{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T10:28:25Z","timestamp":1792405705774,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7839","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605052800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]},"DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2894-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]],"date-time":"2020-11-11T17:02:50Z","timestamp":1605114170000},"page":"648-652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":176,"title":["Spatial connectivity matches direction selectivity in visual cortex"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"588","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. Federico","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-6456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth D.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4880-7682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Carandini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab1687","volume":"349","author":"A Wertz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wertz, A. et al. Single-cell-initiated monosynaptic tracing reveals layer-specific cortical network modules. Science 349, 70\u201374 (2015).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2894_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09880","volume":"473","author":"H Ko","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ko, H. et al. Functional specificity of local synaptic connections in neocortical networks. Nature 473, 87\u201391 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1038\/nature23019","volume":"547","author":"MF Iacaruso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacaruso, M. F., Gasler, I. T. & Hofer, S. B. Synaptic organization of visual space in primary visual cortex. Nature 547, 449\u2013452 (2017).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17192","volume":"532","author":"WC Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, W. C. et al. Anatomy and function of an excitatory network in the visual cortex. Nature 532, 370\u2013374 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4323","volume":"19","author":"DE Wilson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wilson, D. E., Whitney, D. E., Scholl, B. & Fitzpatrick, D. Orientation selectivity and the functional clustering of synaptic inputs in primary visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 1003\u20131009 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14182","volume":"518","author":"L Cossell","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cossell, L. et al. Functional organization of excitatory synaptic strength in primary visual cortex. Nature 518, 399\u2013403 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0354-1","volume":"560","author":"DE Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson, D. E., Scholl, B. & Fitzpatrick, D. Differential tuning of excitation and inhibition shapes direction selectivity in ferret visual cortex. Nature 560, 97\u2013101 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12354","volume":"499","author":"TW Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, T. W. et al. Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity. Nature 499, 295\u2013300 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08947","volume":"464","author":"H Jia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jia, H., Rochefort, N. L., Chen, X. & Konnerth, A. Dendritic organization of sensory input to cortical neurons in vivo. Nature 464, 1307\u20131312 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13260","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3131-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"AM Packer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Packer, A. M. & Yuste, R. Dense, unspecific connectivity of neocortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons: a canonical microcircuit for inhibition? J. Neurosci. 31, 13260\u201313271 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2876","volume":"14","author":"SB Hofer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hofer, S. B. et al. Differential connectivity and response dynamics of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 1045\u20131052 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.01.033","volume":"53","author":"IR Wickersham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wickersham, I. R. et al. Monosynaptic restriction of transsynaptic tracing from single, genetically targeted neurons. Neuron 53, 639\u2013647 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1965.sp007638","volume":"178","author":"HB Barlow","year":"1965","unstructured":"Barlow, H. B. & Levick, W. R. The mechanism of directionally selective units in rabbit\u2019s retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 178, 477\u2013504 (1965).","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2894_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01179","volume":"420","author":"SI Fried","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fried, S. I., M\u00fcnch, T. A. & Werblin, F. S. Mechanisms and circuitry underlying directional selectivity in the retina. Nature 420, 411\u2013414 (2002).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09818","volume":"471","author":"KL Briggman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Briggman, K. L., Helmstaedter, M. & Denk, W. Wiring specificity in the direction-selectivity circuit of the retina. Nature 471, 183\u2013188 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3165","volume":"13","author":"DI Vaney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vaney, D. I., Sivyer, B. & Taylor, W. R. Direction selectivity in the retina: symmetry and asymmetry in structure and function. