{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T06:55:29Z","timestamp":1793170529213,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7858","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Atmospheric acidity is increasingly determined by carbon dioxide and organic acids\n                    <jats:sup>1\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Among the latter, formic acid facilitates the nucleation of cloud droplets\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    and contributes to the acidity of clouds and rainwater\n                    <jats:sup>1,5<\/jats:sup>\n                    . At present, chemistry\u2013climate models greatly underestimate the atmospheric burden of formic acid, because key processes related to its sources and sinks remain poorly understood\n                    <jats:sup>2,6\u20139<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here we present atmospheric chamber experiments that show that formaldehyde is efficiently converted to gaseous formic acid via a multiphase pathway that involves its hydrated form, methanediol. In warm cloud droplets, methanediol undergoes fast outgassing but slow dehydration. Using a chemistry\u2013climate model, we estimate that the gas-phase oxidation of methanediol produces up to four times more formic acid than all other known chemical sources combined. Our findings reconcile model predictions and measurements of formic acid abundance. The additional formic acid burden increases atmospheric acidity by reducing the pH of clouds and rainwater by up to 0.3. The diol mechanism presented here probably applies to other aldehydes and may help to explain the high atmospheric levels of other organic acids that affect aerosol growth and cloud evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03462-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T12:03:49Z","timestamp":1620821029000},"page":"233-237","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Ubiquitous atmospheric production of organic acids mediated by cloud droplets"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"593","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-458X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.","family":"Franco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4005-900X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Blumenstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8805-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Clarisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0394-7200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Clerbaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.-F.","family":"Coheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"De Mazi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"De Smedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5945-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.-P.","family":"Dorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Emmerichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1263-0061","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Gkatzelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7986-1924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. W. T.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2542-3005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Gromov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4269-1677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. W.","family":"Hannigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5722-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Hohaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kerkweg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3166-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Kiendler-Scharr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Lutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5251-0286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Mahieu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-617X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1156-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Paton-Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Pommier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2440-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Pozzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Reimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5929-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Rosanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-2092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9947-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Tillmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Van Roozendael","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7845-684X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Vereecken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Vigouroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8948-1928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Wahner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2213-6307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Taraborrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"3462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8771","DOI":"10.1029\/JC087iC11p08771","volume":"87","author":"JN Galloway","year":"1982","unstructured":"Galloway, J. N., Likens, G. E., Keene, W. C. & Miller, J. M. The composition of precipitation in remote areas of the world. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 8771\u20138786 (1982).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"3462_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-14-0378.1","volume":"72","author":"WC Keene","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keene, W. C. et al. Atmospheric wet deposition in remote regions: benchmarks for environmental change. J. Atmos. Sci. 72, 2947\u20132978 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"3462_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10485","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00026","volume":"50","author":"HA Kj\u00e6r","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kj\u00e6r, H. A. et al. An optical dye method for continuous determination of acidity in ice cores. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 10485\u201310493 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3462_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8095(00)00037-5","volume":"53","author":"S Yu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yu, S. Role of organic acids (formic, acetic, pyruvic and oxalic) in the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN): a review. Atmos. Res. 53, 185\u2013217 (2000).","journal-title":"Atmos. Res."},{"key":"3462_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/304427a0","volume":"304","author":"WL Chameides","year":"1983","unstructured":"Chameides, W. L. & Davis, D. D. Aqueous-phase source of formic acid in clouds. Nature 304, 427\u2013429 (1983).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3462_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-1989-2011","volume":"11","author":"F Paulot","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paulot, F. et al. Importance of secondary sources in the atmospheric budgets of formic and acetic acids. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 1989\u20132013 (2011).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1354","volume":"5","author":"T Stavrakou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stavrakou, T. et al. Satellite evidence for a large source of formic acid from boreal and tropical forests. Nat. Geosci. 5, 26\u201330 (2012).","journal-title":"Nat. Geosci."},{"key":"3462_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6283","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-6283-2015","volume":"15","author":"DB Millet","year":"2015","unstructured":"Millet, D. B. et al. A large and ubiquitous source of atmospheric formic acid. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 6283\u20136304 (2015).