{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:14:35Z","timestamp":1792502075197,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder affecting more than 16 million pregnancies annually worldwide\n                    <jats:sup>1,2<\/jats:sup>\n                    . GDM is related to an increased lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D)\n                    <jats:sup>1\u20133<\/jats:sup>\n                    , with over a third of women developing T2D within 15\u2009years of their GDM diagnosis. The diseases are hypothesized to share a genetic predisposition\n                    <jats:sup>1\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    , but few studies have sought to uncover the genetic underpinnings of GDM. Most studies have evaluated the impact of T2D loci only\n                    <jats:sup>8\u201310<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and the three prior genome-wide association studies of GDM\n                    <jats:sup>11\u201313<\/jats:sup>\n                    have identified only five loci, limiting the power to assess to what extent variants or biological pathways are specific to GDM. We conducted the largest genome-wide association study of GDM to date in 12,332 cases and 131,109 parous female controls in the FinnGen study and identified 13 GDM-associated loci, including nine new loci. Genetic features distinct from T2D were identified both at the locus and genomic scale. Our results suggest that the genetics of GDM risk falls into the following two distinct categories: one part conventional T2D polygenic risk and one part predominantly influencing mechanisms disrupted in pregnancy. Loci with GDM-predominant effects map to genes related to islet cells, central glucose homeostasis, steroidogenesis and placental expression.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-023-01607-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T06:03:32Z","timestamp":1704434612000},"page":"377-382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Distinct and shared genetic architectures of gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Elliott","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8422-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raymond K.","family":"Walters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1664-1350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matti","family":"Pirinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Kurki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5953-5523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nella","family":"Junna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline I.","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Pat","family":"Reeve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harri","family":"Siirtola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanna M.","family":"Lemmel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3643-8605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Turley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lahtela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0554-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juha","family":"Mehtonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kadri","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman G.","family":"Elnahas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Reigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priit","family":"Palta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00f5nu","family":"Esko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2964-6011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reedik","family":"M\u00e4gi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Estonian Biobank Research Team","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Metspalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Nelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Milani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgi","family":"Hudjashov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"FinnGen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haari","family":"Siirtola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lahtinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2527-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarno","family":"Palotie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0949-8752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark J.","family":"Daly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-2806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Wid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1607_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5","volume":"373","author":"L Bellamy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bellamy, L., Casas, J. P., Hingorani, A. D. & Williams, D. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 373, 1773\u20131779 (2009).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1607_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2020.108625","volume":"171","author":"RA Dennison","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dennison, R. A. et al. The absolute and relative risk of type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 studies. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 171, 108625 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"1607_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05215-3","volume":"63","author":"AM Auvinen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Auvinen, A. M. et al. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes after gestational diabetes: a 23 year cohort study. Diabetologia 63, 2123\u20132128 (2020).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1607_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0098-8","volume":"5","author":"HD McIntyre","year":"2019","unstructured":"McIntyre, H. D. et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 5, 47 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"1607_CR5","first-page":"955","volume":"48","author":"MA Williams","year":"2003","unstructured":"Williams, M. A., Qiu, C., Dempsey, J. C. & Luthy, D. A. Familial aggregation of type 2 diabetes and chronic hypertension in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J. Reprod. Med. 48, 955\u2013962 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"1607_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1375\/twin.11.1.28","volume":"11","author":"J Condon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Condon, J. et al. A study of diabetes mellitus within a large sample of Australian twins. Twin Res. Hum. Genet. 11, 28\u201340 (2008).","journal-title":"Twin Res. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e31816b8710","volume":"10","author":"J Robitaille","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robitaille, J. & Grant, A. M. The genetics of gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence for relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Genet. Med. 10, 240\u2013250 (2008).","journal-title":"Genet. Med."