 1614\u20131622 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38307","volume":"66","author":"J Sokolove","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sokolove, J. et al. Rheumatoid factor as a potentiator of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-mediated inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 813\u2013821 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201117","volume":"72","author":"JD Isaacs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Isaacs, J. D. et al. Effect of baseline rheumatoid factor and anticitrullinated peptide antibody serotype on rituximab clinical response: a meta-analysis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 72, 329\u2013336 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2012.11.007","volume":"43","author":"RJ Maneiro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maneiro, R. J., Salgado, E., Carmona, L. & Gomez-Reino, J. J. Rheumatoid factor as predictor of response to abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 9\u201317 (2013).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23148","volume":"58","author":"M van Oosterhout","year":"2007","unstructured":"van Oosterhout, M. et al. Differences in synovial tissue infiltrates between anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-positive rheumatoid arthritis and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 53\u201360 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R182","DOI":"10.1186\/ar4372","volume":"15","author":"JA G\u00f3mez-Puerta","year":"2013","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Puerta, J. A. et al. Differences in synovial fluid cytokine levels but not in synovial tissue cell infiltrate between anti-citrullinated peptide\/protein antibody-positive and -negative rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res. Ther. 15, R182 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201225","volume":"71","author":"S Viatte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viatte, S. et al. Genetic markers of rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility in anti-citrullinated peptide antibody negative patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 1984\u20131990 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3433","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21385","volume":"52","author":"TWJ Huizinga","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huizinga, T. W. J. et al. Refining the complex rheumatoid arthritis phenotype based on specificity of the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope for antibodies to citrullinated proteins. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 3433\u20133438 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.02.013","volume":"94","author":"B Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han, B. et al. Fine mapping seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis to shared and distinct HLA alleles by adjusting for the effects of heterogeneity. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 94, 522\u2013532 (2014).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"541_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39619","volume":"68","author":"S Viatte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Viatte, S. et al. Replication of associations of genetic loci outside the HLA region with susceptibility to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 68, 1603\u20131613 (2016).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21575","volume":"54","author":"L Klareskog","year":"2005","unstructured":"Klareskog, L. et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA\u2013DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination. Arthritis Rheum. 54, 38\u201346 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21302","volume":"52","author":"KN Verpoort","year":"2005","unstructured":"Verpoort, K. N. et al. Association of HLA-DR3 with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 3058\u20133062 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3813","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21419","volume":"52","author":"P Irigoyen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Irigoyen, P. et al. Regulation of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: contrasting effects of HLA-DR3 and the shared epitope alleles. Arthritis Rheum. 52, 3813\u20133818 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0640-3","volume":"17","author":"O FitzGerald","year":"2015","unstructured":"FitzGerald, O., Haroon, M., Giles, J. T. & Winchester, R. Concepts of pathogenesis in psoriatic arthritis: genotype determines clinical phenotype. Arthritis Res. Ther. 17, 115 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2580","volume":"11","author":"O FitzGerald","year":"2009","unstructured":"FitzGerald, O. & Winchester, R. Psoriatic arthritis: from pathogenesis to therapy. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, 214 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.147","volume":"11","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2015","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Aydin, S. Z., G\u00fcl, A., Mahr, A. & Direskeneli, H. \u2018MHC-I-opathy\u2019-unified concept for spondyloarthritis and Beh\u00e7et disease. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 11, 731\u2013740 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1002\/art.38376","volume":"66","author":"B Menon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menon, B. et al. Interleukin-17+CD8T cells are enriched in the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis and correlate with disease activity and joint damage progression. Arthritis Rheumatol. 66, 1272\u20131281 (2014).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.06.001","volume":"17","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2018","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Watad, A. & Savic, S. Mechanistic immunological based classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun. Rev. 17, 1115\u20131123 (2018).","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"541_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873","volume":"506","author":"Y Okada","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okada, Y. et al. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery. Nature 506, 376\u2013381 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"541_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10936-0","volume":"10","author":"E Porcu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Porcu, E. et al. Mendelian randomization integrating GWAS and eQTL data reveals genetic determinants of complex and clinical traits. Nat. Commun. 