{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T23:35:33Z","timestamp":1793316933451,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Rev Urol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41585-025-01111-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]],"date-time":"2025-11-27T14:34:44Z","timestamp":1764254084000},"page":"309-318","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Micro-ultrasound for prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9528-4334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melis","family":"Guer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne G.","family":"Brisbane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannes","family":"Cash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9451-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sangeet","family":"Ghai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1001-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laurence","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul F. R.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4115-4327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Kinnaird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1111_CR1","first-page":"350","volume":"62","author":"HH Young","year":"1972","unstructured":"Young, H. H. & Davis, D. M. Young\u2019s Practice of Urology, Based on a Study of 12,500 Cases (1926) book review. Ind. Med. Gaz. 62, 350\u2013351 (1927).","journal-title":"Ind. Med. Gaz."},{"key":"1111_CR2","unstructured":"Shinohara, K., Master, V. A., Chi, T., Carroll, P. R. in Comprehensive Textbook of Genitourinary Oncology (eds Vogelzang, N. J. et al.) 111\u2013119 (Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006)."},{"key":"1111_CR3","first-page":"421","volume":"41","author":"A Astraldi","year":"1937","unstructured":"Astraldi, A. Diagnosis of cancer of the prostate; biopsy by rectal route. Urol. Cutan. Rev. 41, 421\u2013427 (1937).","journal-title":"Urol. Cutan. Rev."},{"key":"1111_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194305272282103","volume":"228","author":"EL Peirson","year":"1943","unstructured":"Peirson, E. L. & Nickerson, D. A. Biopsy of the prostate with the Silverman needle. N. Engl. J. Med. 228, 675\u2013678 (1943).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1111_CR5","first-page":"134","volume":"15","author":"H Grabstald","year":"1965","unstructured":"Grabstald, H. Biopsy techniques in the diagnosis of cancer of the prostate. CA Cancer J. Clin. 15, 134\u2013138 (1965).","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"1111_CR6","first-page":"308","volume":"81","author":"JJ Kaufman","year":"1954","unstructured":"Kaufman, J. J., Rosenthal, M. & Goodwin, W. E. Needle biopsy in diagnosis of prostatic cancer. Calif. Med. 81, 308 (1954).","journal-title":"Calif. Med."},{"key":"1111_CR7","first-page":"7","volume":"3","author":"H Takahashi","year":"1963","unstructured":"Takahashi, H. & Ouchi, T. The ultrasonic diagnosis in the field of urology. Proc. Jpn. Soc. Ultrason. Med. 3, 7 (1963).","journal-title":"Proc. Jpn. Soc. Ultrason. Med."},{"key":"1111_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.1870020203","volume":"2","author":"H Watanabe","year":"1974","unstructured":"Watanabe, H., Igari, D., Tanahasi, Y., Harada, K. & Saitoh, M. Development and application of new equipment for transrectal ultrasonography. J. Clin. Ultrasound 2, 91\u201398 (1974).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Ultrasound"},{"key":"1111_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38663-9","volume":"142","author":"KK Hodge","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hodge, K. K., McNeal, J. E. & Stamey, T. A. Ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the palpably abnormal prostate. J. Urol. 142, 66\u201370 (1989).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01576839","volume":"7","author":"ED Kwon","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kwon, E. D. & Williams, R. D. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of prostate cancer. World J. Urol. 7, 17\u201321 (1989).","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.18.20796","volume":"213","author":"F Giganti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giganti, F. et al. The evolution of MRI of the prostate: the past, the present, and the future. Am. J. Roentgenol. 213, 384\u2013396 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Roentgenol."},{"key":"1111_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.02.033","volume":"76","author":"B Turkbey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turkbey, B. et al. Prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2.1: 2019 update of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2. Eur. Urol. 76, 340\u2013351 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-011-2377-y","volume":"22","author":"JO Barentsz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barentsz, J. O. et al. ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012. Eur. Radiol. 22, 746\u2013757 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"1111_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.03.027","volume":"86","author":"P Cornford","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cornford, P. et al. EAU-EANM-ESTRO-ESUR-ISUP-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer \u2014 2024 Update. Part I: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent. Eur. Urol. 86, 148\u2013163 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2017152877","volume":"286","author":"S Borofsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Borofsky, S. et al. What are we missing? False-negative cancers at multiparametric MR imaging of the prostate. Radiology 286, 186\u2013195 (2018).