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However, no unambiguous photochemical products have been detected in exoplanet atmospheres so far. Recent observations from the JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Program\n                    <jats:sup>2,3<\/jats:sup>\n                    found a spectral absorption feature at 4.05\u2009\u03bcm arising from sulfur dioxide (SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in the atmosphere of WASP-39b. WASP-39b is a 1.27-Jupiter-radii, Saturn-mass (0.28\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>J<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) gas giant exoplanet orbiting a Sun-like star with an equilibrium temperature of around 1,100\u2009K (ref.\u2009\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The most plausible way of generating SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in such an atmosphere is through photochemical processes\n                    <jats:sup>5,6<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here we show that the SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    distribution computed by a suite of photochemical models robustly explains the 4.05-\u03bcm spectral feature identified by JWST transmission observations\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    with NIRSpec PRISM (2.7\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    and G395H (4.5\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>\n                    . SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    is produced by successive oxidation of sulfur radicals freed when hydrogen sulfide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    S) is destroyed. The sensitivity of the SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    feature to the enrichment of the atmosphere by heavy elements (metallicity) suggests that it can be used as a tracer of atmospheric properties, with WASP-39b exhibiting an inferred metallicity of about 10\u00d7 solar. We further point out that SO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    also shows observable features at ultraviolet and thermal infrared wavelengths not available from the existing observations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05902-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T12:02:51Z","timestamp":1682510571000},"page":"483-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":277,"title":["Photochemically produced SO2 in the atmosphere of WASP-39b"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"617","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8163-4608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shang-Min","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elspeth K. 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