10, 3300 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaav7188","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7188","volume":"365","author":"NA Patsopoulos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patsopoulos, N. A. et al. Multiple sclerosis genomic map implicates peripheral immune cells and microglia in susceptibility. Science 365, eaav7188 (2019).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"541_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61000-4","volume":"372","author":"P Emery","year":"2008","unstructured":"Emery, P. et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treatment trial. Lancet 372, 375\u2013382 (2008).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201066","volume":"71","author":"P Emery","year":"2012","unstructured":"Emery, P. et al. Combination etanercept and methotrexate provides better disease control in very early (\u22644\u2009months) versus early rheumatoid arthritis (>4\u2009months and <2\u2009years): post hoc analyses from the COMET study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 989\u2013992 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00570","volume":"10","author":"MV Nemtsova","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nemtsova, M. V. et al. Epigenetic changes in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Front. Genet. 10, 570 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"541_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39123","volume":"67","author":"R Ai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ai, R. et al. DNA methylome signature in synoviocytes from patients with early rheumatoid arthritis compared to synoviocytes from patients with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 67, 1978\u20131980 (2015).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-201526","volume":"72","author":"K Nakano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakano, K., Whitaker, J. W., Boyle, D. L., Wang, W. & Firestein, G. S. DNA methylome signature in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 72, 110\u2013117 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kez411","volume":"59","author":"N Nair","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nair, N. et al. Differential DNA methylation correlates with response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 59, 1364\u20131371 (2019).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR63","volume":"8","author":"M Trenkmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Trenkmann, M. et al. Epigenetically-driven anatomical diversity of synovial fibroblasts guides joint-specific fibroblast functions. Nat. Commun. 8, 14852 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR64","first-page":"373","volume":"63","author":"J Stanczyk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stanczyk, J. et al. Altered expression of microRNA-203 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and its role in fibroblast activation. Int. J. Adv. Rheumatol. 63, 373\u2013381 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11193","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1019536108","volume":"108","author":"M Kurowska-Stolarska","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kurowska-Stolarska, M. et al. MicroRNA-155 as a proinflammatory regulator in clinical and experimental arthritis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11193\u201311198 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"541_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204377","volume":"74","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhou, Q. et al. Decreased expression of miR-146a and miR-155 contributes to an abnormal Treg phenotype in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 74, 1265\u20131274 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12970","volume":"7","author":"S Alivernini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alivernini, S. et al. MicroRNA-155 influences B-cell function through PU.1 in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Commun. 7, 12970 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063812","volume":"8","author":"S Zeilinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zeilinger, S. et al. Tobacco smoking leads to extensive genome-wide changes in DNA methylation. PLoS One 8, e63812 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"541_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37853","volume":"65","author":"A Lee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lee, A. et al. Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 induces sustained signaling and a prolonged and unremitting inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 65, 928\u2013938 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2012.237","volume":"9","author":"S Viatte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Viatte, S., Plant, D. & Raychaudhuri, S. Genetics and epigenetics of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 9, 141\u2013153 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200012)43:12<2634::AID-ANR3>3.0.CO;2-1","volume":"43","author":"M Neidhart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Neidhart, M. et al. Retrotransposable L1 elements expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovial tissue. Arthritis Rheum. 43, 2634\u20132647 (2000).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202572","volume":"190","author":"K Nakano","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nakano, K., Boyle, D. L. & Firestein, G. S. Regulation of DNA methylation in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. J. Immunol. 190, 1297\u20131303 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2487","volume":"31","author":"Y Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Epigenome-wide association data implicate DNA methylation as an intermediary of genetic risk in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Biotechnol. 31, 142\u2013147 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"541_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0621-5","volume":"39","author":"C Ospelt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ospelt, C., Gay, S. & Klein, K. Epigenetics in the pathogenesis of RA. Semin. Immunopathol. 39, 409\u2013419 (2017).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"541_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(19)30211-X","volume":"7","author":"LP Gondek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gondek, L. P. & DeZern, A. E. Assessing clonal haematopoiesis: clinical burdens and benefits of diagnosing myelodysplastic syndrome precursor states. Lancet Haematol. 