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This is because of the low (&lt;1\u2009ppb) abundance of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> under thermochemical equilibrium compared with that produced from the photochemistry of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S (1\u201310\u2009ppm)<jats:sup>4\u20139<\/jats:sup>. However, the SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> inference was made from a single, small molecular feature in the transmission spectrum of WASP-39b at 4.05\u2009\u03bcm and, therefore, the detection of other SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> absorption bands at different wavelengths is needed to better constrain the SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> abundance. Here we report the detection of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> spectral features at 7.7 and 8.5\u2009\u03bcm in the 5\u201312-\u03bcm transmission spectrum of WASP-39b measured by the JWST Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) Low Resolution Spectrometer (LRS)<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>. Our observations suggest an abundance of SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> of 0.5\u201325\u2009ppm (1<jats:italic>\u03c3<\/jats:italic> range), consistent with previous findings<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>. As well as SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, we find broad water-vapour absorption features, as well as an unexplained decrease in the transit depth at wavelengths longer than 10\u2009\u03bcm. Fitting the spectrum with a grid of atmospheric forward models, we derive an atmospheric heavy-element content (metallicity) for WASP-39b of approximately 7.1\u20138.0 times solar and demonstrate that photochemistry shapes the spectra of WASP-39b across a broad wavelength range.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07040-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T17:37:30Z","timestamp":1705513050000},"page":"979-983","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Sulfur dioxide in the mid-infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-39b"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"626","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4250-0957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Powell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9464-8101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adina D.","family":"Feinstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elspeth K. 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