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 194\u2013208 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13240","volume":"509","author":"JS Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim, J. S. et al. Space-time wiring specificity supports direction selectivity in the retina. Nature 509, 331\u2013336 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1038\/1609","volume":"1","author":"JM Alonso","year":"1998","unstructured":"Alonso, J. M. & Martinez, L. M. Functional connectivity between simple cells and complex cells in cat striate cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 1, 395\u2013403 (1998).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-vision-111815-114456","volume":"2","author":"NJ Priebe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Priebe, N. J. Mechanisms of orientation selectivity in the primary visual cortex. Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci. 2, 85\u2013107 (2016).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci."},{"key":"2894_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.027","volume":"72","author":"JS Isaacson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isaacson, J. S. & Scanziani, M. How inhibition shapes cortical activity. Neuron 72, 231\u2013243 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.06.017","volume":"71","author":"BH Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu, B. H. et al. Broad inhibition sharpens orientation selectivity by expanding input dynamic range in mouse simple cells. Neuron 71, 542\u2013554 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Znamenskiy, P. et al. Functional selectivity and specific connectivity of inhibitory neurons in primary visual cortex. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/294835 (2018).","DOI":"10.1101\/294835"},{"key":"2894_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11312","volume":"488","author":"SH Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee, S. H. et al. Activation of specific interneurons improves V1 feature selectivity and visual perception. Nature 488, 379\u2013383 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.12.013","volume":"73","author":"BV Atallah","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atallah, B. V., Bruns, W., Carandini, M. & Scanziani, M. Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons linearly transform cortical responses to visual stimuli. Neuron 73, 159\u2013170 (2012).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11347","volume":"488","author":"NR Wilson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wilson, N. R., Runyan, C. A., Wang, F. L. & Sur, M. Division and subtraction by distinct cortical inhibitory networks in vivo. Nature 488, 343\u2013348 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14371","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"WP Ma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ma, W. P. et al. Visual representations by cortical somatostatin inhibitory neurons\u2013selective but with weak and delayed responses. J. Neurosci. 30, 14371\u201314379 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00064-3","volume":"37","author":"C Monier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Monier, C., Chavane, F., Baudot, P., Graham, L. J. & Fr\u00e9gnac, Y. Orientation and direction selectivity of synaptic inputs in visual cortical neurons: a diversity of combinations produces spike tuning. Neuron 37, 663\u2013680 (2003).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80991-5","volume":"20","author":"MS Livingstone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Livingstone, M. S. Mechanisms of direction selectivity in macaque V1. Neuron 20, 509\u2013526 (1998).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271891","volume":"594","author":"X Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Primary visual cortex shows laminar-specific and balanced circuit organization of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connectivity. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 594, 1891\u20131910 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2894_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08935","volume":"464","author":"H Adesnik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adesnik, H. & Scanziani, M. Lateral competition for cortical space by layer-specific horizontal circuits. Nature 464, 1155\u20131160 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.044784","volume":"551","author":"C Holmgren","year":"2003","unstructured":"Holmgren, C., Harkany, T., Svennenfors, B. & Zilberter, Y. Pyramidal cell communication within local networks in layer 2\/3 of rat neocortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 551, 139\u2013153 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Physiol. (Lond.)"},{"key":"2894_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Weiler, S. et al. Relationship between input connectivity, morphology and orientation tuning of layer 2\/3 pyramidal cells in mouse visual cortex. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.06.03.127191 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.06.03.127191"},{"key":"2894_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4196","volume":"19","author":"W Sun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sun, W., Tan, Z., Mensh, B. D. & Ji, N. Thalamus provides layer 4 of primary visual cortex with orientation- and direction-tuned inputs. Nat. Neurosci. 19, 308\u2013315 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12270","volume":"7","author":"DL Ringach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ringach, D. L. et al. Spatial clustering of tuning in mouse primary visual cortex. Nat. Commun. 