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It can be mitigated by mapping to multiple haplotypes represented in a pangenome\n                    <jats:sup>3\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Here we introduce two new methods to address reference bias: Emblask for pangenome construction and Weaver for mapping to pangenomes at scale. Emblask is a hybrid long- and short-read haplotype-resolved dual assembly pipeline for parent\u2013offspring trio data. Using Emblask, we assembled 698 Icelandic haplotypes and added them to the Human Pangenome Reference Consortium\u00a0(HPRC) pangenome\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    to construct an Icelandic pangenome reference (HPRC-ICE) including 51.41 million small variants. We mapped the short reads of 57,630 Icelanders to HPRC-ICE with Weaver and called 98.96 million variants, representing a 6.17% increase over mapping to a linear reference. We uncovered new variants in low-mappability regions, including a pathogenic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in\n                    <jats:italic>GBA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    that associates with early onset Parkinson\u2019s disease and a missense SNP in\n                    <jats:italic>CBS<\/jats:italic>\n                    that is pathogenic for homocystinuria. We replicated the\n                    <jats:italic>GBA1<\/jats:italic>\n                    association in the UK Biobank\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    with a targeted remapping of 429,193 British and Irish participants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-026-10924-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:02:10Z","timestamp":1787151730000},"page":"421-429","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Icelandic pangenome reference"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"658","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2211-9957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Holley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1674-9978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannes P.","family":"Eggertsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8981-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Snaedis","family":"Kristmundsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doruk","family":"Beyter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5048-0933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astros Th","family":"Skuladottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9579-4362","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristjan H. 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