7, e73\u2013e81 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol."},{"key":"541_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408617","volume":"371","author":"S Jaiswal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jaiswal, S. et al. Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 2488\u20132498 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-01-451781","volume":"121","author":"O Abdel-Wahab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdel-Wahab, O. & Levine, R. L. Mutations in epigenetic modifiers in the pathogenesis and therapy of acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 121, 3563\u20133572 (2013).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"541_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-17-3044","volume":"24","author":"CJ Gibson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gibson, C. J. & Steensma, D. P. New insights from studies of clonal hematopoiesis. Clin. Cancer Res. 24, 4633\u20134642 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"541_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0247-5","volume":"17","author":"S Jaiswal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jaiswal, S. & Libby, P. Clonal haematopoiesis: connecting ageing and inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 17, 137\u2013144 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"541_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-018-0107-2","volume":"8","author":"P Savola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savola, P. et al. Clonal hematopoiesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Blood Cancer J. 8, 69 (2018).","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J."},{"issue":"Suppl. 10","key":"541_CR81","first-page":"1983","volume":"70","author":"M De Santis","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Santis, M. et al. Mutations associated with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential are found in peripheral blood and synovial fluid macrophages from patients with rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 70 (Suppl. 10), 1983 (2018).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2017.175729","volume":"103","author":"P Savola","year":"2018","unstructured":"Savola, P. et al. Somatic STAT3 mutations in Felty syndrome: an implication for a common pathogenesis with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Haematologica 103, 304\u2013312 (2018).","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"541_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15869","volume":"8","author":"P Savola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savola, P. et al. Somatic mutations in clonally expanded cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Commun. 8, 15869 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000011","volume":"93","author":"A Mekinian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mekinian, A. et al. Inflammatory arthritis in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes: A multicenter retrospective study and literature review of 68 cases. Medicine 93, 1\u201310 (2018).","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"541_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026834","author":"DB Beck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Beck, D. B. et al. Somatic mutations in UBA1 and severe adult-onset autoinflammatory disease. N. Engl. J. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2026834 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-203940","volume":"73","author":"DPC De Rooy","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Rooy, D. P. C. et al. Smoking as a risk factor for the radiological severity of rheumatoid arthritis: a study on six cohorts. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 73, 1384\u20131387 (2014).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.599073","volume":"41","author":"MK S\u00f6derlin","year":"2012","unstructured":"S\u00f6derlin, M. K., Petersson, I. F. & Geborek, P. The effect of smoking on response and drug survival in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with their first anti-TNF drug. Scand. J. Rheumatol. 41, 1\u20139 (2012).","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22279","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151222279","volume":"15","author":"K Chang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chang, K. et al. Smoking and rheumatoid arthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, 22279\u201322295 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"541_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2007-0130OC","volume":"37","author":"F Facchinetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Facchinetti, F. et al. \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated aldehydes in cigarette smoke release inflammatory mediators from human macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 37, 617\u2013623 (2007).","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"541_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5425","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001603","volume":"185","author":"MM Monick","year":"2010","unstructured":"Monick, M. M. et al. Identification of an autophagy defect in smokers\u2019 alveolar macrophages. J. Immunol. 185, 5425\u20135435 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-017-1276-2","volume":"19","author":"W Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng, W. et al. DNA methylation mediates genotype and smoking interaction in the development of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 19, 71 (2017).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409405","volume":"371","author":"G Genovese","year":"2014","unstructured":"Genovese, G. et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and blood-cancer risk inferred from blood DNA sequence. N. Engl. J. Med. 371, 2477\u20132487 (2014).