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1111_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000001232","volume":"204","author":"A Kinnaird","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kinnaird, A. et al. Risk of prostate cancer after a negative magnetic resonance imaging guided biopsy. J. Urol. 204, 1180\u20131186 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR17","first-page":"1644","volume":"63","author":"L Emmett","year":"2022","unstructured":"Emmett, L. et al. The PRIMARY Score: using intraprostatic 68Ga-PSMA PET\/CT patterns to optimize prostate cancer diagnosis. J. Nucl. Med. 63, 1644\u20131650 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"1111_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2024.3196","volume":"10","author":"N Mookerji","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mookerji, N. et al. Fluorine-18 prostate-specific membrane antigen-1007 PET\/CT vs multiparametric MRI for locoregional staging of prostate cancer. JAMA Oncol. 10, 1097\u20131103 (2024).","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.3579","volume":"333","author":"A Kinnaird","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kinnaird, A. et al. Microultrasonography-guided vs MRI-guided biopsy for prostate cancer diagnosis: the OPTIMUM randomized clinical trial. JAMA 333, 1679\u20131687 (2025).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1111_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/330493a0","volume":"330","author":"MD Sherar","year":"1987","unstructured":"Sherar, M. D., Noss, M. B. & Foster, F. S. Ultrasound backscatter microscopy images the internal structure of living tumour spheroids. Nature 330, 493\u2013495 (1987).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1111_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32598-8","volume":"97","author":"CJ Pavlin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Pavlin, C. J., Sherar, M. D. & Foster, F. S. Subsurface ultrasound microscopic imaging of the intact eye. Ophthalmology 97, 244\u2013250 (1990).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1111_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(91)32298-X","volume":"98","author":"CJ Pavlin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pavlin, C. J., Harasiewicz, K., Sherar, M. D. & Foster, F. S. Clinical use of ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ophthalmology 98, 287\u2013295 (1991).","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1111_CR23","first-page":"851","volume":"64","author":"K Hoffmann","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hoffmann, K., El Gammal, S., Matthes, U. & Altmeyer, P. Digital 20\u2009MHz sonography of the skin in preoperative diagnosis. Z. Hautkr. 64, 851\u2013852 (1989).","journal-title":"Z. Hautkr."},{"key":"1111_CR24","first-page":"W7","volume":"41","author":"K Hoffmann","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hoffmann, K., El Gammal, S. & Altmeyer, P. B-scan ultrasound in dermatology. Hautarzt 41, W7\u2013W16 (1990).","journal-title":"Hautarzt"},{"key":"1111_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.2.660","volume":"81","author":"SE Nissen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Nissen, S. E. et al. Application of a new phased-array ultrasound imaging catheter in the assessment of vascular dimensions: in vivo comparison to cineangiography. Circulation 81, 660\u2013666 (1990).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1111_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01745137","volume":"4","author":"N Bom","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bom, N., ten Hoff, H., Lanc\u00e9e, C. T., Gussenhoven, W. J. & Bosch, J. G. Early and recent intraluminal ultrasound devices. Int. J. Card. Imaging 4, 79\u201388 (1989).","journal-title":"Int. J. Card. Imaging"},{"key":"1111_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.6.2239","volume":"92","author":"DH Turnbull","year":"1995","unstructured":"Turnbull, D. H., Bloomfield, T. S., Baldwin, H. S., Foster, F. S. & Joyner, A. L. Ultrasound backscatter microscope analysis of early mouse embryonic brain development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 2239 (1995).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1111_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(02)00567-7","volume":"28","author":"FS Foster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foster, F. S. et al. A new ultrasound instrument for in vivo microimaging of mice. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 28, 1165\u20131172 (2002).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1111_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-5629(99)00096-4","volume":"26","author":"FS Foster","year":"2000","unstructured":"Foster, F. S., Pavlin, C. J., Harasiewicz, K. A., Christopher, D. A. & Turnbull, D. H. Advances in ultrasound biomicroscopy. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 26, 1\u201327 (2000).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1111_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.04.012","volume":"35","author":"FS Foster","year":"2009","unstructured":"Foster, F. S. et al. A new 15\u201350\u2009MHz array-based micro-ultrasound scanner for preclinical imaging. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 35, 1700\u20131708 (2009).","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med. Biol."},{"key":"1111_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6337","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0414","volume":"65","author":"LA Wirtzfeld","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wirtzfeld, L. A. et al. A new three-dimensional ultrasound microimaging technology for preclinical studies using a transgenic prostate cancer mouse model. Cancer Res. 65, 6337\u20136345 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1111_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5231","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-0440","volume":"65","author":"KC Graham","year":"2005","unstructured":"Graham, K. C. et al. Three-dimensional high-frequency ultrasound imaging for longitudinal evaluation of liver metastases in preclinical models. Cancer Res. 65, 5231\u20135237 (2005).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1111_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2830","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3944","volume":"67","author":"JW Xuan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xuan, J. W. et al. Functional neoangiogenesis imaging of genetically engineered mouse prostate cancer using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound. Cancer Res. 67, 2830\u20132839 (2007).