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However, how cognitive control regulates working\u00a0memory storage is unclear. Here we show that interactions of frontal control and hippocampal persistent activity are coordinated by theta\u2013gamma phase\u2013amplitude coupling (TG-PAC). We recorded single neurons in the human medial temporal and frontal lobe while patients maintained multiple items in their working memory. In the hippocampus, TG-PAC was indicative of working\u00a0memory load and quality. We identified cells that selectively spiked during nonlinear interactions of theta phase and gamma amplitude. The spike timing of these PAC neurons was coordinated with frontal theta activity when cognitive control demand was high. By introducing noise correlations with persistently active neurons in the hippocampus, PAC neurons shaped the geometry of the population code. This led to higher-fidelity representations of working\u00a0memory content that were associated with improved behaviour. Our results support a multicomponent architecture of working memory\n                    <jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with frontal control managing maintenance of working\u00a0memory content in storage-related areas\n                    <jats:sup>3\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Within this framework, hippocampal TG-PAC integrates cognitive control and working\u00a0memory storage across brain areas, thereby suggesting a potential mechanism for top-down control over sensory-driven processes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07309-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T12:02:13Z","timestamp":1713355333000},"page":"393-401","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":194,"title":["Control of working memory by phase\u2013amplitude coupling of human hippocampal neurons"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"629","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6516-7288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Daume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Kami\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G. 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