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Studying the distribution of the masses and charges of the fragments is essential for establishing the fission mechanisms and refining the theoretical models\n                    <jats:sup>3,4<\/jats:sup>\n                    . It has value for our understanding of r-process nucleosynthesis\n                    <jats:sup>5,6<\/jats:sup>\n                    , in which the fission of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios is pivotal for determining astrophysical abundances and understanding the origin of the elements\n                    <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n                    and for energy applications\n                    <jats:sup>8,9<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Although the asymmetric distribution of fragments is well understood for actinides (elements in the periodic table with atomic numbers from 89 to 103) based on shell effects\n                    <jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>\n                    , symmetric fission governs the scission process for lighter elements. However, unexpected asymmetric splits have been observed in neutron-deficient exotic nuclei\n                    <jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>\n                    , prompting extensive further investigations. Here we present measurements of the charge distributions of fission fragments for 100 exotic fissioning systems, 75 of which have never been measured, and establish a connection between the neutron-deficient sub-lead region and the well-understood actinide region. These new data comprehensively map the asymmetric fission island and provide clear evidence for the role played by the deformed\n                    <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200936 proton shell of the light fragment in the fission of sub-lead nuclei. Our dataset will help constrain the fission models used to estimate the fission properties of nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios for which experimental data are unavailable.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08882-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,2]],"date-time":"2025-05-02T07:02:14Z","timestamp":1746169334000},"page":"339-344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["An asymmetric fission island driven by shell effects in light fragments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"641","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-2199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Morfouace","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Taieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chatillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9899-6923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Audouin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Blanchon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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