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1111_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-3295","volume":"66","author":"M Franco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franco, M. et al. Targeted anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 therapy leads to short-term and long-term impairment of vascular function and increase in tumor hypoxia. Cancer Res. 66, 3639\u20133648 (2006).","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"1111_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34.e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2013.01.006","volume":"32","author":"CP Pavlovich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pavlovich, C. P. et al. High-resolution transrectal ultrasound: pilot study of a novel technique for imaging clinically localized prostate cancer. Urol. Oncol. 32, 34.e27\u201334.e32 (2014).","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/bco2.59","volume":"2","author":"CP Pavlovich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pavlovich, C. P. et al. A multi-institutional randomized controlled trial comparing first-generation transrectal high-resolution micro-ultrasound with conventional frequency transrectal ultrasound for prostate biopsy. BJUI Compass 2, 126\u2013133 (2021).","journal-title":"BJUI Compass"},{"key":"1111_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2018.10.001","volume":"2","author":"G Lughezzani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lughezzani, G. et al. Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of micro-ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging\/ultrasound fusion targeted biopsies for the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 2, 329\u2013332 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000692","volume":"203","author":"OR Claros","year":"2020","unstructured":"Claros, O. R. et al. Comparison of initial experience with transrectal magnetic resonance imaging cognitive guided micro-ultrasound biopsies versus established transperineal robotic ultrasound magnetic resonance imaging fusion biopsies for prostate cancer. J. Urol. 203, 918\u2013923 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E11","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.6712","volume":"15","author":"L Klotz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Klotz, L. et al. Comparison of micro-ultrasound and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prostate cancer: a multicenter, prospective analysis. Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 15, E11\u2013E16 (2020).","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"1111_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.09.013","volume":"7","author":"G Lughezzani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lughezzani, G. et al. Diagnostic accuracy of microultrasound in patients with a suspicion of prostate cancer at magnetic resonance imaging: a single-institutional prospective study. Eur. Urol. Focus 7, 1019\u20131026 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus"},{"key":"1111_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470.e19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2025.03.012","volume":"43","author":"PP Avolio","year":"2025","unstructured":"Avolio, P. P. et al. Enhanced diagnostic accuracy of micro-ultrasound in prostate cancer detection: an updated series from a single-center prospective study. Urol. Oncol. 43, 470.e19\u2013470.e26 (2025).","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euf.2020.06.022","volume":"7","author":"L Wiemer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiemer, L. et al. Evolution of targeted prostate biopsy by adding micro-ultrasound to the magnetic resonance imaging pathway. Eur. Urol. Focus. 7, 1292\u20131299 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Focus."},{"key":"1111_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15635","volume":"129","author":"SL Hofbauer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hofbauer, S. L. et al. A non-inferiority comparative analysis of micro-ultrasonography and MRI-targeted biopsy in men at risk of prostate cancer. BJU Int. 129, 648\u2013654 (2022).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"1111_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.212163","volume":"305","author":"S Ghai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghai, S. et al. Comparison of micro-US and multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer detection in biopsy-naive men. Radiology 305, 390\u2013398 (2022).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1111_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2021.05.030","volume":"39","author":"PP Avolio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Avolio, P. P. et al. The use of 29\u2009MHz transrectal micro-ultrasound to stratify the prostate cancer risk in patients with PI-RADS III lesions at multiparametric MRI: a single institutional analysis. Urol. Oncol. 39, 832.e1\u2013832.e7 (2021).","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.8626","volume":"18","author":"P Albers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albers, P. et al. Micro-ultrasound for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in biopsy-naive men with negative MRI. Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 18, 208\u2013211 (2024).","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"1111_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.11.015","volume":"47","author":"PP Avolio","year":"2023","unstructured":"Avolio, P. P. et al. Assessing the role of high-resolution microultrasound among na\u00efve patients with negative multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and a persistently high suspicion of prostate cancer. Eur. Urol. Open. Sci. 47, 73\u201379 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Open. Sci."},{"key":"1111_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24862","volume":"85","author":"E Beatrici","year":"2025","unstructured":"Beatrici, E. et al. Optimizing prostate cancer diagnostic work-up through micro-ultrasound: minimizing unnecessary procedures and reducing overdiagnoses. Prostate 85, 603\u2013611 (2025).