{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T22:11:05Z","timestamp":1794003065945,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7705","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0094-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,8]],"date-time":"2018-05-08T09:34:45Z","timestamp":1525772085000},"page":"369-374","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":457,"title":["137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"557","author":[{"given":"Peter de Barros","family":"Damgaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Marchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Peyrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Renaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorfinn","family":"Korneliussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. V\u00edctor","family":"Moreno-Mayar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikkel Winther","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Usmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurbol","family":"Baimukhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriy","family":"Loman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lotte","family":"Hedeager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders Gorm","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kasper","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gennady","family":"Afanasiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunbolot","family":"Akmatov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almaz","family":"Aldashev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashyk","family":"Alpaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabit","family":"Baimbetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vladimir I.","family":"Bazaliiskii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arman","family":"Beisenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bazartseren","family":"Boldbaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bazartseren","family":"Boldgiv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Choduraa","family":"Dorzhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sturla","family":"Ellingvag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diimaajav","family":"Erdenebaatar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rana","family":"Dajani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Dmitriev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeriy","family":"Evdokimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M.","family":"Frei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Gromov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Goryachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakon","family":"Hakonarson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Hegay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaruhi","family":"Khachatryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruslan","family":"Khaskhanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egor","family":"Kitov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Kolbina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tabaldiev","family":"Kubatbek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Kukushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Kukushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashot","family":"Margaryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Merkyte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilya V.","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor K.","family":"Mertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkhbayar","family":"Mijiddorj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Moiyesev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulmira","family":"Mukhtarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bekmukhanbet","family":"Nurmukhanbetov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Orozbekova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Panyushkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Pieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e1clav","family":"Smr\u010dka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Shevnina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrey","family":"Logvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl-G\u00f6ran","family":"Sj\u00f6gren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tereza","family":"\u0160tolcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela M.","family":"Taravella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadicha","family":"Tashbaeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Tkachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turaly","family":"Tulegenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy","family":"Voyakin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levon","family":"Yepiskoposyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sainbileg","family":"Undrakhbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Varfolomeev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Wilson Sayres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Kradin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten E.","family":"Allentoft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludovic","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasmus","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Sikora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Heyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eske","family":"Willerslev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"94_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14317","volume":"522","author":"W Haak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Haak, W. et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 522, 207\u2013211 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"94_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14507","volume":"522","author":"ME Allentoft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Allentoft, M. E. et al. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia. Nature 522, 167\u2013172 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"94_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16152","volume":"528","author":"I Mathieson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mathieson, I. et al. Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature 528, 499\u2013503 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"94_CR4","unstructured":"Chlenova, N. L. in The Archaeol ogy of th e Steppes: Methods and Strategies (ed. Genito, B.) 499\u2013540 (Istituto Universitario Orientale, Naples, 1994)."},{"key":"94_CR5","volume-title":"The Early Iron Age","author":"BN Grakov","year":"1977","unstructured":"Grakov, B. N., Yelagina, N. G. & Yatsenko, I. V. The Early Iron Age\u00a0(Moscow State Univ. Press, Moscow, 1977)."},{"key":"94_CR6","volume-title":"Europe Before History","author":"K Kristiansen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kristiansen, K. Europe Before History\u00a0(Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2000)."},{"key":"94_CR7","unstructured":"Parzinger, H. Die Fr\u00fchen V\u00f6lker Eurasiens: vom Neolithikum bis zum Mittelalter (CH Beck, M\u00fcnchen, 2006)."},{"key":"94_CR8","unstructured":"Alekseev, A. in The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Scythian and Sarmatian Treasures from the Russian Steppes (eds Aruz, J. et al.) 41\u201347 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2006)."},{"key":"94_CR9","unstructured":"Yablonsky, L. in The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Scythian and Sarmatian Treasures from the Russian Steppes (eds Aruz, J. et al.) 24\u201331 (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 2006)."},{"key":"94_CR10","unstructured":"Bashilov, V. A. & Yablonsky, L. T. in Kurgans, Ritual Sites, and Settlements: Eurasian Bronze and Iron Age (eds Davis-Kimball, J. et al.) 9\u201312 (Archaeopress, Oxford, 2000)."},{"key":"94_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms14615","volume":"8","author":"M Unterl\u00e4nder","year":"2017","unstructured":"Unterl\u00e4nder, M. et al. Ancestry and demography and descendants of Iron Age nomads of the Eurasian Steppe. Nat. Commun. 8, 14615 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"94_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1086\/663692","volume":"53","author":"MD Frachetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frachetti, M. D. Multiregional emergence of mobile pastoralism and nonuniform institutional complexity across Eurasia. Curr. Anthropol. 53, 2\u201338 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Anthropol."},{"key":"94_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1433.2008.00081.x","volume":"110","author":"PL Kohl","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kohl, P. L. Shared social fields: evolutionary convergence in prehistory and contemporary practice. Am. Anthropol. 110, 495\u2013506 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. Anthropol."},{"key":"94_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.094052.109","volume":"19","author":"DH Alexander","year":"2009","unstructured":"Alexander, D. H., Novembre, J. & Lange, K. Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals. Genome Res. 19, 1655\u20131664 (2009).","journal-title":"Genome Res."},{"key":"94_CR15","volume-title":"Lingvisti\u010deskie kontakty rannix tjurkov. Leksi\u010deskij fond","author":"AV Dybo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dybo, A. V. Lingvisti\u010deskie kontakty rannix tjurkov. Leksi\u010deskij fond (Vosto\u010dnaja Literatura, Moscow, 2007)."},{"key":"94_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1086\/377005","volume":"73","author":"C Keyser-Tracqui","year":"2003","unstructured":"Keyser-Tracqui, C., Crub\u00e9zy, E. & Ludes, B. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analysis of a 2,000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol Valley of Mongolia. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 73, 247\u2013260 (2003).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"94_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20429","volume":"131","author":"C Keyser-Tracqui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Keyser-Tracqui, C., Crub\u00e9zy, E., Pamzsav, H., Varga, T. & Ludes, B. Population origins in Mongolia: genetic structure analysis of ancient and modern DNA. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 131, 272\u2013281 (2006).","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"94_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.21242","volume":"142","author":"K Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim, K. et al. A western Eurasian male is found in 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in Northeast Mongolia. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 142, 429\u2013440 (2010).","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Anthropol."},{"key":"94_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pohl, W. in A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean (ed. McInerney, J.) 555\u2013568 (Wiley Blackwell, Chichester, 2014).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118834312.ch37"},{"key":"94_CR20","first-page":"3","volume":"49","author":"\u00c9 Vaissi\u00e8re De la","year":"2005","unstructured":"De la Vaissi\u00e8re, \u00c9. Huns et Xiongnu. Cent. Asiat. J. 49, 3\u201326 (2005).","journal-title":"Huns et Xiongnu. Cent. Asiat. J."},{"key":"94_CR21","volume-title":"In Search of the Indo-Europeans. Language, Archaeology and Myth","author":"JP Mallory","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mallory, J. P. In Search of the Indo-Europeans. Language, Archaeology and Myth\u00a0(Thames & Hudson, London, 1989)."},{"key":"94_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sinor, D. in The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (ed. Sinor, D.) 285\u2013316 (Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1990).","DOI":"10.1017\/CHOL9780521243049.012"},{"key":"94_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195167702.001.0001","volume-title":"The Turks in World History","author":"CV Findley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Findley, C. V. The Turks in World History\u00a0(Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, 2004)."