7, 12270 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2894_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0135-z","volume":"21","author":"T Marques","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marques, T., Nguyen, J., Fioreze, G. & Petreanu, L. The functional organization of cortical feedback inputs to primary visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 21, 757\u2013764 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2974-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"V Bonin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonin, V., Histed, M. H., Yurgenson, S. & Reid, R. C. Local diversity and fine-scale organization of receptive fields in mouse visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 31, 18506\u201318521 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12587","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1124-14.2014","volume":"34","author":"ME Garrett","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garrett, M. E., Nauhaus, I., Marshel, J. H. & Callaway, E. M. Topography and areal organization of mouse visual cortex. J. Neurosci. 34, 12587\u201312600 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11665","volume":"493","author":"B Haider","year":"2013","unstructured":"Haider, B., H\u00e4usser, M. & Carandini, M. Inhibition dominates sensory responses in the awake cortex. Nature 493, 97\u2013100 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2443","volume":"13","author":"BH Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu, B. H. et al. Intervening inhibition underlies simple-cell receptive field structure in visual cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 13, 89\u201396 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu049","volume":"25","author":"YT Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li, Y. T., Liu, B. H., Chou, X. L., Zhang, L. I. & Tao, H. W. Strengthening of direction selectivity by broadly tuned and spatiotemporally slightly offset inhibition in mouse visual cortex. Cereb. Cortex 25, 2466\u20132477 (2015).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"2894_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3488","volume":"16","author":"AD Lien","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lien, A. D. & Scanziani, M. Tuned thalamic excitation is amplified by visual cortical circuits. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 1315\u20131323 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3494","volume":"16","author":"YT Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, Y. T., Ibrahim, L. A., Liu, B. H., Zhang, L. I. & Tao, H. W. Linear transformation of thalamocortical input by intracortical excitation. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 1324\u20131330 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4566","volume":"20","author":"D Hillier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hillier, D. et al. Causal evidence for retina-dependent and -independent visual motion computations in mouse cortex. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 960\u2013968 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz-Mart\u00edn, A. et al. A dedicated circuit links direction-selective retinal ganglion cells to the primary visual cortex. Nature 507, 358\u2013361 (2014).","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12989"},{"key":"2894_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0148-5","volume":"558","author":"AD Lien","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lien, A. D. & Scanziani, M. Cortical direction selectivity emerges at convergence of thalamic synapses. Nature 558, 80\u201386 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2894_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9810","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307754101","volume":"101","author":"A Thiele","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thiele, A., Distler, C., Korbmacher, H. & Hoffmann, K. P. Contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to direction selectivity and response normalization in macaque middle temporal area. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 101, 9810\u20139815 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2894_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Madisen, L. et al. Transgenic mice for intersectional targeting of neural sensors and effectors with high specificity and performance. Neuron 85,\u00a0942\u2013958 (2015).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.02.022"},{"key":"2894_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01056.2015","volume":"115","author":"JB Wekselblatt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wekselblatt, J. B., Flister, E. D., Piscopo, D. M. & Niell, C. M. Large-scale imaging of cortical dynamics during sensory perception and behavior. J. Neurophysiol. 115, 2852\u20132866 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"2894_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06309.2002","volume":"22","author":"JA Gorski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gorski, J. A. et al. Cortical excitatory neurons and glia, but not GABAergic neurons, are produced in the Emx1-expressing lineage. J. Neurosci. 22, 6309\u20136314 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5293.1678","volume":"274","author":"M Mayford","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mayford, M. et al. Control of memory formation through regulated expression of a CaMKII transgene. Science 274, 1678\u20131683 (1996).