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To create an archaeogenetic-based spatiotemporal map of human pathogens, we screened shotgun-sequencing data from 1,313 ancient humans covering 37,000\u2009years of Eurasian history. We demonstrate the widespread presence of ancient bacterial, viral and parasite DNA, identifying 5,486 individual hits against 492 species from 136 genera. Among those hits, 3,384 involve known human pathogens\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    , many of which had not previously been identified in ancient human remains. Grouping the ancient microbial species according to their likely reservoir and type of transmission, we find that most groups are identified throughout the entire sampling period. Zoonotic pathogens are only detected from\u00a0around 6,500\u2009years ago, peaking roughly 5,000\u2009years ago, coinciding with the widespread domestication of livestock\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Our findings provide direct evidence that this lifestyle change resulted in an increased infectious disease burden. They also indicate that the spread of these pathogens increased substantially during subsequent millennia, coinciding with the pastoralist migrations from the Eurasian Steppe\n                    <jats:sup>4,5<\/jats:sup>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09192-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T08:40:56Z","timestamp":1752136856000},"page":"1011-1019","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The spatiotemporal distribution of human pathogens in ancient 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