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These include small sets of command-like neurons that are sufficient to drive behaviours\n                    <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2014the circuit mechanisms for which remain unclear. Here we show that command-like DNs in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    directly recruit networks of additional DNs to orchestrate behaviours that require the active control of numerous body parts. Specifically, we found that command-like DNs previously thought to drive behaviours alone\n                    <jats:sup>2\u20134<\/jats:sup>\n                    in fact co-activate larger populations of DNs. Connectome analyses and experimental manipulations revealed that this functional recruitment can be explained by direct excitatory connections between command-like DNs and networks of interconnected DNs in the brain. Descending population recruitment is necessary for behavioural control: DNs with many downstream descending partners require network co-activation to drive complete behaviours and drive only simple stereotyped movements in their absence. These DN networks reside within behaviour-specific clusters that inhibit one another. These results support a mechanism for command-like descending control in which behaviours are generated through the recruitment of increasingly large DN networks that compose behaviours by combining multiple motor subroutines.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07523-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]],"date-time":"2024-06-05T12:13:12Z","timestamp":1717589592000},"page":"686-694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Descending networks transform command signals into population motor control"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"630","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1934-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6708-0840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Femke","family":"Hurtak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibo","family":"Wang-Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5425-4610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavan","family":"Ramdya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"7523_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2023.102822","volume":"84","author":"J Simpson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simpson, J. 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