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The response to this tidal interaction drives temporal changes in the lunar gravity field and is sensitive to the satellite\u2019s internal structure<jats:sup>2\u20134<\/jats:sup>. We use data from the NASA GRAIL spacecraft<jats:sup>5\u20139<\/jats:sup> to recover the time-varying lunar gravity field, including a degree-3 gravitational tidal Love number, <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. Here, we report our estimated value of <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.0163\u2009\u00b1\u20090.0007, which is about 72% higher than that expected for a spherically symmetric moon<jats:sup>10<\/jats:sup>. Such a large <jats:italic>k<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> can be explained if the elastic shear modulus of the mantle varies by about 2\u20133% between the nearside and farside<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>, providing an observational demonstration of lateral heterogeneities in the deep lunar interior. This asymmetric structure suggests preservation of a predominantly thermal anomaly of roughly 100\u2013200\u2009K in the nearside mantle that formed surface mare regions 3\u20134\u2009billion years ago<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> and could influence the spatial distribution of deep moonquakes<jats:sup>12<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08949-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T15:02:40Z","timestamp":1747234960000},"page":"1188-1192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Thermal asymmetry in the Moon\u2019s mantle inferred from monthly tidal response"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"641","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-4585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. 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