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1111_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00651-2","volume":"403","author":"ND James","year":"2024","unstructured":"James, N. D. et al. The lancet commission on prostate cancer: planning for the surge in cases. Lancet 403, 1683\u20131722 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1111_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2025.02.015","volume":"43","author":"A Richemond","year":"2025","unstructured":"Richemond, A. et al. Predicting pathological tumor volume in prostate cancer lesions: a head-to-head comparison of micro-ultrasound vs. MRI. Urol. Oncol. 43, 398.e15\u2013398.e21\u00a0(2025).","journal-title":"Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"1111_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18910","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-69804-7","volume":"14","author":"J Pensa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pensa, J. et al. Evaluation of prostate cancer detection using micro-ultrasound versus MRI through co-registration to whole-mount pathology. Sci. Rep. 14, 18910 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1111_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2015.12.093","volume":"196","author":"S Ghai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ghai, S. et al. Assessing cancer risk on novel 29\u2009MHz micro-ultrasound images of the prostate: creation of the micro-ultrasound protocol for prostate risk identification. J. Urol. 196, 562\u2013569 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04591-w","volume":"41","author":"S Schaer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Schaer, S. et al. Assessing cancer risk in the anterior part of the prostate using micro-ultrasound: validation of a novel distinct protocol. World J. Urol. 41, 3325 (2023).","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24628","volume":"84","author":"AM Pedraza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedraza, A. M. et al. Microultrasound in the detection of the index lesion in prostate cancer. Prostate 84, 79\u201386 (2024).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1111_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2024.06.017","volume":"66","author":"SR Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, S. R. et al. Inter-reader agreement for prostate cancer detection using micro-ultrasound: a multi-institutional study. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 66, 93\u2013100 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Open Sci."},{"key":"1111_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.04.008","volume":"76","author":"AJ Lu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lu, A. J. et al. Role of core number and location in targeted magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound fusion prostate biopsy. Eur. Urol. 76, 14\u201317 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2023.11.018","volume":"184","author":"P Albers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albers, P. et al. Value of incremental biopsy cores for microultrasound targeted prostate biopsies. Urology 184, 142\u2013148 (2024).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"1111_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.48083\/KKVJ7280","volume":"3","author":"H Cash","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cash, H. et al. Prostate cancer detection by novice micro-ultrasound users enrolled in a training program. Soc. Int. Urol. J. 3, 62\u201368 (2022).","journal-title":"Soc. Int. Urol. J."},{"key":"1111_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E70","DOI":"10.5489\/cuaj.5361","volume":"13","author":"G Eure","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eure, G., Fanney, D., Lin, J., Wodlinger, B. & Ghai, S. Comparison of conventional transrectal ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and micro-ultrasound for visualizing prostate cancer in an active surveillance population: a feasibility study. Can. Urol. Assoc. J. 13, E70 (2018).","journal-title":"Can. Urol. Assoc. J."},{"key":"1111_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24532","volume":"83","author":"D Maffei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maffei, D. et al. Diagnostic performance of microUltrasound at MRI-guided confirmatory biopsy in patients under active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. Prostate 83, 886\u2013895 (2023).","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"1111_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2022.09.019","volume":"46","author":"P Albers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Albers, P. et al. Micro-ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer active surveillance. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 46, 33\u201335 (2022).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Open Sci."},{"key":"1111_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euros.2020.05.002","volume":"19","author":"F Regis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Regis, F. et al. Use of 29-MHz Micro-ultrasound for local staging of prostate cancer in patients scheduled for radical prostatectomy: a feasibility study. Eur. Urol. Open Sci. 19, 20\u201323 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Open Sci."},{"key":"1111_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-021-03890-4","volume":"40","author":"V Fasulo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fasulo, V. et al. Use of high-resolution micro-ultrasound to predict extraprostatic extension of prostate cancer prior to surgery: a prospective single-institutional study. World J. Urol. 40, 435\u2013442 (2022).","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1569-9056(18)33646-7","volume":"17","author":"F Staerman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Staerman, F. Can high resolution micro-ultrasound detect extra-prostatic extension? A new sonographic feature. Eur. Urol. Suppl. 17, e2762 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Suppl."