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-12-2307-2019","volume":"12","author":"J-F M\u00fcller","year":"2019","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, J.-F., Stavrakou, T. & Peeters, J. Chemistry and deposition in the model of atmospheric composition at global and regional scales using inversion techniques for trace gas emissions (MAGRITTE v1.1). Part 1: chemical mechanism. Geosci. Model Dev. 12, 2307\u20132356 (2019).","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"3462_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1016\/1352-2310(96)00102-1","volume":"30","author":"A Chebbi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chebbi, A. & Carlier, P. Carboxylic acids in the troposphere, occurrence, sources, and sinks: a review. Atmos. Environ. 30, 4233\u20134249 (1996).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"3462_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-3-717-2010","volume":"3","author":"P J\u00f6ckel","year":"2010","unstructured":"J\u00f6ckel, P. et al. Development cycle 2 of the modular earth submodel system (MESSy2). Geosci. Model Dev. 3, 717\u2013752 (2010).","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"3462_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04824-2","volume":"9","author":"MF Shaw","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shaw, M. F. et al. Photo-tautomerization of acetaldehyde as a photochemical source of formic acid in the troposphere. Nat. Commun. 9, 2584 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"3462_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13963","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JD029633","volume":"123","author":"B Franco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Franco, B. et al. A general framework for global retrievals of trace gases from IASI: application to methanol, formic acid, and PAN. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 123, 13963\u201313984 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres"},{"key":"3462_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5631","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b06385","volume":"50","author":"S Chaliyakunnel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chaliyakunnel, S., Millet, D. B., Wells, K. C., Cady-Pereira, K. E. & Shephard, M. W. A large underestimate of formic acid from tropical fires: constraints from space-borne measurements. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50, 5631\u20135640 (2016).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3462_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1029\/2018GL081526","volume":"46","author":"HD Alwe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alwe, H. D. et al. Oxidation of volatile organic compounds as the major source of formic acid in a mixed forest canopy. Geophys. Res. Lett. 46, 2940\u20132948 (2019).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"3462_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9097","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-19-9097-2019","volume":"19","author":"X Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, X. et al. On the sources and sinks of atmospheric VOCs: an integrated analysis of recent aircraft campaigns over North America. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 19, 9097\u20139123 (2019).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10237","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-18-10237-2018","volume":"18","author":"EL Mungall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mungall, E. L. et al. High gas-phase mixing ratios of formic and acetic acid in the High Arctic. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 18, 10237\u201310254 (2018).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9807","DOI":"10.1029\/JD091iD09p09807","volume":"91","author":"DJ Jacob","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jacob, D. J. Chemistry of OH in remote clouds and its role in the production of formic acid and peroxymonosulfate. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 9807\u20139826 (1986).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"3462_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-565-2006","volume":"6","author":"H Tost","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tost, H., J\u00f6ckel, P., Kerkweg, A., Sander, R. & Lelieveld, J. Technical note: a new comprehensive SCAVenging submodel for global atmospheric chemistry modelling. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 565\u2013574 (2006).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-12-1365-2019","volume":"12","author":"R Sander","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sander, R. et al. The community atmospheric chemistry box model CAABA\/MECCA-4.0. Geosci. Model Dev. 12, 1365\u20131385 (2019).","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"3462_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4067","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(02)00358-5","volume":"57","author":"JGM Winkelman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Winkelman, J. G. M., Voorwinde, O. K., Ottens, M., Beenackers, A. A. C. M. & Janssen, L. P. B. M. Kinetics and chemical equilibrium of the hydration of formaldehyde. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57, 4067\u20134076 (2002).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"3462_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006501706704","volume":"20","author":"R Sander","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sander, R. Modeling atmospheric chemistry: interactions between gas-phase species and liquid cloud\/aerosol particles. Surv. Geophys. 20, 1\u201331 (1999).","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"3462_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS-D-13-042.1","volume":"70","author":"D Jarecka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jarecka, D., Grabowski, W. W., Morrison, H. & Pawlowska, H. Homogeneity of the subgrid-scale turbulent mixing in large-eddy simulation of shallow convection. J. Atmos. Sci. 70, 2751\u20132767 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"3462_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31599","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CP05541B","volume":"19","author":"L Vereecken","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vereecken, L., Novelli, A. & Taraborrelli, D. Unimolecular decay strongly limits the atmospheric impact of Criegee intermediates. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 31599\u201331612 (2017).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9733","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1916711117","volume":"117","author":"RL Caravan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Caravan, R. L. et al. Direct kinetic measurements and theoretical predictions of an isoprene-derived Criegee intermediate. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 9733\u20139740 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"3462_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6970","DOI":"10.1039\/C7CP08421H","volume":"20","author":"Z Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Nguyen, V. S., Harvey, J., M\u00fcller, J.-F. & Peeters, J. The photolysis of \u03b1-hydroperoxycarbonyls. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 20, 6970\u20136979 (2018).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7798","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.0c00526","volume":"54","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Aromatic photo-oxidation, a new source of atmospheric acidity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 54, 7798\u20137806 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3462_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1029\/1999JD900819","volume":"105","author":"P Bergamaschi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bergamaschi, P., Hein, R., Brenninkmeijer, C. A. M. & Crutzen, P. J. Inverse modeling of the global CO cycle: 2. Inversion of 13C\/12C and 18O\/16O isotope ratios. J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres 105, 1929\u20131945 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres"},{"key":"3462_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-15-1975-2015","volume":"15","author":"B Yuan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yuan, B. et al. Investigation of secondary formation of formic acid: urban environment vs. oil and gas producing region. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 15, 1975\u20131993 (2015).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11625","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-11625-2013","volume":"13","author":"J-F Doussin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Doussin, J.-F. & Monod, A. Structure\u2013activity relationship for the estimation of OH-oxidation rate constants of carbonyl compounds in the aqueous phase. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, 11625\u201311641 (2013).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A132","DOI":"10.17815\/jlsrf-4-121-1","volume":"4","author":"D Krause","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krause, D. & Th\u00f6rnig, P. JURECA: modular supercomputer at J\u00fclich Supercomputing Centre. J. Large-scale Res. Facil. 4, A132 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Large-scale Res. Facil."},{"key":"3462_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.5194\/gmd-4-195-2011","volume":"4","author":"R Deckert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deckert, R., J\u00f6ckel, P., Grewe, V., Gottschaldt, K.-D. & Hoor, P. A quasi chemistry-transport model mode for EMAC. Geosci. Model Dev. 4, 195\u2013206 (2011).","journal-title":"Geosci. Model Dev."},{"key":"3462_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-527-2012","volume":"9","author":"JW Kaiser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kaiser, J. W. et al. Biomass burning emissions estimated with a global fire assimilation system based on observed fire radiative power. Biogeosciences 9, 527\u2013554 (2012).","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"3462_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-11-4039-2011","volume":"11","author":"SK Akagi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Akagi, S. K. et al. Emission factors for open and domestic biomass burning for use in atmospheric models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 4039\u20134072 (2011).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GB001382","volume":"15","author":"MO Andreae","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andreae, M. O. & Merlet, P. Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 15, 955\u2013966 (2001).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"3462_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6931","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-6931-2016","volume":"16","author":"D Cabrera-Perez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cabrera-Perez, D., Taraborrelli, D., Sander, R. & Pozzer, A. Global atmospheric budget of simple monocyclic aromatic compounds. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 6931\u20136947 (2016).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7017","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-10-7017-2010","volume":"10","author":"J-F Lamarque","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lamarque, J.-F. et al. Historical (1850\u20132000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 7017\u20137039 (2010).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5475","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-6-5475-2006","volume":"6","author":"H Tost","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tost, H., J\u00f6ckel, P. & Lelieveld, J. Influence of different convection parameterisations in a GCM. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, 5475\u20135493 (2006).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6694","DOI":"10.1021\/es500319q","volume":"48","author":"S So","year":"2014","unstructured":"So, S., Wille, U. & da Silva, G. Atmospheric chemistry of enols: a theoretical study of the vinyl alcohol + OH + O2 reaction mechanism. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48, 6694\u20136701 (2014).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3462_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6833","DOI":"10.1021\/jp056345r","volume":"110","author":"NI Butkovskaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butkovskaya, N. I., Pouvesle, N., Kukui, A., Mu, Y. & Bras, G. L. Mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of hydroxyacetone over the temperature range 236\u2013298\u00a0K. J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 6833\u20136843 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"3462_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13492","DOI":"10.1021\/jp064993k","volume":"110","author":"NI Butkovskaya","year":"2006","unstructured":"Butkovskaya, N. I., Pouvesle, N., Kukui, A. & Bras, G. L. Mechanism of the OH-initiated oxidation of glycolaldehyde over the temperature range 233\u2013296\u00a0K. J. Phys. Chem. A 110, 13492\u201313499 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"3462_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06265","volume":"51","author":"E Assaf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Assaf, E. et al. The reaction between CH3O2 and OH radicals: product yields and atmospheric implications. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 2170\u20132177 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"3462_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1021\/jp201517p","volume":"115","author":"C Iuga","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iuga, C., Alvarez-Idaboy, J. R. & Vivier-Bunge, A. Mechanism and kinetics of the water-assisted formic acid + OH reaction under tropospheric conditions. J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 5138\u20135146 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"3462_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6041","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-6041-2009","volume":"9","author":"C Clerbaux","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clerbaux, C. et al. Monitoring of atmospheric composition using the thermal infrared IASI\/MetOp sounder. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 6041\u20136054 (2009).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"3462_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2019GL086239","DOI":"10.1029\/2019GL086239","volume":"47","author":"B Franco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Franco, B. et al. Spaceborne measurements of formic and acetic acids: a global view of the regional sources. Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, e2019GL086239 (2020).","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"3462_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8963","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-16-8963-2016","volume":"16","author":"M Pommier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pommier, M. et al. HCOOH distributions from IASI for 2008\u20132014: comparison with ground-based FTIR measurements and a global chemistry-transport model. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 8963\u20138981 (2016).","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03462-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03462-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03462-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,1]],"date-time":"2023-02-01T17:04:52Z","timestamp":1675271092000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03462-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7858","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]}},"alternative-id":["3462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03462-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}