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1912","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403945","volume":"19","author":"SS Strom","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strom, S. S., Gu, Y., Gruschkus, S. K., Pierce, S. A. & Estey, E. H. Risk factors of myelodysplastic syndromes: a case-control study. Leukemia 19, 1912\u20131918 (2015).","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"541_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200005000-00010","volume":"11","author":"J Bjork","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bjork, J. et al. Smoking and myelodysplastic syndromes. Epidemiology 11, 285\u2013291 (2000).","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"541_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021896","volume":"8","author":"R Bendayan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bendayan, R., Cooper, R. & Muthuri, S. G. Lifetime cigarette smoking and chronic widespread and regional pain in later adulthood: evidence from the 1946 British birth cohort study. BMJ Open 8, e021896 (2018).","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"541_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181ebdaf9","volume":"113","author":"Y Shi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Weingarten, T. N., Mantilla, C. B., Hooten, W. M. & Warner, D. O. Smoking and pain: pathophysiology and clinical implications. Anesthesiology 113, 977\u2013992 (2010).","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"541_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2015.171","volume":"12","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2016","unstructured":"McInnes, I. B., Buckley, C. D. & Isaacs, J. D. Cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis-shaping the immunological landscape. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 12, 63\u201368 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3260","volume":"19","author":"G Schett","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schett, G., Elewaut, D., McInnes, I. B., Dayer, J.-M. & Neurath, M. F. How cytokine networks fuel inflammation: toward a cytokine-based disease taxonomy. Nat. Med. 19, 822\u2013824 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"541_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30363-4","volume":"388","author":"JWJ Bijlsma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bijlsma, J. W. J. et al. Early rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab, methotrexate, or their combination (U-Act-Early): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, strategy trial. Lancet 388, 343\u2013355 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200968","volume":"71","author":"AG Pratt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pratt, A. G. et al. A CD4 T cell gene signature for early rheumatoid arthritis implicates interleukin 6-mediated STAT3 signalling, particularly in anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-negative disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 1374\u20131381 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-205850","volume":"75","author":"AE Anderson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Anderson, A. E. et al. IL-6-driven STAT signalling in circulating CD4+ lymphocytes is a marker for early anticitrullinated peptide antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 75, 466\u2013473 (2016).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40323","volume":"70","author":"ME Weinblatt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinblatt, M. E. et al. A randomized phase IIb study of mavrilimumab and golimumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 70, 49\u201359 (2018).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2572","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032534","volume":"350","author":"JCW Edwards","year":"2004","unstructured":"Edwards, J. C. W. et al. Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 350, 2572\u20132581 (2004).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00003","volume":"144","author":"JM Kremer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kremer, J. M. et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann. Intern. Med. 144, 865\u2013876 (2006).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"541_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1478","volume":"7","author":"E Lubberts","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lubberts, E., Koenders, M. & van den Berg, W. B. The role of T cell interleukin-17 in conducting destructive arthritis: lessons from animal models. Arthritis Res. Ther. 7, 29\u201337 (2005).","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"541_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199905)42:5<963::AID-ANR15>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"42","author":"M Chabaud","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chabaud, M. et al. Human interleukin 17. A T cell\u2013derived proinflammatory cytokine produced by the rheumatoid synovium. Arthritis Rheum. 42, 963\u2013970 (1999).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"541_CR107","first-page":"ii3","volume":"42","author":"J-M Dayer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dayer, J.-M. The pivotal role of interleukin-1 in the clinical manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 42 (Suppl. 2), ii3\u201310 (2003).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5049","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.9.5049","volume":"163","author":"LAB Joosten","year":"1999","unstructured":"Joosten, L. A. B. et al. IL-1\u03b1\u03b2 blockade prevents cartilage and bone destruction in murine type II collagen-induced arthritis, whereas TNF-\u03b1 blockade only ameliorates joint inflammation. J. Immunol. 163, 5049\u20135055 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40070","volume":"69","author":"FJ Blanco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanco, F. J. et al. Secukinumab in active rheumatoid arthritis: a phase III randomized, double-blind, active comparator- and placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 69, 1144\u20131153 (2017).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20115","volume":"50","author":"MH Buch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buch, M. H. et al. Lack of response to anakinra in rheumatoid arthritis following failure of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 725\u2013728 (2004).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-201024","volume":"71","author":"S Alzabin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alzabin, S. et al. Incomplete response of inflammatory arthritis to TNF \u03b1 blockade is associated with the Th17 pathway. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71, 1741\u20131748 (2012).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1550-8579(05)80042-7","volume":"2","author":"Z Wiesenfeld-Hallin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z. Sex differences in pain perception. Gend. Med. 2, 137\u2013145 (2005).","journal-title":"Gend. Med."