{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:27:04Z","timestamp":1792621624145,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7826","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2425-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]],"date-time":"2020-06-11T12:02:33Z","timestamp":1591876953000},"page":"591-596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":266,"title":["The liver\u2013brain\u2013gut neural arc maintains the Treg cell niche in the gut"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"585","author":[{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Teratani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5104-4415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5203-7444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuhiro","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Okabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0721-2850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuya","family":"Hagihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuhito","family":"Taniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Kohno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harumichi","family":"Ishigame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Sung","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohisa","family":"Sujino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wataru","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahira","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaharu","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7482-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3274-551X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshihiko","family":"Yada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kitagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoru","family":"Tanida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusaku","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takanori","family":"Kanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4477","volume":"20","author":"VA Pavlov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pavlov, V. A. & Tracey, K. J. Neural regulation of immunity: molecular mechanisms and clinical translation. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 156\u2013166 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2425_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.027","volume":"167","author":"G Sharon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sharon, G., Sampson, T. R., Geschwind, D. H. & Mazmanian, S. K. The central nervous system and the gut microbiome. Cell 167, 915\u2013932 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-042718-041812","volume":"37","author":"C Godinho-Silva","year":"2019","unstructured":"Godinho-Silva, C., Cardoso, F. & Veiga-Fernandes, H. Neuro-immune cell units: a new paradigm in physiology. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 37, 19\u201346 (2019).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2025-2","volume":"578","author":"DB Graham","year":"2020","unstructured":"Graham, D. B. & Xavier, R. J. Pathway paradigms revealed from the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature 578, 527\u2013539 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2425_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.021","volume":"140","author":"DR Littman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Littman, D. R. & Rudensky, A. Y. TH17 and regulatory T cells in mediating and restraining inflammation. Cell 140, 845\u2013858 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18848","volume":"535","author":"K Honda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Honda, K. & Littman, D. R. The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease. Nature 535, 75\u201384 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2425_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030152","volume":"198","author":"W Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen, W. et al. Conversion of peripheral CD4+CD25\u2212 naive T cells to CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells by TGF-\u03b2 induction of transcription factor Foxp3. J. Exp. Med. 198, 1875\u20131886 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145697","volume":"317","author":"D Mucida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mucida, D. et al. Reciprocal TH17 and regulatory T cell differentiation mediated by retinoic acid. Science 317, 256\u2013260 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1241165","volume":"341","author":"PM Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith, P. M. et al. The microbial metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis. Science 341, 569\u2013573 (2013).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07008","volume":"453","author":"SK Mazmanian","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L. & Kasper, D. L. A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature 453, 620\u2013625 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2425_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.03.011","volume":"157","author":"Y Belkaid","year":"2014","unstructured":"Belkaid, Y. & Hand, T. W. Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation. Cell 157, 121\u2013141 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2335","volume":"8","author":"JL Coombes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coombes, J. L. & Powrie, F. Dendritic cells in intestinal immune regulation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8, 435\u2013446 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aac5560","volume":"351","author":"KS Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, K. S. et al. Dietary antigens limit mucosal immunity by inducing regulatory T cells in the small intestine. Science 351, 858\u2013863 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.06.008","volume":"46","author":"SS Chavan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chavan, S. S., Pavlov, V. A. & Tracey, K. J. Mechanisms and therapeutic relevance of neuro-immune communication. Immunity 46, 927\u2013942 (2017).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2425_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0247-z","volume":"20","author":"JR Huh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huh, J. R. & Veiga-Fernandes, H. Neuroimmune circuits in inter-organ communication. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 217\u2013228 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.02.017","volume":"52","author":"C Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu, C., Artis, D. & Chiu, I. M. Neuro-immune interactions in the tissues. Immunity 52, 464\u2013474 (2020).