{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T07:27:31Z","timestamp":1793172451371,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7906","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007457","name":"JPB Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007457","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Andrew and Peggy Cherng, Samuel Yin, Carol Ludwig, David and Roger Wu"},{"name":"Health@InnoHK"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MCB-2032259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCB-2032259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The identification of the Omicron (B.1.1.529.1 or BA.1) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Botswana in November 2021\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    immediately caused concern owing to the number of alterations in the spike glycoprotein that could lead to antibody evasion. We\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    and others\n                    <jats:sup>3\u20136<\/jats:sup>\n                    recently reported results confirming such a concern. Continuing surveillance of the evolution of Omicron has since revealed the rise in prevalence of two sublineages, BA.1 with an R346K alteration (BA.1+R346K, also known as BA.1.1) and B.1.1.529.2 (BA.2), with the latter containing 8 unique spike alterations and lacking 13 spike alterations found in BA.1. Here we extended our studies to include antigenic characterization of these new sublineages. Polyclonal sera from patients infected by wild-type SARS-CoV-2 or recipients of current mRNA vaccines showed a substantial loss in neutralizing activity against both BA.1+R346K and BA.2, with drops comparable to that already reported for BA.1 (refs.\n                    <jats:sup>2,3,5,6<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). These findings indicate that these three sublineages of Omicron are antigenically equidistant from the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and thus similarly threaten the efficacies of current vaccines. BA.2 also exhibited marked resistance to 17 of 19 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies tested, including S309 (sotrovimab)\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    , which had retained appreciable activity against BA.1 and BA.1+R346K (refs.\n                    <jats:sup>2\u20134,6<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). This finding shows that no authorized monoclonal antibody therapy could adequately cover all sublineages of the Omicron variant, except for the recently authorized LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab).\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04594-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]],"date-time":"2022-03-03T10:02:39Z","timestamp":1646301759000},"page":"553-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":776,"title":["Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"604","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3733-9556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sho","family":"Iketani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5357-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yicheng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6336-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasper F.-W.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maple","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2855-9837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hin","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenn K.-H.","family":"Chik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence T.-T.","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magdalena E.","family":"Sobieszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6270-1644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoxing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-1552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwok-Yung","family":"Yuen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2164-4318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harris H.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zizhang","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1627-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David D.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"4594_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Viana, R. et al. Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04411-y (2022).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04411-y"},{"key":"4594_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04388-0","volume":"602","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 602, 676\u2013681 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04386-2","volume":"602","author":"E Cameroni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cameroni, E. et al. Broadly neutralizing antibodies overcome SARS-CoV-2 Omicron antigenic shift. Nature 602, 664\u2013670 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","volume":"602","author":"Y Cao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cao, Y. et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature 602, 657\u2013663 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04387-1","volume":"602","author":"S Cele","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cele, S. et al. Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization. Nature 602, 654\u2013656 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04389-z","volume":"602","author":"D Planas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Planas, D. et al. Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization. Nature 602, 671\u2013675 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2349-y","volume":"583","author":"D Pinto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pinto, D. et al. Cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by a human monoclonal SARS-CoV antibody. Nature 583, 290\u2013295 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30494","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494","volume":"22","author":"Y Shu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shu, Y. & McCauley, J. GISAID: global initiative on sharing all influenza data - from vision to reality. Eurosurveillance 22, 30494 (2017).","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"4594_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd0827","volume":"369","author":"J Hansen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hansen, J. et al. Studies in humanized mice and convalescent humans yield a SARS-CoV-2 antibody cocktail. Science 369, 1010\u20131014 (2020).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4594_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2548-6","volume":"584","author":"SJ Zost","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zost, S. J. et al. Potently neutralizing and protective human antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Nature 584, 443\u2013449 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abf1906","volume":"13","author":"BE Jones","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jones, B. E. et al. The neutralizing antibody, LY-CoV555, protects against SARS-CoV-2 infection in nonhuman primates. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabf1906 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"4594_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2381-y","volume":"584","author":"R Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, R. et al. A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor-binding site of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 584, 120\u2013124 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2380-z","volume":"584","author":"B Ju","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ju, B. et al. Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nature 584, 115\u2013119 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Westendorf, K. et al. LY-CoV1404 (bebtelovimab) potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.04.30.442182 (2022).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.04.30.442182"},{"key":"4594_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4830","volume":"371","author":"CG Rappazzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rappazzo, C. G. et al. Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody. 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Nature 584, 450\u2013456 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4594_CR19","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Isolation and comparative analysis of antibodies that broadly neutralize sarbecoviruses. Sci. Transl. Med. (in the press)."},{"key":"4594_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rockett, R. et al. Resistance mutations in SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant after sotrovimab use. N. Engl. J. Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc2120219 (2022).","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2120219"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04594-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04594-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04594-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T09:18:24Z","timestamp":1650532704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04594-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7906","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]}},"alternative-id":["4594"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04594-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.02.07.479306","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"S.I., Lihong Liu, J.Y., Yaoxing Huang and D.D.H. are inventors on patent applications (WO2021236998) or provisional patent applications (63\/271,627) filed by Columbia University for a number of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies described in this manuscript. Both sets of applications are under review. D.D.H. is a co-founder of TaiMed Biologics and RenBio, consultant to WuXi Biologics and Brii Biosciences, and board director for Vicarious Surgical.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}