},{"key":"1111_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.34743","volume":"154","author":"TPK Lehto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lehto, T. P. K. et al. Histomic and transcriptomic features of MRI-visible and invisible clinically significant prostate cancers are associated with prognosis. Int. J. Cancer 154, 926\u2013939 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cancer"},{"key":"1111_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.233371","volume":"313","author":"F Cornud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cornud, F. et al. MRI-directed micro-US-guided transperineal focal laser ablation for localized prostate cancer: a 1-year follow-up study. Radiology 313, e233371 (2024).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1111_CR67","first-page":"AUN.2020.01.000","volume":"1","author":"W Stanton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stanton, W., Crawford, E. D., Arangua, P., Hoyer, G. & Werahera, P. N. Evaluation of the 29Mhz micro-ultrasound imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment. Ann. Urol. Nephrol. 1, AUN.2020.01.000515\u00a0(2019).","journal-title":"Ann. Urol. Nephrol."},{"key":"1111_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2024.102326","volume":"112","author":"H Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang, H. et al. MicroSegNet: a deep learning approach for prostate segmentation on micro-ultrasound images. Comput. Med. Imaging Graph. 112, 102326 (2024).","journal-title":"Comput. Med. Imaging Graph."},{"key":"1111_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-023-02949-4","volume":"18","author":"M Gilany","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gilany, M. et al. TRUSformer: improving prostate cancer detection from micro-ultrasound using attention and self-supervision. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 18, 1193\u20131200 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"key":"1111_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-025-03335-y","volume":"20","author":"M Harmanani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Harmanani, M. et al. TRUSWorthy: toward clinically applicable deep learning for confident detection of prostate cancer in micro-ultrasound. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 20, 981\u2013989 (2025).","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg."},{"key":"1111_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pensa, J. et al. Deep learning classification of prostate cancer on confidently labeled micro-ultrasound images. Annu. Int. Conf. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc. 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EMBC53108.2024.10782375 (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/EMBC53108.2024.10782375"},{"key":"1111_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilson, P. F. R. in Linguraru, M. G. (ed). Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention \u2013 MICCAI 2024 (ed. Linguraru, M. G.) 499\u2013509 (Springer, 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72111-3"},{"key":"1111_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.16892","volume":"136","author":"SR Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou, S. R. et al. ProMUS-NET: Artificial intelligence detects more prostate cancer than urologists on micro-ultrasonography. BJU Int. 136, 1071\u20131079 (2025).","journal-title":"BJU Int."},{"key":"1111_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2019.03.044","volume":"77","author":"A Saita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saita, A. et al. Assessing the feasibility and accuracy of high-resolution microultrasound imaging for bladder cancer detection and staging. Eur. Urol. 77, 727\u2013732 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3233\/BLC-211611","volume":"8","author":"P Diana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diana, P. et al. Head-to-head comparison between high-resolution microultrasound imaging and multiparametric MRI in detecting and local staging of bladder cancer: the bus-miss protocol. Bladder Cancer 8, 119\u2013127 (2022).","journal-title":"Bladder Cancer"},{"key":"1111_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16132309","volume":"16","author":"DY Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, D. Y. et al. Multiparametric ultrasound for focal testicular pathology: a ten-year retrospective review. Cancers 16, 2309 (2024). 2024;16:2309.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1111_CR77","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06941922 (2025)."},{"key":"1111_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-023-04760-x","volume":"42","author":"M Frankiewicz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frankiewicz, M. et al. Ultrasound imaging of male urethral stricture disease: a narrative review of the available evidence, focusing on selected prospective studies. World J. Urol. 42, 32 (2024).","journal-title":"World J. Urol."},{"key":"1111_CR79","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05558241 (2025)."},{"key":"1111_CR80","unstructured":"US National Library of Medicine. ClinicalTrials.gov https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06626022 (2025)."},{"key":"1111_CR81","unstructured":"German Clinical Trials Register. https:\/\/drks.de\/search\/en\/trial\/DRKS00036777 (2025)."}],"container-title":["Nature Reviews Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41585-025-01111-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41585-025-01111-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41585-025-01111-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T12:02:18Z","timestamp":1778241738000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41585-025-01111-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"references-count":81,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1111"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41585-025-01111-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1759-4812","1759-4820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1759-4812","type":"print"},{"value":"1759-4820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 November 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 November 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}