{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T21:06:38Z","timestamp":1793307998658,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7918","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nature"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron are globally relevant variants of concern. Although individuals infected with Delta are at risk of developing severe lung disease, infection with Omicron often causes milder symptoms, especially in vaccinated individuals\n                    <jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The question arises of whether widespread Omicron infections could lead to future cross-variant protection, accelerating the end of the pandemic. Here we show that without vaccination, infection with Omicron induces a limited humoral immune response in mice and humans. Sera from mice overexpressing the human ACE2 receptor and infected with Omicron neutralize only Omicron, but not other variants of concern, whereas broader cross-variant neutralization was observed after WA1 and Delta infections. Unlike WA1 and Delta, Omicron replicates to low levels in the lungs and brains of infected animals, leading to mild disease with reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and diminished activation of lung-resident T cells. Sera from individuals who were unvaccinated and infected with Omicron show the same limited neutralization of only Omicron itself. By contrast, Omicron breakthrough infections induce overall higher neutralization titres against all variants of concern. Our results demonstrate that Omicron infection enhances pre-existing immunity elicited by vaccines but, on its own, may not confer broad protection against non-Omicron variants in unvaccinated individuals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04865-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T06:02:54Z","timestamp":1652853774000},"page":"351-355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Limited cross-variant immunity from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron without vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"607","author":[{"given":"Rahul K.","family":"Suryawanshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5766-9253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene P.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongcui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah M.","family":"Syed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noah","family":"Brazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prachi","family":"Saldhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille R.","family":"Simoneau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Ciling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir M.","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharath","family":"Sreekumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. 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Milder disease with Omicron: is it the virus or the pre-existing immunity? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 22, 69\u201371 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"4865_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00017-4","volume":"399","author":"N Wolter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolter, N. et al. Early assessment of the clinical severity of the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in South Africa: a data linkage study. Lancet 399, 437\u2013446 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4865_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.046","volume":"185","author":"W Dejnirattisai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dejnirattisai, W. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses. Cell 185, 467\u2013484.e15 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4865_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Syed, A. M. et al. Omicron mutations enhance infectivity and reduce antibody neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles. Preprint at medRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2021.12.20.21268048 (2022).","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.12.20.21268048"},{"key":"4865_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abn7760","volume":"375","author":"D Mannar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mannar, D. et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: antibody evasion and cryo-EM structure of spike protein\u2013ACE2 complex. Science 375, 760\u2013764 (2022).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4865_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04385-3","volume":"602","author":"Y Cao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cao, Y. et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature 602, 657\u2013663 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4865_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01678-y","volume":"28","author":"LA Van Blargan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Van Blargan, L. A. et al. An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Nat. Med. 28, 490\u2013495 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"4865_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.032","volume":"185","author":"M Hoffmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoffmann, M. et al. The Omicron variant is highly resistant against antibody-mediated neutralization: implications for control of the COVID-19 pandemic. 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EMBO J. 38, e100300 (2019).","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"4865_CR28","unstructured":"National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research & Committee for the Update of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: Eighth Edition (National Academies Press, 2011)."},{"key":"4865_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e72619","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.72619","volume":"10","author":"J Neidleman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Neidleman, J. et al. mRNA vaccine-induced T cells respond identically to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern but differ in longevity and homing properties depending on prior infection status. eLife 10, e72619 (2021).","journal-title":"eLife"}],"container-title":["Nature"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04865-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04865-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04865-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,13]],"date-time":"2022-07-13T13:35:31Z","timestamp":1657719331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-022-04865-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7918","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,14]]}},"alternative-id":["4865"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04865-0","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2022.01.13.22269243","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-0836","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-4687","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"J.A.D. is a cofounder of Caribou Biosciences, Editas Medicine, Scribe Therapeutics, Intellia Therapeutics and Mammoth Biosciences; a scientific advisory board member of Vertex, Caribou Biosciences, Intellia Therapeutics, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Scribe Therapeutics, Mammoth Biosciences, Synthego, Algen Biotechnologies, Felix Biosciences, The Column Group and Inari; a director at Johnson & Johnson and Tempus; and has research projects sponsored by Biogen, Pfizer, AppleTree Partners and Roche. C.Y.C. is the director of the UCSF-Abbott Viral Diagnostics and Discovery Study; receives research support from Abbott Laboratories; and also receives support for SARS-CoV-2 research unrelated to this study from Mammoth Biosciences.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}