},{"key":"94_CR24","unstructured":"Kradin, N. in Xiongnu Archaeology: Multidisciplinary Perspectives of the First Steppe Empire in Inner Asia (eds Brosseder, U. & Miller, B. K.) 77\u201396 (Universit\u00e4t Bonn, Bonn, 2011)."},{"key":"94_CR25","volume-title":"An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East","author":"PB Golden","year":"1992","unstructured":"Golden, P. B. An Introduction to the History of the Turkic Peoples: Ethnogenesis and State-Formation in Medieval and Early Modern Eurasia and the Middle East\u00a0(Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1992)."},{"key":"94_CR26","volume-title":"Warriors of the Steppe: a Military History of Central Asia, 500 BC to 1700 AD","author":"E Hildinger","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hildinger, E. Warriors of the Steppe: a Military History of Central Asia, 500 bc to 1700 ad (Da Capo Press, Cambridge, 1997)."},{"key":"94_CR27","volume-title":"Imperiya Imperija Chingis \u010cingis-Khana Xana [The Genghis Khan Empire]","author":"NN Kradin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kradin, N. N. & Skrynnikova, T. D. Imperiya Imperija Chingis \u010cingis-Khana Xana [The Genghis Khan Empire]\u00a0(Vosto\u010dnaja Literatura, Moscow, 2006)."},{"key":"94_CR28","volume-title":"Plague and the End of Antiquity: the Pandemic of 541\u2013750","author":"LK Little","year":"2007","unstructured":"Little, L. K. Plague and the End of Antiquity: the Pandemic of 541\u2013750\u00a0(Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2007)."},{"key":"94_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70323-2","volume":"14","author":"DM Wagner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wagner, D. M. et al. Yersinia pestis and the plague of Justinian 541\u2013543 ad: a genomic analysis. Lancet Infect. Dis. 14, 319\u2013326 (2014).","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"94_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205750110","volume":"110","author":"Y Cui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cui, Y. et al. Historical variations in mutation rate in an epidemic pathogen,\u00a0Yersinia pestis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 577\u2013582 (2013).","journal-title":"Yersinia pestis. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"94_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.009","volume":"163","author":"S Rasmussen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rasmussen, S. et al. Early divergent strains of Yersinia pestis in Eurasia 5,000 years ago. Cell 163, 571\u2013582 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"94_CR32","first-page":"571","volume":"15","author":"Y-CC Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun, Y.-C. C., Jarrett, C. O., Bosio, C. F. & Hinnebusch, B. J. Retracing the evolutionary path that led to flea-borne transmission of Yersinia pestis. Cell Host Microbe 15, 571\u2013582 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"94_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/ej.9789004160545.i-763","volume-title":"The Origin of the Indo-Iranians","author":"EE Kuz\u2019mina","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuz\u2019mina, E. E. The Origin of the Indo-Iranians\u00a0(Brill, Leiden, 2007)."},{"key":"94_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1017\/S0041977X05000248","volume":"68","author":"X Tremblay","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tremblay, X. Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica. Bull. Sch. Orient. Afr. Stud. 68, 421\u2013449 (2005).","journal-title":"Bull. Sch. Orient. Afr. Stud."},{"key":"94_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nichols, J. in Language Contact in Times of Globalization\u00a0(eds Hasselblatt, C. et al.) 177\u2013195 (Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2011).","DOI":"10.1163\/9789401200431_010"},{"key":"94_CR36","unstructured":"Johanson, L. in The Turkic Languages (eds Johanson, L. & Csat\u00f3, \u00c9. \u00c1.) 81\u2013125 (Routledge, London, 1998)."},{"key":"94_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johanson, L. in The Handbook of Language Contact (ed. Hickey, R.) 652\u2013672 (Wiley-Blackwell,\u00a0Chichester, 2010).","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444318159.ch32"},{"key":"94_CR38","volume-title":"Manchuria: an Ethnic History","author":"J Janhunen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Janhunen, J. Manchuria: an Ethnic History\u00a0(The Finno-Ugrian Society, Helsinki, 1996)."},{"key":"94_CR39","unstructured":"Doerfer, G. T\u00fcrkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen 1\u20134 (Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1963\u20131975)."},{"key":"94_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2657","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616392114","volume":"114","author":"A Goldberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldberg, A. et al. Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 2657\u20132662 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0488-1","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535587200000}}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0094-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0094-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0094-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,6]],"date-time":"2024-07-06T12:16:26Z","timestamp":1720268186000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-018-0094-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7705","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]}},"alternative-id":["94"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0094-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2018","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"with In this Article, Angela M. Taravella and Melissa A. Wilson Sayres have been added to the author list (associated with: School of Life Sciences, Center for Evolution and Medicine, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA). The author list and Author Information section have been corrected online.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}