},{"key":"1607_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4637-8","volume":"61","author":"M Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding, M. et al. Genetic variants of gestational diabetes mellitus: a study of 112 SNPs among 8722 women in two independent populations. Diabetologia 61, 1758\u20131768 (2018).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1607_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-020-01355-3","volume":"20","author":"CE Powe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Powe, C. E. & Kwak, S. H. Genetic studies of gestational diabetes and glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Curr. Diab. Rep. 20, 69 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"1607_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13356","volume":"87","author":"VK Kawai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kawai, V. K. et al. A genetic risk score that includes common type 2 diabetes risk variants is associated with gestational diabetes. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.) 87, 149\u2013155 (2017).","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf.)"},{"key":"1607_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-1034","volume":"61","author":"SH Kwak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kwak, S. H. et al. A genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus in Korean women. Diabetes 61, 531\u2013541 (2012).","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"1607_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1640205","volume":"34","author":"NN Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, N. N. et al. A genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women. J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med. 34, 1557\u20131564 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"1607_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3377","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddac050","volume":"31","author":"N Pervjakova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pervjakova, N. et al. Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus highlights genetic links with type 2 diabetes. Hum. Mol. Genet. 31, 3377\u20133391 (2022).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.7217","volume":"326","author":"NS Shah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shah, N. S. et al. Trends in gestational diabetes at first live birth by race and ethnicity in the US, 2011\u20132019. JAMA 326, 660\u2013669 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1607_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00870-7","volume":"53","author":"J Mbatchou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mbatchou, J. et al. Computationally efficient whole-genome regression for quantitative and binary traits. Nat. Genet. 53, 1097\u20131103 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05473-8","volume":"613","author":"MI Kurki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurki, M. I. et al. FinnGen provides genetic insights from a well-phenotyped isolated population. Nature 613, 508\u2013518 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1607_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1111\/rssb.12388","volume":"82","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, G., Sarkar, A., Carbonetto, P. & Stephens, M. A simple new approach to variable selection in regression, with application to genetic fine mapping. J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol. 82, 1273\u20131300 (2020).","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. B Stat. Methodol."},{"key":"1607_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0241-6","volume":"50","author":"A Mahajan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahajan, A. et al. Fine-mapping type 2 diabetes loci to single-variant resolution using high-density imputation and islet-specific epigenome maps. Nat. Genet. 50, 1505\u20131513 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"btad115","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btad115","volume":"39","author":"M Pirinen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pirinen, M. linemodels: clustering effects based on linear relationships. Bioinformatics 39, btad115 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"1607_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.11253.2","volume":"2","author":"I Del Valle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Del Valle, I. et al. A genomic atlas of human adrenal and gonad development. Wellcome Open Res. 2, 25 (2017).","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res."},{"key":"1607_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-53370-4","volume":"9","author":"L Bouazzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bouazzi, L., Sproll, P., Eid, W. & Biason-Lauber, A. The transcriptional regulator CBX2 and ovarian function: a whole genome and whole transcriptome approach. Sci. Rep. 9, 17033 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1607_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadd5430","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.add5430","volume":"8","author":"A Nag","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nag, A. et al. Human genetics uncovers MAP3K15 as an obesity-independent therapeutic target for diabetes. Sci. Advan. 8, eadd5430 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Advan."},{"key":"1607_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1117","volume":"37","author":"P Stijnen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stijnen, P., Ramos-Molina, B., O\u2019Rahilly, S. & Creemers, J. W. PCSK1 mutations and human endocrinopathies: from obesity to gastrointestinal disorders. Endocr. Rev. 37, 347\u2013371 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocr. Rev."},{"key":"1607_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.177","volume":"40","author":"M Benzinou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Benzinou, M. et al. Common nonsynonymous variants in PCSK1 confer risk of obesity. Nat. Genet. 40, 943\u2013945 (2008).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1303611","volume":"369","author":"SD Quaynor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quaynor, S. D. et al. Delayed puberty and estrogen resistance in a woman with estrogen receptor \u03b1 variant. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 164\u2013171 (2013).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1607_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199410203311604","volume":"331","author":"EP Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith, E. P. et al. Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogen-receptor gene in a man. N. Engl. J. Med. 331, 1056\u20131061 (1994).