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2425_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.04.041","volume":"165","author":"H Veiga-Fernandes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Veiga-Fernandes, H. & Mucida, D. Neuro-immune interactions at barrier surfaces. Cell 165, 801\u2013811 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070590","volume":"204","author":"JL Coombes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coombes, J. L. et al. A functionally specialized population of mucosal CD103+ DCs induces Foxp3+ regulatory T cells via a TGF-\u03b2 and retinoic acid-dependent mechanism. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1757\u20131764 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070602","volume":"204","author":"C-M Sun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun, C.-M. et al. Small intestine lamina propria dendritic cells promote de novo generation of Foxp3 T reg cells via retinoic acid. J. Exp. Med. 204, 1775\u20131785 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3101","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20091925","volume":"206","author":"O Schulz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schulz, O. et al. Intestinal CD103+, but not CX3CR1+, antigen sampling cells migrate in lymph and serve classical dendritic cell functions. J. Exp. Med. 206, 3101\u20133114 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-074950","volume":"31","author":"M Merad","year":"2013","unstructured":"Merad, M., Sathe, P., Helft, J., Miller, J. & Mortha, A. The dendritic cell lineage: ontogeny and function of dendritic cells and their subsets in the steady state and the inflamed setting. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 31, 563\u2013604 (2013).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1622","volume":"9","author":"S Uematsu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Uematsu, S. et al. Regulation of humoral and cellular gut immunity by lamina propria dendritic cells expressing Toll-like receptor 5. Nat. Immunol. 9, 769\u2013776 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1511","volume":"8","author":"TL Denning","year":"2007","unstructured":"Denning, T. L., Wang, Y. C., Patel, S. R., Williams, I. R. & Pulendran, B. Lamina propria macrophages and dendritic cells differentially induce regulatory and interleukin 17-producing T cell responses. Nat. Immunol. 8, 1086\u20131094 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20088","volume":"280","author":"H-R Berthoud","year":"2004","unstructured":"Berthoud, H.-R. Anatomy and function of sensory hepatic nerves. Anat. Rec. A 280, 827\u2013835 (2004).","journal-title":"Anat. Rec. A"},{"key":"2425_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02488-y","volume":"9","author":"Y Iwasaki","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iwasaki, Y. et al. GLP-1 release and vagal afferent activation mediate the beneficial metabolic and chronotherapeutic effects of d-allulose. Nat. Commun. 9, 113 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2425_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad0135","volume":"350","author":"I Spadoni","year":"2015","unstructured":"Spadoni, I. et al. A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria. Science 350, 830\u2013834 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12347","volume":"499","author":"S Yoshimoto","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, S. et al. Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome. Nature 499, 97\u2013101 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2425_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8940","volume":"6","author":"K Uno","year":"2015","unstructured":"Uno, K. et al. A hepatic amino acid\/mTOR\/S6K-dependent signalling pathway modulates systemic lipid metabolism via neuronal signals. Nat. Commun. 6, 7940 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2425_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838105","volume":"38","author":"JK Polansky","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polansky, J. K. et al. DNA methylation controls Foxp3 gene expression. Eur. J. Immunol. 38, 1654\u20131663 (2008).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20120914","volume":"209","author":"JM Weiss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Weiss, J. M. et al. Neuropilin 1 is expressed on thymus-derived natural regulatory T cells, but not mucosa-generated induced Foxp3+ Treg cells. J. Exp. Med. 209, 1723\u20131742 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141623","volume":"30","author":"SZ Josefowicz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Josefowicz, S. Z., Lu, L.-F. & Rudensky, A. Y. Regulatory T cells: mechanisms of differentiation and function. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 30, 531\u2013564 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-020711-075058","volume":"30","author":"Y Kanno","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanno, Y., Vahedi, G., Hirahara, K., Singleton, K. & O\u2019Shea, J. J. Transcriptional and epigenetic control of T helper cell specification: molecular mechanisms underlying commitment and plasticity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 30, 707\u2013731 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1774","volume":"10","author":"X Zhou","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Instability of the transcription factor Foxp3 leads to the generation of pathogenic memory T cells in vivo. Nat. Immunol. 10, 1000\u20131007 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0324-7","volume":"30","author":"N Ohkura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ohkura, N. & Sakaguchi, S. Transcriptional and epigenetic basis of Treg cell development and function: its genetic anomalies or variations in autoimmune diseases. Cell Res. 30, 465\u2013474 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"2425_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.12.023","volume":"164","author":"I Gabanyi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gabanyi, I. et al. Neuro-immune interactions drive tissue programming in intestinal macrophages. Cell 164, 378\u2013391 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4829","volume":"359","author":"S Moriyama","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moriyama, S. et al. \u03b22-adrenergic receptor-mediated negative regulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cell responses. Science 359, 1056\u20131061 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1209985","volume":"334","author":"M Rosas-Ballina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosas-Ballina, M. et al. Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit. Science 334, 98\u2013101 (2011).