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2894_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.03.027","volume":"86","author":"SP Peron","year":"2015","unstructured":"Peron, S. P., Freeman, J., Iyer, V., Guo, C. & Svoboda, K. A cellular resolution map of barrel cortex activity during tactile behavior. Neuron 86, 783\u2013799 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth999","volume":"4","author":"IR Wickersham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wickersham, I. R., Finke, S., Conzelmann, K. K. & Callaway, E. M. Retrograde neuronal tracing with a deletion-mutant rabies virus. Nat. Methods 4, 47\u201349 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2894_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.08.001","volume":"67","author":"JH Marshel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshel, J. H., Mori, T., Nielsen, K. J. & Callaway, E. M. Targeting single neuronal networks for gene expression and cell labeling in vivo. Neuron 67, 562\u2013574 (2010).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2765","volume":"14","author":"EA Rancz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rancz, E. A. et al. Transfection via whole-cell recording in vivo: bridging single-cell physiology, genetics and connectomics. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 527\u2013532 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.07.005","volume":"71","author":"F Osakada","year":"2011","unstructured":"Osakada, F. et al. New rabies virus variants for monitoring and manipulating activity and gene expression in defined neural circuits. Neuron 71, 617\u2013631 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2014.165","volume":"9","author":"GJ Goldey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goldey, G. J. et al. Removable cranial windows for long-term imaging in awake mice. Nat. Protocols 9, 2515\u20132538 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Protocols"},{"key":"2894_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.56","volume":"4","author":"B Judkewitz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Judkewitz, B., Rizzi, M., Kitamura, K. & H\u00e4usser, M. Targeted single-cell electroporation of mammalian neurons in vivo. Nat. Protocols 4, 862\u2013869 (2009).","journal-title":"Nat. Protocols"},{"key":"2894_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth1150","volume":"5","author":"K Kitamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kitamura, K., Judkewitz, B., Kano, M., Denk, W. & H\u00e4usser, M. Targeted patch-clamp recordings and single-cell electroporation of unlabeled neurons in vivo. Nat. Methods 5, 61\u201367 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2894_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925X-2-13","volume":"2","author":"TA Pologruto","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pologruto, T. A., Sabatini, B. L. & Svoboda, K. ScanImage: flexible software for operating laser scanning microscopes. Biomed. Eng. Online 2, 13 (2003).","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"2894_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.03.067","volume":"15","author":"EJ Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim, E. J., Jacobs, M. W., Ito-Cole, T. & Callaway, E. M. Improved monosynaptic neural circuit tracing using engineered rabies virus glycoproteins. Cell Rep. 15, 692\u2013699 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2894_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1596","volume":"8","author":"M Drobizhev","year":"2011","unstructured":"Drobizhev, M., Makarov, N. S., Tillo, S. E., Hughes, T. E. & Rebane, A. Two-photon absorption properties of fluorescent proteins. Nat. Methods 8, 393\u2013399 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"2894_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2012.00096","volume":"5","author":"M Brondi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brondi, M., Sato, S. S., Rossi, L. F., Ferrara, S. & Ratto, G. M. Finding a needle in a haystack: identification of EGFP tagged neurons during calcium imaging by means of two-photon spectral separation. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 5, 96 (2012).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"2894_CR63","first-page":"1","volume":"36","author":"M Kleiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kleiner, M. et al. What\u2019s new in psychtoolbox-3. Perception 36, 1\u201316 (2007).","journal-title":"Perception"},{"key":"2894_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.08.047","volume":"20","author":"CP Burgess","year":"2017","unstructured":"Burgess, C. P. et al. High-yield methods for accurate two-alternative visual psychophysics in head-fixed mice. Cell Rep. 20, 2513\u20132524 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"2894_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pachitariu, M. et al. Suite2p beyond 10,000 neurons with standard two-photon microscopy. Preprint at https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/061507 (2016).","DOI":"10.1101\/061507"},{"key":"2894_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.037","volume":"98","author":"M Dipoppa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dipoppa, M. et al. Vision and locomotion shape the interactions between neuron types in mouse visual cortex. Neuron 98, 602\u2013615 (2018).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2894_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v031.i10","volume":"31","author":"P Berens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berens, P. CircStat: a MATLAB toolbox for circular statistics. J. Stat. Softw. 31, 1\u201321 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2894-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2894-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2894-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,18]],"date-time":"2022-04-18T02:19:23Z","timestamp":1650248363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-020-2894-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7839","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,24]]}},"alternative-id":["2894"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-020-2894-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}