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1607_CR27","first-page":"93","volume":"102","author":"V Bernard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bernard, V. et al. Familial multiplicity of estrogen insensitivity associated with a loss-of-function ESR1 mutation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 102, 93\u201399 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"1607_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11181-1","volume":"10","author":"K Watanabe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Watanabe, K., Umicevic Mirkov, M., de Leeuw, C. A., van den Heuvel, M. P. & Posthuma, D. Genetic mapping of cell type specificity for complex traits. Nat. Commun. 10, 3222 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1607_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2017.03.004","volume":"18","author":"R Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen, R., Wu, X., Jiang, L. & Zhang, Y. Single-cell RNA-seq reveals hypothalamic cell diversity. Cell Rep. 18, 3227\u20133241 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1607_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4257","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00600","volume":"158","author":"SR Ladyman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ladyman, S. R. & Grattan, D. R. Region-specific suppression of hypothalamic responses to insulin to adapt to elevated maternal insulin secretion during pregnancy. Endocrinology 158, 4257\u20134269 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1607_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15982-7","volume":"11","author":"Y He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He, Y. et al. Estrogen receptor-\u03b1 expressing neurons in the ventrolateral VMH regulate glucose balance. Nat. Commun. 11, 2165 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1607_CR32","first-page":"612","volume":"158","author":"JA Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, J. A., Stires, H., Belden, W. J. & Roepke, T. A. The arcuate estrogen-regulated transcriptome: estrogen response element-dependent and -independent signaling of ER\u03b1 in female mice. Endocrinology 158, 612\u2013626 (2017).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"1607_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4495","volume":"20","author":"JN Campbell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campbell, J. N. et al. A molecular census of arcuate hypothalamus and median eminence cell types. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 484\u2013496 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"1607_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0637-y","volume":"52","author":"M Vujkovic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vujkovic, M. et al. Discovery of 318 new risk loci for type 2 diabetes and related vascular outcomes among 1.4 million participants in a multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Nat. Genet. 52, 680\u2013691 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2017.51","volume":"25","author":"M Mitt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mitt, M. et al. Improved imputation accuracy of rare and low-frequency variants using population-specific high-coverage WGS-based imputation reference panel. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 25, 869\u2013876 (2017).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm5020096","volume":"5","author":"L Leitsalu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leitsalu, L., Alavere, H., Tammesoo, M. L., Leego, E. & Metspalu, A. Linking a population biobank with national health registries\u2014the Estonian experience. J. Pers. Med. 5, 96\u2013106 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"1607_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24051-6","volume":"12","author":"T Laisk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laisk, T. et al. Genome-wide association study identifies five risk loci for pernicious anemia. Nat. Commun. 12, 3761 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1607_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.O072629","volume":"58","author":"M Laakso","year":"2017","unstructured":"Laakso, M. et al. The metabolic syndrome in men study: a resource for studies of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. J. Lipid Res. 58, 481\u2013493 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"1607_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2016.10.003","volume":"99","author":"F Hormozdiari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hormozdiari, F. et al. Colocalization of GWAS and eQTL signals detects target genes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 99, 1245\u20131260 (2016).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004219","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004219","volume":"11","author":"CA de Leeuw","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Leeuw, C. A., Mooij, J. M., Heskes, T. & Posthuma, D. MAGMA: Generalized gene-set analysis of GWAS data. PLOS Comput. Biol. 11, e1004219 (2015).","journal-title":"PLOS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"1607_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7","volume":"50","author":"M Verbanck","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verbanck, M., Chen, C.-Y., Neale, B. & Do, R. Detection of widespread horizontal pleiotropy in causal relationships inferred from Mendelian randomization between complex traits and diseases. Nat. Genet. 50, 693\u2013698 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1607_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(68)80059-7","volume":"5","author":"D York","year":"1968","unstructured":"York, D. Least squares fitting of a straight line with correlated errors. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 5, 320\u2013324 (1968).","journal-title":"Earth Planet. Sci. Lett."},{"key":"1607_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0590-4","volume":"562","author":"Tabula Muris Consortium.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tabula Muris Consortium. Single-cell transcriptomics of 20 mouse organs creates a Tabula Muris. Nature 562, 367\u2013372 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Nature Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-023-01607-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-023-01607-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-023-01607-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T12:08:39Z","timestamp":1710331719000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41588-023-01607-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1607"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41588-023-01607-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1061-4036","1546-1718"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1061-4036","type":"print"},{"value":"1546-1718","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 January 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"R.K.W. has received honoraria from the Jackson Laboratory and sponsored travel from the Russell Sage Foundation. A.P. is the chief scientific officer for the FinnGen project, which has received funding from 13 pharmaceutical companies. M.J.D. is a founder of Maze Therapeutics. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}