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Notable recent progress to realize such systems has been achieved in ultracold atoms\n                    <jats:sup>8\u201312<\/jats:sup>\n                    , superconducting circuits\n                    <jats:sup>13\u201315<\/jats:sup>\n                    and twisted van der Waals materials\n                    <jats:sup>16\u201319<\/jats:sup>\n                    . However, so far, these platforms have struggled to simulate large-scale strongly interacting fermionic systems at low temperatures, at which electronic correlations dominate materials properties and numerical simulations remain restricted in accuracy and scope\n                    <jats:sup>20,21<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here we demonstrate the realization of a new platform consisting of large-scale 2D arrays of sub-nanometre precision-engineered atom-based quantum dots (15,000 sites) to simulate strongly interacting, low-temperature physics. By observing a metal\u2013insulator (MI) transition on a 2D square lattice of atom-based quantum dots, we demonstrate independent and precise control of the on-site interaction\n                    <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                    and tunnelling\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Magneto-transport measurements further indicate the formation of an insulating state driven by Mott\u2013Hubbard\/Anderson physics and promising signatures of correlated electron physics. These precision-engineered analogue quantum simulators provide a unique platform to simulate quantum materials on arbitrary 2D lattices and to explore many unanswered questions in the formation of quantum magnetism, interacting topological quantum matter and unconventional superconductivity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-10053-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T16:02:40Z","timestamp":1770220960000},"page":"574-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Large-scale analogue quantum simulation using atom dot arrays"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"650","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2788-0306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. 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