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Two different frameworks have arisen regarding marine TEI cycling: reversible scavenging favours water-column control on TEI distributions<jats:sup>2\u20135<\/jats:sup>, and seafloor boundary exchange emphasizes sedimentary imprints on water-column biogeochemistry<jats:sup>6,7<\/jats:sup>. These two views lead to disparate interpretations of TEI behaviours<jats:sup>8\u201310<\/jats:sup>. Here we use rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes as exemplar tracers of particle scavenging<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup> and boundary exchange<jats:sup>6,7,12<\/jats:sup>. We integrate these data with models of particle cycling and sediment diagenesis to propose a general framework for marine TEI cycling. We show that, for elements with greater affinity for manganese oxide than biogenic particles, scavenging is a net sink throughout the water column, contrary to a common assumption for reversible scavenging<jats:sup>3,13<\/jats:sup>. In this case, a benthic flux supports increasing elemental concentrations with water depth. This sedimentary source consists of two components: one recycled from elements scavenged by water-column particles, and another newly introduced to the water column through marine silicate weathering inside sediment<jats:sup>8,14,15<\/jats:sup>. Abyssal oxic diagenesis drives this benthic source, and exerts a strong influence on water-column biogeochemistry through seafloor geometry and bottom-intensified turbulent mixing<jats:sup>16,17<\/jats:sup>. Our findings affirm the role of authigenic minerals, often overshadowed by biogenic particles, in water-column cycling<jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>, and suggest that the abyssal seafloor, often regarded as inactive, is a focus of biogeochemical transformation<jats:sup>19,20<\/jats:sup>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09038-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T15:02:13Z","timestamp":1749654133000},"page":"620-627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Abyssal seafloor as a key driver of ocean trace-metal biogeochemical cycles"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"642","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3386-9314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianghui","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2879-8117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian A.","family":"Haley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8102-9777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Rickli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Vance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9038_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-marine-010318-095123","volume":"12","author":"RF Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson, R. 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