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2425_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20052362","volume":"203","author":"JM Huston","year":"2006","unstructured":"Huston, J. M. et al. Splenectomy inactivates the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway during lethal endotoxemia and polymicrobial sepsis. J. Exp. Med. 203, 1623\u20131628 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11008","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803237105","volume":"105","author":"M Rosas-Ballina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosas-Ballina, M. et al. Splenic nerve is required for cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway control of TNF in endotoxemia. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105, 11008\u201311013 (2008).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2425_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R235","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00298.2018","volume":"316","author":"D Martelli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martelli, D., Farmer, D. G. S., McKinley, M. J., Yao, S. T. & McAllen, R. M. Anti-inflammatory reflex action of splanchnic sympathetic nerves is distributed across abdominal organs. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 316, R235\u2013R242 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2425_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.10.016","volume":"24","author":"K Karimi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karimi, K., Bienenstock, J., Wang, L. & Forsythe, P. The vagus nerve modulates CD4+ T cell activity. Brain Behav. Immun. 24, 316\u2013323 (2010).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2425_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1118","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.90904.2008","volume":"297","author":"C O\u2019Mahony","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Mahony, C., van der Kleij, H., Bienenstock, J., Shanahan, F. & O\u2019Mahony, L. Loss of vagal anti-inflammatory effect: in vivo visualization and adoptive transfer. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 297, R1118\u2013R1126 (2009).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"2425_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00062","volume":"22","author":"M Di Giovangiulio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Di Giovangiulio, M. et al. Vagotomy affects the development of oral tolerance and increases susceptibility to develop colitis independently of the \u03b1-7 nicotinic receptor. Mol. Med. 22, 464\u2013476 (2016).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2018-317182","volume":"68","author":"AD Frolkis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Frolkis, A. D. et al. Depression increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease, which may be mitigated by the use of antidepressants in the treatment of depression. Gut 68, 1606\u20131612 (2019).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2425_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250ra115","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009569","volume":"6","author":"C-M Zhao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhao, C.-M. et al. Denervation suppresses gastric tumorigenesis. Sci. Transl. Med. 6, 250ra115 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.049","volume":"175","author":"W Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han, W. et al. A neural circuit for gut-induced reward. Cell 175, 665\u2013678 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.02.016","volume":"140","author":"CK Glass","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glass, C. K., Saijo, K., Winner, B., Marchetto, M. C. & Gage, F. H. Mechanisms underlying inflammation in neurodegeneration. Cell 140, 918\u2013934 (2010).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4185","volume":"22","author":"BO Schroeder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schroeder, B. O. & B\u00e4ckhed, F. Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease. Nat. Med. 22, 1079\u20131089 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2425_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12792","volume":"28","author":"B Bonaz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bonaz, B. et al. Chronic vagus nerve stimulation in Crohn\u2019s disease: a 6-month follow-up pilot study. Neurogastroenterol. Motil. 28, 948\u2013953 (2016).","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"key":"2425_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.03.005","volume":"2","author":"N Nagoshi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nagoshi, N. et al. Ontogeny and multipotency of neural crest-derived stem cells in mouse bone marrow, dorsal root ganglia, and whisker pad. Cell Stem Cell 2, 392\u2013403 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"2425_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2467","volume":"13","author":"L Madisen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madisen, L. et al. A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 133\u2013140 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2425_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00104","volume":"12","author":"G Dezfuli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dezfuli, G. et al. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy with pyloroplasty ameliorates the obesity caused by genetic deletion of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the mouse. Front. Neurosci. 12, 104 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"2425_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.02.032","volume":"14","author":"K Kimura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kimura, K. et al. Central insulin action activates Kupffer cells by suppressing hepatic vagal activation via the nicotinic \u03b17 acetylcholine receptor. Cell Rep. 14, 2362\u20132374 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2425_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI129502","volume":"129","author":"H Mohammadpour","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammadpour, H. et al. \u03b22 adrenergic receptor-mediated signaling regulates the immunosuppressive potential of myeloid-derived suppressor cells. J. Clin. Invest. 129, 5537\u20135552 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2425_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e85888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085888","volume":"9","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yamamoto, T. et al. Anti-allergic role of cholinergic neuronal pathway via \u03b17 nicotinic ACh receptors on mucosal mast cells in a murine food allergy model. PLoS ONE 9, e85888 (2014).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2425_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2005.12.007","volume":"54","author":"M Yamada","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yamada, M., Terayama, R., Bando, Y., Kasai, S. & Yoshida, S. Regeneration of the abdominal postganglionic sympathetic system. Neurosci. Res. 54, 261\u2013268 (2006).