},{"key":"541_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2016.06.006","volume":"338","author":"KA Sluka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sluka, K. A. & Clauw, D. J. Neurobiology of fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain. Neuroscience 338, 114\u2013129 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"541_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.139212","volume":"70","author":"S Saevarsdottir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Saevarsdottir, S. et al. Predictors of response to methotrexate in early DMARD naive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 469\u2013475 (2011).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.200","volume":"13","author":"AI Catrina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Catrina, A. I., Svensson, C. I., Malmstr\u00f6m, V., Schett, G. & Klareskog, L. Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 13, 79\u201386 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181657","volume":"216","author":"A Bersellini Farinotti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bersellini Farinotti, A. et al. Cartilage-binding antibodies induce pain through immune complex-mediated activation of neurons. J. Exp. Med. 216, 1904\u20131924 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"541_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.07.030","volume":"151","author":"CA Christianson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Christianson, C. A. et al. Characterization of the acute and persistent pain state present in K\/BxN serum transfer arthritis. Pain 151, 394\u2013403 (2010).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"541_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2014.03.003","volume":"155","author":"I Kalcheva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalcheva, I., Yu, N., Park, J., Kaang, B. & Michael, P. Dorsal root ganglia: potential roles in acute inflammatory pain. Pain 155, 1150\u20131160 (2014).","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"541_CR119","volume":"3","author":"AD Cook","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cook, A. D. et al. TNF and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor interdependence mediates inflammation via CCL17. JCI Insight 3, e99249 (2018).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"541_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2016-210624","volume":"76","author":"GR Burmester","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burmester, G. R. et al. A randomised phase IIb study of mavrilimumab, a novel GM\u2013CSF receptor alpha monoclonal antibody, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, 1020\u20131030 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24417","volume":"60","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Tan, A. L., D\u00f8hn, U. M., \u00d8stergaard, M. & Benjamin, M. Microanatomic studies to define predictive factors for the topography of periarticular erosion formation in inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1042\u20131051 (2009).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22758","volume":"56","author":"D McGonagle","year":"2007","unstructured":"McGonagle, D., Lories, R. J. U., Tan, A. L. & Benjamin, M. The concept of a \u201csynovio-entheseal complex\u201d and its implications for understanding joint inflammation and damage in psoriatic arthritis and beyond. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 2482\u20132491 (2007).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02135-1","volume":"350","author":"AJ Freemont","year":"1997","unstructured":"Freemont, A. J. et al. Nerve ingrowth into diseased intervertebral disc in chronic back pain. Lancet 350, 178\u2013181 (1997).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1011774108","volume":"108","author":"A Hess","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hess, A., Axmann, R., Rech, J. & Finzel, S. Blockade of TNF-\u03b1 rapidly inhibits pain responses in the central nervous system. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 3731\u20133736 (2011).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"541_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37761","volume":"65","author":"J Rech","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rech, J. et al. Association of brain functional magnetic resonance activity with response to tumor necrosis factor inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 65, 325\u2013333 (2013).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04648-0","volume":"9","author":"A Schrepf","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schrepf, A. et al. A multi-modal MRI study of the central response to inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Commun. 9, 2243 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8060831","volume":"8","author":"PC Taylor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Taylor, P. C. et al. Achieving pain control in rheumatoid arthritis with baricitinib or adalimumab plus methotrexate: results from the RA-BEAM trial. J. Clin. Med. 8, 831 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"541_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1608345","volume":"376","author":"PC Taylor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taylor, P. C. et al. Baricitinib versus placebo or adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 376, 652\u2013662 (2017).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41032","volume":"71","author":"R Fleischmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fleischmann, R. et al. Upadacitinib versus placebo or adalimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate: results of a phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 71, 1788\u20131800 (2019).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2011.02.010","volume":"138","author":"CD Buckley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Buckley, C. D. Why does chronic inflammation persist: an unexpected role for fibroblasts. Immunol. Lett. 138, 12\u201314 (2011).","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"541_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01395","volume":"10","author":"H Yoshitomi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoshitomi, H. Regulation of immune responses and chronic inflammation by fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Front. Immunol. 10, 1395 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2009.00859.x","volume":"233","author":"B Bartok","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bartok, B. & Firestein, G. S. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: key effector cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol. Rev. 233, 233\u2013255 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"541_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0911458","volume":"91","author":"HM McGettrick","year":"2012","unstructured":"McGettrick, H. M., Butler, L. M., Buckley, C. D., Rainger, G. E. & Nash, G. B. Tissue stroma as a regulator of leukocyte recruitment in inflammation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 91, 385\u2013400 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"541_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.berh.2008.01.004","volume":"22","author":"C Ospelt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ospelt, C. & Gay, S. The role of resident synovial cells in destructive arthritis. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 22, 239\u2013252 (2008).","journal-title":"Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214539","volume":"78","author":"F Humby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Humby, F. et al. Synovial cellular and molecular signatures stratify clinical response to csDMARD therapy and predict radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 78, 761\u2013772 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-215751","volume":"78","author":"G Lliso-Ribera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lliso-Ribera, G. et al. Synovial tissue signatures enhance clinical classification and prognostic\/treatment response algorithms in early inflammatory arthritis and predict requirement for subsequent biological therapy: results from the pathobiology of early arthritis cohort (PEAC). Ann. Rheum. Dis. 78, 1642\u20131652 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR137","unstructured":"BioMed Central. ISRCTN Registry http:\/\/www.isrctn.com\/ISRCTN36667085 (2020)."},{"key":"541_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2050","volume":"15","author":"S Lef\u00e8vre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lef\u00e8vre, S. et al. Synovial fibroblasts spread rheumatoid arthritis to unaffected joints. Nat. Med. 15, 1414\u20131420 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"541_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004114","volume":"383","author":"DE Orange","year":"2020","unstructured":"Orange, D. E. et al. RNA identification of PRIME cells predicting rheumatoid arthritis flares. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 218\u2013228 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9040968","volume":"9","author":"SM Churchman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Churchman, S. M. et al. Transient existence of circulating mesenchymal stem cells in the deep veins in humans following long bone intramedullary reaming. J. Clin. Med. 9, 968 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"541_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4757","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621375114","volume":"114","author":"G Wernig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wernig, G. et al. Unifying mechanism for different fibrotic diseases. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 4757\u20134762 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"541_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02892-y","volume":"9","author":"F Mizoguchi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mizoguchi, F. et al. Functionally distinct disease-associated fibroblast subsets in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat. Commun. 9, 789 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"541_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1263-7","volume":"570","author":"AP Croft","year":"2019","unstructured":"Croft, A. P. et al. Distinct fibroblast subsets drive inflammation and damage in arthritis. Nature 570, 246\u2013251 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"541_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2328","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31472-1","volume":"389","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2017","unstructured":"McInnes, I. B. & Schett, G. Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet 389, 2328\u20132337 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR145","volume":"3","author":"R Alten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alten, R. et al. Baseline autoantibodies preferentially impact abatacept efficacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who are biologic na\u00efve: 6-month results froma real-world, international, prospective study. RMD Open 3, e000345 (2017).","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"541_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2015.11.014","volume":"45","author":"C Petsch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petsch, C. et al. Prevalence of monosodium urate deposits in a population of rheumatoid arthritis patients with hyperuricemia. Semin. Arthritis Rheum. 45, 663\u2013668 (2016).","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2017-000550","volume":"3","author":"S Savic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Savic, S. et al. Autoimmune-autoinflammatory rheumatoid arthritis overlaps: a rare but potentially important subgroup of diseases. RMD Open 3, e000550 (2017).","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"key":"541_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.86336","volume":"1","author":"SR Harrison","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harrison, S. R. et al. Anakinra as a diagnostic challenge and treatment option for systemic autoinflammatory disorders of undefined etiology. JCI Insight 1, e86336 (2016).","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"541_CR149","first-page":"840","volume":"77","author":"C Gabay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gabay, C. et al. Open-label, multicentre, dose-escalating phase II clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of tadekinig alfa (IL-18BP) in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 77, 840\u2013847 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129301","volume":"130","author":"AA de Jesus","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Jesus, A. A. et al. Distinct interferon signatures and cytokine patterns define additional systemic autoinflammatory diseases. