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Here we report\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis hestiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    gen. et sp. nov., an exquisitely preserved fossil species from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. The skull of\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is toothless and large-eyed, with a vaulted cranium closely resembling the condition in crown birds; however, phylogenetic analyses recover\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Enantiornithes, a highly diverse clade of Mesozoic stem birds. Despite an overall geometry quantitatively indistinguishable from crown birds, the skull of\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    retains numerous plesiomorphies including a maxilla-dominated rostrum, an akinetic palate, a diapsid temporal configuration, a small cerebellum and a weakly expanded telencephalon. These archaic neurocranial traits are combined with a crown bird-like degree of brain flexion and a bony labyrinth comparable in shape to those of many crown birds but substantially larger. Altogether, the emergent cranial geometry of\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    shows an unprecedented degree of similarity between crown birds and enantiornithines, groups last sharing a common ancestor more than 130\u2009million\u2009years ago\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>Navaornis<\/jats:italic>\n                    provides long-sought insight into the detailed cranial and endocranial morphology of stem birds phylogenetically crownward of\n                    <jats:italic>Archaeopteryx<\/jats:italic>\n                    , clarifying the pattern and timing by which the distinctive neuroanatomy of living birds was assembled.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08114-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,13]],"date-time":"2024-11-13T11:35:39Z","timestamp":1731497739000},"page":"376-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cretaceous bird from Brazil informs the evolution of the avian skull and brain"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"635","author":[{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Chiappe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2447-1275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Naval\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4489-0888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agust\u00edn G.","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1811-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismar de Souza","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Miloni Santucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1786-0352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Field","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"8114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balanoff, A. & Bever, G. in Evolutionary Neuroscience (ed. 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