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"2425_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040379","volume":"40","author":"Y Mikami","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mikami, Y. et al. Competition between colitogenic Th1 and Th17 cells contributes to the amelioration of colitis. Eur. J. Immunol. 40, 2409\u20132422 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.05.013","volume":"13","author":"A Hayashi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hayashi, A. et al. A single strain of Clostridium butyricum induces intestinal IL-10-producing macrophages to suppress acute experimental colitis in mice. Cell Host Microbe 13, 711\u2013722 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"2425_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.044","volume":"12","author":"S Wirtz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wirtz, S. et al. Chemically induced mouse models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat. Protoc. 12, 1295\u20131309 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2425_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.258","volume":"2","author":"MC Fantini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fantini, M. C., Dominitzki, S., Rizzo, A., Neurath, M. F. & Becker, C. In vitro generation of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory cells from murine naive T cells. Nat. Protoc. 2, 1789\u20131794 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"2425_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.05.005","volume":"46","author":"S Iwata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iwata, S. et al. The transcription factor T-bet limits amplification of type I IFN transcriptome and circuitry in T helper 1 cells. Immunity 46, 983\u2013991 (2017).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2425_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3519","volume":"34","author":"NL Bray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bray, N. L., Pimentel, H., Melsted, P. & Pachter, L. Near-optimal probabilistic RNA-seq quantification. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 525\u2013527 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"2425_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.10.022","volume":"21","author":"N Nakamoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakamoto, N. et al. Commensal Lactobacillus controls immune tolerance during acute liver injury in mice. Cell Rep. 21, 1215\u20131226 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2425_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","volume":"7","author":"JG Caporaso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caporaso, J. G. et al. QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data. Nat. Methods 7, 335\u2013336 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2425_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10.7.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471250953.bi1007s36","volume":"36","author":"J Kuczynski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuczynski, J. et al. Using QIIME to analyze 16S rRNA gene sequences from microbial communities. Curr Protoc Bioinformatics 36, 10.7.1\u201310.7.20 (2011).","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2425_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.14806\/ej.17.1.200","volume":"17","author":"M Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin, M. Cutadapt removes adapter sequences from high-throughput sequencing reads. EMBnet.journal 17, 10\u201312 (2011).","journal-title":"EMBnet.journal"},{"key":"2425_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr381","volume":"27","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C., Haas, B. J., Clemente, J. C., Quince, C. & Knight, R. UCHIME improves sensitivity and speed of chimera detection. Bioinformatics 27, 2194\u20132200 (2011).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2425_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq461","volume":"26","author":"RC Edgar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Edgar, R. C. Search and clustering orders of magnitude faster than BLAST. Bioinformatics 26, 2460\u20132461 (2010).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2425_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89","DOI":"10.1038\/ctg.2015.20","volume":"6","author":"A Tsuda","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsuda, A. et al. Influence of proton-pump inhibitors on the luminal microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol. 6, e89 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"2425_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2014.82","volume":"8","author":"PR de Jong","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Jong, P. R. et al. TRPM8 on mucosal sensory nerves regulates colitogenic responses by innate immune cells via CGRP. Mucosal Immunol. 8, 491\u2013504 (2015).","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol."},{"key":"2425_CR71","first-page":"2209","volume":"118","author":"J-E Ghia","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ghia, J.-E., Blennerhassett, P. & Collins, S. M. Impaired parasympathetic function increases susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model of depression. J. Clin. Invest. 118, 2209\u20132218 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"2425_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.04.003","volume":"57","author":"A Houlden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Houlden, A. et al. Brain injury induces specific changes in the caecal microbiota of mice via altered autonomic activity and mucoprotein production. Brain Behav. Immun. 57, 10\u201320 (2016).","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"2425_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI92863","volume":"128","author":"T Teratani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teratani, T. et al. Aortic carboxypeptidase-like protein, a WNT ligand, exacerbates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Clin. Invest. 128, 1581\u20131596 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2425-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2425-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2425-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T05:25:08Z","timestamp":1650518708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2425-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7826","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]}},"alternative-id":["2425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2425-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 November 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"T. Suzuki and K.M. are current employees of Miyarisan Pharmaceutical.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}