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 1669\u20131682 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"541_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1401992","volume":"194","author":"RL Reinhardt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Reinhardt, R. L. et al. A novel model for IFN-\u03b3-mediated autoinflammatory syndromes. J. Immunol. 194, 2358\u20132368 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30401-4","volume":"389","author":"D Aletaha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aletaha, D. et al. Efficacy and safety of sirukumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti-TNF therapy (SIRROUND-T): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, phase 3 study. Lancet 389, 1206\u20131217 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0060001","volume":"6","author":"F Humby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Humby, F. et al. Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium. PLoS Med. 6, e1 (2009).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"541_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31116-4","volume":"391","author":"MC Genovese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Genovese, M. C. et al. Safety and efficacy of upadacitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis refractory to biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (SELECT-BEYOND): a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet 391, 2513\u20132524 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"541_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1507247","volume":"374","author":"MC Genovese","year":"2016","unstructured":"Genovese, M. C. et al. Baricitinib in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med. 374, 1243\u20131252 (2016).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"541_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kex489","volume":"57","author":"MC Genovese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Genovese, M. C. et al. Response to baricitinib based on prior biologic use in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 57, 900\u2013908 (2018).","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"541_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216699","volume":"79","author":"Q Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu, Q. et al. Tofacitinib in refractory adult-onset Still\u2019s disease: 14 cases from a single centre in China. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 79, 842\u2013844 (2020).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20221","volume":"50","author":"MC Genovese","year":"2004","unstructured":"Genovese, M. C. et al. Combination therapy with etanercept and anakinra in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis who have been treated unsuccessfully with methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 50, 1412\u20131419 (2004).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"541_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40580","volume":"70","author":"MC Genovese","year":"2018","unstructured":"Genovese, M. C. et al. ABT-122, a bispecific dual variable domain immunoglobulin targeting tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-17A, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to methotrexate: a randomized, double-blind study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 70, 1710\u20131720 (2018).","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"541_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2018-214943","volume":"78","author":"S Glatt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glatt, S. et al. Efficacy and safety of bimekizumab as add-on therapy for rheumatoid arthritis in patients with inadequate response to certolizumab pegol: a proof-of-concept study. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 78, 1033\u20131040 (2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR161","first-page":"21","volume":"64","author":"SJ Bingham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bingham, S. J. et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for rheumatoid arthritis \u2014 interim report of 6 patients. J. Rheumatol. Suppl. 64, 21\u201324 (2001).","journal-title":"J. Rheumatol. Suppl."},{"key":"541_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01570","volume":"10","author":"R Greco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Greco, R. et al. Allogeneic HSCT for autoimmune diseases: a retrospective study from the EBMT ADWP, IEWP, and PDWP working parties. Front. Immunol. 10, 1570 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2015-208918","volume":"76","author":"JM \u00c1lvaro-Gracia","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00c1lvaro-Gracia, J. M. et al. Intravenous administration of expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in refractory rheumatoid arthritis (Cx611): results of a multicentre, dose escalation, randomised, singleblind, placebo-controlled phase Ib\/IIa clinical trial. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 76, 196\u2013202 (2017).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"541_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0378-1","volume":"20","author":"F Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, F. et al. Defining inflammatory cell states in rheumatoid arthritis joint synovial tissues by integrating single-cell transcriptomics and mass cytometry. Nat. Immunol. 20, 928\u2013942 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"541_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20810","volume":"542","author":"DA Rao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rao, D. A. et al. Pathologically expanded peripheral T helper cell subset drives B cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Nature 542, 110\u2013114 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Rheumatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41584-020-00541-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41584-020-00541-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41584-020-00541-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,14]],"date-time":"2023-10-14T20:01:41Z","timestamp":1697313701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41584-020-00541-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"references-count":165,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["541"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41584-020-00541-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4790","1759-4804"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4790","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4804","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2020","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}